• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2023

Objectives: The role of physician-scientists who bridge the gap between basic science and clinical medicine is crucial in advancing medical innovation. This study aims to examine the educational and research environment and career satisfaction of graduate students in Korean Medicine among those who are Korean medicine doctor (KMD). Methods: This study analyzed the results of a survey consisting of respondents' composition, job status, graduate education and job satisfaction, economic conditions, career determinants, and obstacles to the career path of KMD-scientists from 65 participants including both full-time and part-time graduate students. Results: The results revealed significant differences between full-time and part-time graduate students in terms of weekly hours spent and job priorities, motivation for entering graduate school, career preferences, and desired career paths. The study highlights the need for tailored support for full-time and part-time graduate students and the importance of economic assistance in fostering KM scientists. Economic difficulties were identified as a major obstacle for full-time graduate students pursuing research careers. Tuition fees were found to be a significant burden for all graduate students. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of enhancing the research capabilities of part-time graduate students and improving the quality of education to foster KMD-scientists. Conclusion: This research provides essential insights for Korean Medicine colleges and graduate schools to develop targeted improvement plans and effectively train KMD-scientist.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2024

Most knee axial radiographs, known as sunrise and skyline view, were performed with the patient in the prone position. The authors tried to address some of the shortcomings of conventional radiography by developing a new radiography method, K-RAD. According to previous research, the K-RAD method showed a wider patellar-femoral joint space than conventional radiography and provided a clear patellar hemi-lateral image with a constant gap between the femoral trochlear groove and tibial tuberosity. The authors worked with an orthopedic specialist to perform radiography using the K-RAD method rather than using existing methods, and as a result, the two knees were aligned correctly and a clear image of the patellar-femoral joint space was created. The authors propose the K-RAD method for knee axial radiography because the K-RAD method provides a sense of stability to the patient and provides images with high diagnostic value.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2023

Purpose: Globally, 25 million children were either unvaccinated or under-vaccinated in year 2021. Among them, India had the highest number of children unvaccinated. Studies have shown impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on routine health-care services. Present study aimed to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on utilization of routine immunization services during years 2020 and 2021 in tertiary-care facility. Materials and Methods: Record based descriptive analytic study was conducted at pediatric tertiary-care hospital, Jaipur. Data of children vaccinated as per the National Immunization Schedule for the period January 2019 to December 2021 were retrieved from the immunization records. Doses administered were assessed as a proxy measure of vaccine coverage. The vaccination trends of 2020 and 2021 were compared assuming base year 2019. Unpaired t-test of significance and Pearson correlation was used for correlation analysis. Results: There was significant drop in the vaccine counts after emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. In year 2020 and 2021, mean monthly vaccine count was 2,190±715.1 and 2,305±393.2, respectively, in which maximum drop was in April 2020 (-79.12%) and May 2021 (-57.16%) when it was compared with matched month of base year. There was negative correlation between percent change in vaccine count and COVID-19 cases in 2020 (r=-0.057, p=0.861) and 2021 (r=-0.827, p=0.001) as compared to year 2019. Conclusion: Study concludes that there was a significant gap in utilization of routine immunization services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This necessitates planning and management of routine immunization services in-case of future pandemics to avoid resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in the Rajasthan.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the marginal fit of nanocomposite computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) inlays. Three types of nanocomposite CAD/CAM blocks (HASEM, VITA Enamic, and Lava Ultimate) were used as materials. Methods: Class II disto-occlusal inlay restorations were prepared on a typodont mandibular right first molar using diamond rotary instruments. The inlays were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and evaluated using the silicone replica technique to measure marginal gaps at five locations on each inlay. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests (α=0.05). Results: There were no significant differences in the marginal gaps based on the type of nanocomposite CAD/CAM inlay used (p=0.209). However, there was a significant difference in the marginal gaps between the measurement regions. The gingival region consistently exhibited a larger marginal gap than the axial and occlusal regions (p<0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the measurement location significantly influenced the marginal fit of class II disto-occlusal inlay restorations. However, there were no significant differences in the marginal gaps among the different types of CAD/CAM blocks. Furthermore, the overall mean marginal fits of the class II disto-occlusal inlay restorations made with the three types of nanocomposite CAD/CAM blocks were within the clinically acceptable range.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2024

