• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1201-1209
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and to evaluate its effects on serum cholesterol level. One-hundred-twenty bacterial colonies were initially isolated from human feces, and five strains were selected after screening based on their resistance to acids, tolerance against bile salts, and inhibitory activity on Escherichia coli. The Lactobacillus plantarum strain with the highest level of BSH activity was identified using 16S rRNA sequences, and was named L. plantarum CK 102. L. plantarum CK 102 at a level of 1.36$\times$10$^8$cfu/ml survived in pH 2 buffer for 6 h and exhibited excellent tolerance for bile salt. Coculturing the strain with E. coli in MRS broth resulted in strong inhibition against growth of E. coli at 18 h. Furthermore, the potential effect of CK 102 on serum cholesterol level was evaluated in rats. Thirty-two rats [Sprague-Dawley (SD) male, 129$\pm$l g, 5 weeks old] were divided into four groups of eight each. For six weeks, Group 1 was fed a normal diet (negative control); Group 2 was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (positive control); Group 3 was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet plus L. plantarum CK 102 at 1.0$\times$10$^7$cfu/ml; and Group 4 was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet plus L. plantarum CK 102 at 5.0$\times$10$^7$cfu/ml. Blood samples were collected, serum lipids were analyzed, and weights of the organs were measured. Total blood cholesterol level, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and free-cholesterol values were lower in rats that were fed 1. plantarum CK 102 than in those not fed L. plantarum CK 102. This cholesterol lowering effect implies that L. plantarum CK 102 could be utilized as an additive for health-assistance foods. In conclusion, these results suggest that the 1. plantarum CK 102 isolated could be used commercially as a probiotic.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Background: Prevalence of adenoma in males aged 40-49 years in Korea was higher than expected. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of colorectal adenoma in males aged 40-49 years. Methods: Total 1,902 asymptomatic subjects with a mean age of $47.9{\pm}6.7years$, who underwent a screening colonoscopy in a health promotion center of Myongji Hospital from 2010 to 2013 were enrolled in this study. We conducted a case-control study to determine the risk factors for adenoma. The subjects were classified into two groups (adenoma vs. controls). To validate the diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for adenoma, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated. Results: At least one colorectal adenoma was identified in 385 subjects (20.2%). Among these 385 subjects, 372 subjects were found to have a non-advanced adenoma, 13 subjects had an invasive adenoma. One subject had cancer. Male sex, age, smoking, metabolic syndrome, and elevated CEA level were significantly associated with a colorectal adenoma in univariate analysis. However, metabolic syndrome was not significant in multivariate analysis. In the male group, the AUROC of CEA for colorectal adenoma was 0.600 (0.543 to 0.656) in non-smokers under 50 years of age, and 0.615 (0.540 to 0.690) in smokers under 50 years of age. Conclusion: Male sex, smoking, and high levels of CEA seem to be associated with colorectal adenoma. High levels of CEA and smoking may be diagnostic markers for any colorectal adenoma in Korean males aged 40-49 years.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.430-442
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• 1997

노인의 정상 검사치를 청장년층의 정상 검사치와 비교하고 성별 차이를 파악하며 검사치를 노인병 진료에서 임상적 활용이 가능한 자료로 사용할 목적으로 본 연구를 실시하였다. 영남의료원 종합검진센터에서 검진을 받았던 사람 중 만 60세 이상이며 검진 결과 건강하다고 판정된 617명의 피검자를 노인군으로 선정하였고, 동일한 시기 및 장소에서 검진을 받고 정상으로 판정된 20세이상 35세 이하의 피검자 1,791명을 청장년군으로 선정하였다. 평균 연령은 노인군은 63.8세(60세 - 83세)였고 대조군은 31.1세였다. 대조군에 비해 평균적혈구용적, 평균적혈구혈색소량, 적혈구침강속도, C-반응성 단백, AST,ALT, ${\gamma}$GTP, 알칼리성 포스파타제, BUN, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방 농도는 남녀 모두 노인군에서 유의하게 높았으며 임파구(%), 총 빌리루빈과 직접 빌리루빈, 총 단백질, 알부민, 삼요오드타이로닌 농도는 노인군에서 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 혈색소도는 노인군에서 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 혈색소량, 혈소판, 티록신 수치는 남자 노인군에서 유의하게 낮았으며, 호산구(%), 크레아틴닌은 여자 노인군에서 유의하게 높았다. 고밀도 단백 농도는 남자 노인군에서 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.01), 백혈구 수, 호중구 수(%), 단핵 세포구(%), 갑상선 자극 호르몬 농도는 남녀 모두 노인군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 노인에서의 임상병리 검사의 정상치는 청장년의 정상치와 차이가 나는 항목이 많은 것으로 생각되며 성별에 따라서도 큰 차이를 보이는 검사가 있었다. 노인병의 진료시 혈액, 생화학적 검사의 해석에서 이러한 차이가 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각되며 앞으로 보다 많은 수의 대상 및 검사에 영향을 미치는 변수를 고려한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10193-10198
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• 2015

