• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.7-9
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to prepare a systematic implementation of safety management for adult's foods through recommendations and guidelines for nutrition and hygiene standards for food quality certification system preferred by adults. To achieve this goal, the study studied the current status of adult preferred foods sold near the university, elicited the risks and problems of such foods, and selected nutritional and hygiene risk factors from those foods. To provide quality certification standards and guidelines for adult food preferences, this study looked at practical examples of relevant domestic and international policies and standards. The nutritional standards for food quality certification for sugars, fats, sodium, additive microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria, which are nutrients that can impair health when consumed in large quantities, and dietary standards limited to less than 100 kcal per serving were studied. One excessive amount of caffeine is reported to cause loss of calcium and potassium in the body, suggesting that if an adult is continuously exposed to high concentrations of caffeine, it could lead to imbalance in the resolution in the body and be flavored by growth and foot moon. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare an individual banner based on feasible food types, which is coordinated with the nutritional aspects that fit the purpose of presenting right amount, safe food through the quality certification system for adult's favorite foods and practical aspects that can induce companies' response and voluntary impacting efforts.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.101-104
• /
• 2014

Food safety is a global health goal, and food-borne disease are a significant public health threat throughout the world. Dairy products are susceptible to contamination through a wide variety of physical, microbial, and chemical hazards. Risks of microbiological hazards are of immediate and serious concern to human health. Milk was inoculated with Bacillus cereus and stored at 10, 15, 20, and $30^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. We monitored the effect of the temperature on growth rate and variance of toxin production. The growth rate of B. cereus was suppressed in low temperature. We confirmed that the growth rate and the toxin production were accelerated when the storage temperature was increased. B. cereus began to produce toxins when the number of bacteria was higher than $10^7CFU/mL$. Therefore, managing the storage temperature of milk is important to inhibit the growth and the toxin production of B. cereus.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.36 no.10
• /
• pp.857-864
• /
• 2012

Reviewing the statistics of harbor shipment of hazardous and noxious substance and the past spill accidents of HNS enabled us to assess the potential risks of transportation of HNS through the major harbors in Korea. Ulsan, Yeosu, Daesan port are relatively evaluated high risk in fire, health and environment disaster. Through the analysis of domestic preparedness to HNS accidents, the supplement of expertise resource to respond the vulnerability of the explosion, the fire and the physiological hazard, is required. Based on this risk assessment and review of the advanced case of Japan in building up HNS response system, a resource model at a national level was proposed which differentiates the sea areas for the proper allocation of resources to respond effectively to HNS accidents in the future.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2023

Despite the emergence of obesity as a significant public health concern, artificial sweeteners have made their way into various food products due to the perception, that they serve as substitutes for sugar. Artificial sweeteners are used to supposedly achieve weight management and health improvement. However, their efficacy and safety remain debatable. Commonly used artificial sweeteners include aspartame, acesulfame potassium, saccharin, and sucralose. This article discusses the effects of artificial sweetener consumption on weight loss, appetite regulation, blood glucose control, and gut microbiota. Research findings, concerning the consumption of artificial sweeteners and their association with body weight, have shown inconsistencies between randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Studies, comparing artificial sweeteners to sugar, have reported no significant differences in satiety. Although artificial sweeteners have no calories, they can affect blood sugar levels through the cephalic phase insulin response. A recent study suggested that artificial sweeteners influenced the occurrence of diabetes. Due to limitations in the study design, excluding diabetes-influencing factors was not feasible. The evidence showed that artificial sweeteners harbored potential health risks, necessitating further investigation. According to recent studies, the consumption of artificial sweeteners was associated with gut microbiota changes and individual blood sugar responses. It is important to note that artificial sweeteners cannot be considered safe alternatives to sugar, and further research is required.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.93-115
• /
• 2009

There are growing public concerns over crop and food safeties due to the elevated levels of heavy metals grown in contaminated soil. Heavy metals are classified as the chemical harmful risks for crop and food safety. With implementation of GAP, crop safety is controlled by many regulatory options for soil, irrigation water and fertilizers. Any attempt to retard the metal uptake by crops may be the best protocol to secure crop and food safety. This article reviews the management strategies for heavy metals in view of crop safety in Korea and demonstrates results from the field experiments to retard metal translocation from soil to crops by using chemical amendments and soil layer management methods. Major source of soil pollution by heavy metals has been related with mining activities. Risk assessment revealed that rice consumption and groundwater ingestion in the abandoned mining areas were the major exposure pathways for metals to human and the heavy metal showed the toxic effects on human health. Chemical amendments such as lime and slag retarded Cd uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) by increasing soil pH, lowering the phytoavailable Cd concentration in soil solution, immobilizing Cd in soil and converting the available Cd fractions into non-available fractions. The soil layer management methods decreased the Cd uptake by 76% and Pb by 60%. Either reversing the surface layer with subsurface layer or immobilization of metals with layer mixing with lime was considered to be the practical option for the in-situ remediation of the contaminated paddy soils. Combination of chemical soil amendments and layer management methods was efficient to retard the metal bioavailability and thus to secure crop safety for heavy metals. This protocol seems to be cheap, relatively easy to practice and practical in the agricultural fields. However, a long term monitoring work should be followed to verify the efficiency of this protocol.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.736-767
• /
• 2016