Recently, with the expanding market for electronic devices and electric vehicles, secondary battery usage has been on the rise. Lithium-ion batteries are particularly popular due to their fast charging times and lightweight nature compared to other types of batteries. A secondary battery consists of four components: anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator. Generally, the positive and negative electrode materials of secondary batteries are composed of an active material, a binder, and a conductive material. Acetylene Black (AB) is utilized to enhance conductivity between active material particles or metal dust collectors, preventing the binder from acting as an insulator. However, when recycling waste batteries that have been subject to high usage, there is a risk of fire and explosion accidents, as accurately identifying the characteristics of Acetylene Black dust proves to be challenging. In this study, the lower explosion limit for Acetylene Black dust with an average particle size of 0.042 ㎛ was determined to be 153.64 mg/L using a Hartmann-type dust explosion device. Notably, the dust did not explode at values below 168 mg, rendering the lower explosion limit calculation unfeasible. Analysis of explosion delay times with varying electrode gaps revealed the shortest delay time at 3 mm, with a noticeable increase in delay times for gaps of 4 mm or greater. The findings offer fundamental data for fire and explosion prevention measures in Acetylene Black waste recycling processes via a predictive model for lower explosion limits and ignition delay time.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.37-60
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• 2024

Objectives : First, to investigate the diffusion of the Daoist Yangseng(養生) Method of Bokshik(服食) as an individual strategy to deal with poor a medical environment in Joseon from mid to late 16th century, through microhistorical methodology. Second, to reveal the process of Bokshik(服食) being recognized as a social phenomenon through the deaths of Bokshik(服食) takers. Methods : 1. Trace the entire treating process of a Scholar-Physicians(儒醫) and evaluate sub-par treatments within the process. 2. Analyze in detail the understandings and assessments of the Scholar-Physician and various related agencies on selected strategies made on the individual level. Results & Conclusions : 1. The dissemination of the Daoist Yangseng(養生) Method of Bokshik(服食), occurred since the mid-16th century within Confucian Joseon. 2. Hidden behind the contemporary medical ideology-'a disease should be treated by medicine'-were realities that were difficult to put into practice due to an insufficient medical system and lack of human and material medical resources. 3. The Daoist Yangseng(養生) Method of Bokshik(服食) was disseminated amid the gap between this ideology and reality, due to its claimed ability that ranged from treating a disease to recovery of health, juvenescence and longevity, with the simple intake of a single prescription consisted of one or two or a handful of medicinal ingredients. 4. As Bokshik(服食) spread throughout society, side effects and deaths came about and became known as well. Bokshik(服食) as a personal strategy on an individual level and its problems became recognized as a social phenomenon through hearsay which includes medical experiences.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.343-373
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• 2024

Background: The present study provides valuable insights into the traditional uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the Northern District of the lesser Himalayas in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The study likely focuses on documenting and preserving the region's indigenous knowledge and practices related to medicinal plants. Ethnobotanical data were collected by interviewing 72 local informants including practitioners, farmers, teachers, and laborers from different localities of District Jhelum Valley. Different quantitative tools were used for the analysis of ethnobotanical data including relative frequency of citation, use value, informant consensus factor, fidelity level, cultural value, practical value, consensus value for plant part, rank order priority, percentage respondent knowledge, economic value and their total value were calculated. Jaccard's index (JI) was used to compare the present knowledge with the previous studies in the same or surrounding areas. Results: A total of 129 species belonging to 111 genera and 63 families were documented along with their ethnobotanical uses. Dominant families based on the number of species include Rosaceae contributing 12 species followed by Asteraceae and Saxifragaceae with 8 species each. The comparative study of the novelty of species and their uses by the JI revealed 13 novel plant species which were not reported earlier from this region. Conclusions: This information is not only important for scientific and ethnobotanical purposes but also for the sustainable management of medicinal plant resources and the potential discovery of new natural medicine. Such studies can help to bridge the gap between traditional and modern medicines and collaboration between traditional healers and health care practitioners.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 10th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.343-350
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• 2024