Background: Cancer is a major cause of mortality in developing countries and correct and valid information about the epidemiology of this disease is the first step in the planning of health care in each region. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency, mean age and sex ratio of the most 10 common non-skin cancers in the world and Iran, among patients referred to an oncology clinic. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Mashhad, north east of Iran. The data obtained from the records of patients referred to the private oncology center between the years of 1985-2012". According to the latest report of GLOBOCAN study commonest malignancies included were lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, stomach, liver, cervix, esophageal, bladder cancers and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Results: A total of 4,606 cases were analyzed. The mean age was $55.5{\pm}13.8years$ (male: $59.5{\pm}13.9$, female: $52.6{\pm}12.9$). Overall, breast cancer (1,264 cases, relative frequency of 27.4%) was the most prevalent cancer; however the mean ages of diagnosis were not significantly different between 5-year time period divisions (p=0.290). The most common cancer in men was esophageal cancer (26.3%).The lowest mean age was related to women diagnosed with breast cancer ($48.5{\pm}11.8$) and men with non-Hodgkins lymphoma ($48.4{\pm}17.8$). There were statistically significant differences between the mean age of men and women with gastric (p=0.003) and esophageal cancers (p<0.001). Male to female sex ratios in our study for bladder, lung and stomach cancers were 6.57, 2.60 and 2.50 respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that breast cancer tends to be found in younger female patients and bladder cancer appears more often in men. Screening in target population in addition to early diagnosis may reduce death and disability.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7445-7449
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the one of the most common cancers in women. It is also a leading cause of death. Unfortunately, some patients initially present with distant metastases and are diagnosed with stage IV disease that is nearly always, by then, incurable. This retrospective analysis investigated the risk factors for stage IV BC that may underlie such late presentation. Materials and Methods: In all, 916 patients with BC who visited the medical oncology polyclinic of eight different centres in Turkeybetween December 2011 and January 2013 were analysed. Results: A total of 115 patients (12.6%) presented with stage IV disease. In univariate analysis; to comparing these with patients at other stages, no statistical difference was found for median diagnosis age or age at menarche (p=0.611 and p=0.820), whereas age at menopause and age at first live birth were significant (p=0.018 and p=0.003). No difference was detected in terms of accompanying diseases, use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, smoking, alcohol consumption and the rate of family history of BC between the patients (p=0.655, p=0.389, p=0.762, p=0.813, p=0.229, p=0.737). However, screening methods were employed less often, the rate of illiteracy was higher, and the rate of other cancers was higher in patients with stage IV BC (p=0.022, p=0.022, p=0.018). No statistical difference was observed between the patients in terms of tumour histopathology, and status of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor-2 receptor (p=0.389, p=0.326, p=0.949, p=0.326). Grade 3 tumours were more frequent in patients with stage IV disease (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, risk factors for stage IV breast cancer at the time of presentation were found to be age at first live birth and educational level (p=0.003 and p=0.047). Conclusions: Efforts should be made to perform mammography scans, in particular, at regular intervals through national training programs for all women, particularly those with family histories of breast and other types of cancer, and to establish early diagnosis of BC long before it proceeds to stage IV. Additionally, women's education had better be upgraded. In order to make women aware of BC, national education-programmes must be organised.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 1997