Recently, the social issue about harmful effects of nano-materials including nano-products to human body and environment have been raised, which were not expected in times past. To prevent the risks of nano-materials on the environment and human body, the regulatory policies are reinforced to ensure public health in world trends. In Korea, governmental department has prepared the policy for 'National nano-safety Management Master Plan' since 2011. However, it is very hard to manage all kinds of nano-materials, due to lack of nano-safety law and a wide range of nano-technology application. This study aims to analyze the current situation of the national policy related to nano-safety management and legislation, and also review the limitation of current system to propose improvement plan for nano-safety.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Microcystin (MC) produced during cyanobacterial blooms is a worldwide problem presenting a serious health threats to humans and ecosystems. During July through October of 2013, the Ilwol Reservoir experienced a high biomass of phytoplankton (maximum $211.7mg/m^3$ of Chlorophyll-a) containing the toxigenic cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. The aim of this study is to analyze MC concentration in the reservoir water, as well as in representative fish species (Carassius cuvieri, Carassius auratus, Channa argus). We also evaluated the human health risk of exposure to MCs accumulated in the fish. Methods: Concentrations of MCs in the water and fish samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The total levels of four MC variants, including MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-LA were below the WHO drinking water guideline limit (1 ug MC-LR per liter) both for the dissolved and particulate fraction present in the water samples. The mean MC concentrations in the livers of all species were significantly higher than in the gills (p < 0.01) and muscles (p < 0.05). The values of estimated daily intake of MCs in muscles, the edible part of the fish, would be only $0.005-0.015{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}day$, much lower than WHO's provisional tolerable daily intake of $0.04{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}day$. Conclusion: This study suggests that, owing to the spatial distribution or temporal variation of MC, there is a need for careful monitoring of cyanotoxin in reservoir water and aquatic animals to protect public health.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is an essential means for protecting workers against hazardous agents or risks that threaten their safety and health. Governmental organizations related to safety and health in the workplace regulate the PPE rules to protect workers and to minimize damage from hazardous agents. This study discussed current PPE rules overseen by the Korea Ministry of Environment and explores future perspectives on the matter. Methods: This study was based on a review of PPE regulations with which every stakeholder should comply in the workplace. Both South Korean regulations enforced by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Ministry of Environment and cases from other countries were reviewed. Results: Regulations related to the PPE required for handling chemical substances in the workplace are enforced by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Enforcement Decree, Enforcement Rules, and Notification of Protective Equipment Certification under the Ministry of Employment and Labor. The Ministry of Environment also regulates the PPE standards for 97 substances requiring preparation for accidents and adjustment of work conditions, but a recent amendment (partially amended on September 30, 2022) loosened some unreasonable or excessive provisions. It requires workers simply to carry or otherwise keep PPE handy instead of wearing it for some tasks in which hazardous chemicals are not handled directly. Conclusions: It is important to regularly review provisions that need to be improved or supplemented to help all stakeholders. Considerations should be also made to build a reasonable regulatory system that can induce more mature safety management in each workplace.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.487-493
• /
• 2017

Recent years have seen steadily increasing concerns about human exposure to heavy metals through seafood consumption. In Korea, the diverse dietary patterns of different bivalve shellfish necessitate tissue-specific evaluation of heavy metal contents for risk assessment. We analyzed the heavy metal contents of various tissues in scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) and pen shells (Atrina pectinate). In both species, we found higher levels of cadmium (Cd) in the mantle than in the adductive muscle, while there was no significant difference between the two tissue types in total mercury (THg) and lead (Pb) (P<0.05). Levels of THg and Pb were acceptable by Korean standards. However, the level of Cd in pen shell mantle tissue exceeded the standard by 40%. The rate of heavy metal exposure from consumption of these species was shown to be 0.003-0.010% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake of THg and 0.312-0.600% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTWI) of Cd as recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. These findings on the tissue-specific heavy metal contents of these species will be useful in assessing the health risks of Korean dietary habits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2023

In this study, we determined the failure rate and fire status of electric motors widely used in domestic and industrial devices and analyzed the associated fire risks by identifying the electrical and temperature characteristics of electric motors under the normal and restrained operation modes in industrial sites and laboratories. A 2.2kW motor used for driving a conveyor during the vulcanization process in a rubber product manufacturing plant was employed as the study object and was exposed to a high- temperature environment as this motor is widely used in industrial sites. The current amplitude was 4.45-4.50 A during normal operation and 38.2-41.5 A during restrained operation due to the pinching of products and semi-finished products (i.e., 8.5 times higher than that during normal operation). The leakage current amplitude was 0.33 mA during both operation modes. The temperature of the workplace in summer was 42.38℃, indicating a poor environment for the installed motor. In the laboratory, the current and temperature of the coil inside a 3.7kW motor were measured under the restrained operation mode as performing measurements of the coil inside the motor in industrial sites is challenging. The current amplitude during normal operation was 3.5 A, whereas that during restrained operation for 30 s was 51.7-58.6 A, which is 14.8-16.7 times higher than that of normal operation. Moreover, the temperature of the motor coil increased from 22.9℃ to 101℃. Based on the experimental data, we derived the temperature increase formula according to the restrained operation time by performing a regression analysis and verified the time at which the temperature exceeded the stipulated limit for the insulation grade. The findings presented in this paper can be utilized to establish fire-prevention measures and perform safety management of motors of the same type or with a similar capacity.