Mobile electroencephalography (EEG) can continuously and objectively monitor construction workers' psychological stress, thereby contributing to enhanced safety and health. Traditional EEG-based stress assessment techniques utilize headset-type devices that cover the scalp, including the frontal area, which is the most relevant brain part to stress. Yet, the invasiveness of such devices may pose a potential barrier to their field application. In response, ear-EEG technology presents a less intrusive alternative for continuous monitoring, potentially overcoming the limitations of scalp-EEG. The temporal regions monitored by ear-EEG hold anatomical and functional significance in the brain's response to stress, suggesting that ear-EEG could effectively detect stress. Despite its advantage, the effectiveness of ear-EEG in stress detection remains underexplored, largely due to the existing literature's focus on frontal brain regions. To address this gap, the authors aim to evaluate ear-EEG's effectiveness in measuring stress and compare it to high-density scalp-EEG. EEG signals were collected with ear- and scalp-EEGs from 10 subjects in a controlled laboratory while they performed the mental arithmetic tasks under time pressure and socio-evaluative threats to induce stress at different levels (high vs. low). Subsequently, the authors performed t-tests and point-biserial analysis to analyze differences between high and low-stress conditions in the most reliable stress biomarkers in literature: high-beta power in temporal regions for ear-EEG, and alpha asymmetry in frontal regions for scalp-EEG. The results indicate that both EEG techniques could effectively differentiate between stress levels, with statistical significance (p <0.001 for both) and moderate effect size. Furthermore, the results demonstrate ear-EEG's comparable effectiveness to scalp-EEG in detecting stress-induced brain activity given the comparable statistical metrics, such as p-value and effect size. This study provides a groundwork for further explorations into leveraging ear-EEG as a practical tool for the early detection of stress, aiming to enhance stress management strategies within the construction industry.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.187-201
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 2008년 6월과 2009년 5월 조사기간 동안 금강의 상 중 하류부의 14개 지점을 선정해서 이 화학적 수질의 특성을 파악하였으며 어류군집의 분포 및 길드 분석과 어류생물통합지수(Fish Assessment Index, FAI)의 다변수 8개 메트릭을 이용해 금강 수계의 건강도를 평가하였다. 수질 변수 평균 변화를 분석해 본 결과 중상류지점은 수질변수의 변이양상이 크게 없었고 갑천과 미호천이 합류되는 지점부터 유기물질이 축적되어 수질 변수가 급격한 변이양상을 보였다. 이 화학적 수질 특성을 분석한 결과, 미호천과 갑천이 합류되는 하류지점부터 BOD, COD, TN, TP, Cond, Chl-a는 증가하는 경향을 보였고 DO는 감소하여 부영양화와 녹조현상이 진행되고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 어류 군집 분석 결과, 종 풍부도지수와 종 다양도 지수는 중상류지점에서는 증가한 양상을 보인 반면 하류구간에서는 감소하는 양상을 보여 상류는 생태적 안정성은 양호하고 하류는 생태적으로 비교적 불안정한 것으로 보였다. 어류종 분포 분석결과 우점종은 피라미(Zacco platypus)이며 전체 어종의 20.9%를 차지하였고 아우점종은 참갈겨니(Zacco koreanus)가 13.1%를 차지했다. 어류 내성도 및 섭식길드 특성 분석에 따르면, 중상류지점에는 민감종, 충식성 그리고 여울성 어종이 우점한 반면 미호천이 유입되면서 하수종말처리장 오염원으로 영향을 받는 하류구간부터 내성종, 잡식성 그리고 정수성 어종 우점에 결정적인 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 우리는 수질 상태를 개선하기 위해 특히 도심 오염원의 부하량을 줄이도록 노력해야 하며 수생태계 보존과 복원에 관심이 필요한 것으로 요구된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2013

본 연구는 치과에서 사용되는 심미 보철물 중에 하나인 지르코니아 기반의 전부도재관 제작 시 지르코니아 코어 위에 상부 도재를 축성하고 소성하는 과정에서 발생되는 고온이 완성된 전부도재관의 변연적합도에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 임상적 허용이 가능한지 알아볼 뿐 아니라, 치과보철치료를 위한 치과의사, 치과위생사, 치과기공사의 보철물 선택 시 임상적 참고자료로 제공할 목적으로 수행되었다. 심미에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 상악 중절치를 지대치로 선정하여 동일한 모형 10개 제작 후 각각의 지대치에 적합한 지르코니아 코어를 제작하였다. 제작된 코어의 변연적합도 측정 후 코어 위에 상부 도재를 축성하여 전부도재관을 완성한 뒤 2차 측정을 실시하였으며, 측정 후 비교 분석 된 결과는 다음과 같다. 변연적합도는 지르코니아 코어 제작한 후 전부도재관으로 제작되는 과정에 따라 더 커졌으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 그러나 전부도재관에서 총 80회 측정된 변연적합도의 값에서 임상적 허용 수치인 $120{\mu}m$을 넘지 않는 결과를 보였으며, 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 지르코니아 코어 위에 상부 도재 소성 시 변연적합도가 커지긴하나 임상적으로 허용이 가능하다는 결론을 도출하였다.