To determine the effects of endogenous and exogenous strogen on serum lipid levels, twenty nonsmoking healthy Korean women were participated in this experiment for 12 weeks. They were assigned to three groups : (1) eight women aged 22 to 30(yr) for the premenopausal(Pre) group, (2) eight, aged 49 to 60(yr) for the postmenoparusal(Pst) group, (3) four, aged 23 to 30(yr) for the oral contraceptive(OC) group which used triphasic OC formulation. Fasting blood samples representing every phase of the hormonal levels were obtained from the subjects of the Pre and the OC group. From the subjects of the Pst group, fasting blood samples were obtained once per three weeks for 12 weeks. All the serum data were adjusted for dietary effects, exercise, personality type and body mass index(BMI) by using analysis of covariation(ANCOVA). Serum lipid levels of the three groups were significantly different. While serum levels of triglycerides(TG)(p<0.0001), low density lipoprotein-chloesterol(LDL-C)/high density liporotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) ratio (LDC-C/HDL-C)(P<0.01) and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C)(P<0.001) were significatnly high in the Pst group, serum HDL-C(P0.001) level was significantly high in the Pre group. The OC group showed significantly low serum TC(P<0.0001) and LDL-C(P<0.0001) levels. There was no signidicant difference in the fluictuation of serum lipid levels during the menstrual cycle of the Pre group. However, in the OC group, serum TG level was significantly increased at phase 2(P<0.05) where exogenous estrogen administration was highest. Even though other serum lipid levels of the OC group were not significantly fluctuated according to the exogenous estrogen administration, there was a trend of increased levels of serum TC, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C and decreased level of HDL-C during the menstruation period. Also, serum TC level was high(P<0.005) and serum TG level was low (P<0.005) at the baseline of the OC group compared with the periods of OC administration. When screening and counseling the female population at risk for coronary heart disease(CHD), the result of this study suggest that in may be desirable to divide the population into several groups according to their personal physiological characteristics, such as age, OC administration, menstrual cycle and menopause, as well as general risk factors for CHD.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

유방 촬영술(Digital mammography)은 유방암의 조기 진단에서 매우 중요한 진단 방법으로서 비촉지성 유방암의 조기 발견율을 높여 유방암에 따른 여성의 사망률을 감소시키고 있다. 그 중에서도 유방 병변의 미세석회화(Microcalcification)는 조기 유방암의 진단에 있어서 중요한 병변으로 보고 되고 있으며, 선별 검사로 임상적 유용성이 확립된 상태이다. 유방 촬영술에서 미세석회화 소견은 영상의학과 전문의가 판독하여 조직 검사에서 양성 및 악성 병변에 대하여 각각 군집의 개수, 군집 당 석회화 수, 미세석회화 크기와 범위, 미세석회화 형태, 동반 종괴의 유무 등을 분석하여 최종적으로 진단을 확정한다. 그러므로 군집화된 미세석회화의 정보는 유방암 예측에 있어 임상적인 실질 정보를 가지고 있으며, 의사에게 진단을 위한 검사의 기본적인 가이드라인을 제시한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유방 촬영술의 디지털 영상에 나타난 미세석회화의 정량적인 계산을 위해서 DoG filter, Adaptive thresholding, Expectation Maximization의 3단계를 제안한다. 제안한 알고리듬을 실험을 통하여 군집화 및 각 클러스터 내의 미세석회화의 분포 개수, 길이를 측정하였으며, 임상의 사에게 디지털 유방영상의 분석을 통하여 초기 유방암 진단의 지표를 제시할 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 이는 객관적인 유방암 컴퓨터자동검출(CAD)에 사용될 수 있는 병변의 정보로서 가능성을 보였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1986

The present surveys were conducted in attempts to investigate the health situation of horses in Korea through mass-screening the samples serologically, bacteriologically and clinically. A total of 575 horses were sampled randomly, comprising 126 from the Korean Horse Affairs Association, 288 from the Korean Equestrian Federation and 161 from the Jeju ponies. Each of the samples taken was tested for diagnoses of 18 horse diseases including African horse sickness. Summarised below are the results obtained from this surveys. 1. From results of the serological survey it is evident that Korea is currently free from African horse sickness, dourine, glanders, vesicular stomatits, equine piroplasmosis, equine viral arteritis, Venezuelan encephalomyelitis and contagious equine metritis. Constant vigilence with strengthened quarantine measures is thus vital for maintaining freedom of any those diseases in Korea. 2. No clinical case was observed with any of signs or symptoms of infectious lymphangitis, anthrax and infestations with ringworm, mange or scab. However, continuous follow-up is required for establishing the evidence of no occurrence of the diseases in Korea. 3. One case of seropositive to equine infectious anemia may fully justify systematic and regular testings for the whole population of horse in Korea. 4. It is manifested that equine rhinopneumonitis, Japanese encephalitis and Getah virus infection are well established in Korea, together with the presence of equine infectious abortion(Salmonella abortus equi). This strongly entails preventive precautions before entry into Korea for the horses participating in the 1986 Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Olympics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8573-8578
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• 2016

Background: This study was guided by principles of the theoretical system of evidence-based medicine. In particular, when searching for evidence of breast cancer, a measuring scale is an instrument for evaluating curative effects in accordance with the laws and characteristics of medicine and exploring the establishment of a system for medically assessing curative effects. At present, there exist few tools for evaluating curative effects. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) refer to outcomes directly reported by patients (without input or explanations from doctors or other intermediaries) with respect to all aspects of their health. Data obtained from PROs provide evidence of treatment effects. Materials and Methods: In accordance with the tenets of theoretical medicine and ancient medical theory regarding breast cancer, principles for developing a PRO scale were established, and a theoretical model was developed and a literature review was performed, items from this pool were combined and split, and an initial scale was constructed. After a pilot survey and additional modifications, a pre-questionnaire scale was formed and used in a field investigation. After the application of statistical methods, the item pool was used to create a formal scale. The reliability, validity and feasibility of this formal scale were then assessed. Results: In a clinical investigation, 479 responses were recovered, with an acceptance rate of 95%. a combination of various methods was employed, and the items that were selected by all methods or more than half of the methods were employed in the questionnaire. In these cases, the screening methods were combined with certain features of the item, A total of four domains and 38 items were reserved. The reliability analysis indicated that the PRO scale was relatively reliable. Conclusions: Scientific assessment proved that the proposed scale exhibited good reliability and validity. This scale was readily accepted and could be used to assess the curative effects of medical therapy. However, given the limited scope of this investigation, the capacity for adapting this scale to incorporate other theories could not be determined.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2013

이 연구는 뇌성마비아동을 대상으로 감각통합중재를 실시한 연구에 대한 체계적 고찰과 메타분석을 통해 근거기반실제를 위한 자료를 제시하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 분석대상 논문을 선정한 후 집단실험설계 연구에 대해서는 메타분석을 통해 효과크기를 알아보았다. 분석대상 연구는 총 24편으로, 사례연구 7편, 단일대상연구 3편, 집단실험설계 연구 14편(무작위 임상실험설계 5편, 두 집단 비무작위연구 3편, 단일집단 비무작위연구 6편). 메타분석을 통해 실험연구의 전체 효과를 알아본 결과 0.272의 중간크기로 나타났다. 종속변수는 소근육 운동발달이, 출판여부는 출판된 논문이, 연구 설계는 두 집단 비무작위연구에서 효과크기가 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한 유아가 아동보다, 감각통합중재 프로그램은 기간이 8주, 횟수는 주5회, 시간은 90분에서 효과크기가 가장 크게 나타났다. 뇌성마비아동을 대상으로 한 감각통합중재는 중간 정도의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 감각통합의 효과를 알아보기 위해서는 연구물의 축적이 좀 더 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.