• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.247-275
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to offer the results of content analysis and qualitative study that explored the perceptions about quality nursing care of patients and families as consumers and to identify the implications of this study for quality nursing care management and research. The data was collected from 12 adult patients and 9 families who were admmitted at medical and surgical nursing unit of one university hospital in Seoul from October, 1996 to January, 1997. Research participants were asked to response "what do you think quality nursing care?" and similar questions during the interviews was performed. Data were analyzed using open coding and content analysis with frequencies and percents of attributes of quality nursing care. Attributes of quality nursing care and meaning of quality nursing care that patients and families perceived were explored. 1. The attributes of quality nursing care that patient and families perceived were categorized into 56 attributes. The highest response rate among the attributes was 'one's heart at ease' (76.2%), and the next high response rates were ranked in order 'consideration' , 'care about' (each 61.9% 'expert skill' (57.1%), 'deal with problem promptly' , 'information offer' (42.9%), 'intimate feeling' (38.1%), 'smile' 'service spirit' , 'do one's best' (each 33.3%), 'frequent visit' (23.8%), 'observe the time' (23.8%), 'direct nursing care' , 'speaking warmly' , give a hope' , 'address kindly' , 'a sense of duty' , 'good facilities' (each 19.0%), 'inquire after a patient health' , 'patient-centered nursing care' , 'showing an example' , 'professional knowledge' , 'careless moraly patient' , 'give encourage to patients' , 'good answer a question' (each 14.3%), 'do not imprudently' , 'do not disregard' , 'broad knowledge' , 'emergency treatment skill' , 'dependability' ,'consolation' giving a sense of security' , 'a self sacrificing spirit' , 'a sense of responsibility' 'hard - working', 'enough disposition of nursing staff (each 9.5%), 'improve patient's pride' and the rest attributes exhibited 4.7%, respectively. 2. The attributes that were identified in patients' data only were 8 categories, 'service sprit' (58.3 %) 'expert knowledge' , 'good answer a question' (each 25.0%), 'hard working' (16.7%), 'a warm character', 'professional attainments', 'do without reserve', 'satisfaction' (each 8.3%), 3. The attributes were identified to families' data only were 31 categories, 'speaking warmly' , 'direct nursing care', 'adress kindly', 'patientcentered nursing care', 'showing an example' (each 33.3%). 'do not imprudently' , 'do not disregard' , 'consolation', 'giving a sense of security', 'broad knowledge' , 'emergency treatment skill', 'dependability' ,'a self - sacrificing spirit', 'a sense of responsibility' (each 22.2%), 'improve patient's pride' , 'without discrimination' , 'show kindness' , 'individual nursing care', 'being with patient' , 'helping' , 'accuracy' , 'without any mistake' , 'love' , 'self - confidence', 'self possession', 'a self - denying spirit' , 'a sense of duty' , 'tighten discipline' , 'disposed room with similar patient to diagnosis', 'compensatory relationship between me dical team' , 'role of connection' (each 11.1 %). 4. The attributes of quality nursing care were integrated into 11 categories that they were 'patientcentered nursing care' (25.1%), 'expertise' (22.1%), 'caring'(18.1%), 'kindness'(11.1%L 'nurse attainments(10.1%), 'sincerity' (7.5%), 'good environment' (2.0%), 'effective organizational management', 'coordination', 'enough nursing staff' ( each 1.0%), 'satisfaction' (0.5%) were showed in the order of the highest rate. 5. The concept of quality nursing care were defined as 'give a satisfaction to patients by patientcentered care based on professional skill and caring with kindness and sincerity'. The description of the meaning of quality nursing care provided by this research participants, patients and families can provide important information for quality nursing care management, medical marketing, education and researches of this field. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made: to suggest to utilize this results for patient care in practice setting, development of quality assessment tool in nursing care, repeat study by the same subjects and method, and to a comparative study by the same method to nurse.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 1997

Enuresis is repeated involuntary or intentional voiding of urine into bed or clothes over age 5. Though it would be a self-remitting disorder, it could be serious problem in emotional and socio-adaptational aspects. The author reviewed the enuretic patients of Child & Adolescence psychiatric section in Chungnam National University Hospital during past 3 years. 46(4.9%) of 936 patients were diagnosed as enuresis in DSM-Ⅳ. The author evaluated their comorbidity by the data of diagnostic review made in two psychiatrists, and emotional aspects(self-concept, anxiety, depression) through the self-rating scales (Piers-Harris children’ self concept scales, RCMAS, state-trait anxiety inventory for children, child’s depresson inventory). Thirty(65.2%) of the 46 enuretic patients had additional diagnoses such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder, mental retardation, encopresis, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, autism, somatoform disorder, tic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep disorder, etc. Sixteen enuretic patients had at least one comorbid disorder. Eleven patients had two, and three patients had more than three. Fourteen of 46 enuretic patients were evaluated through self-rating scales of self-concept, anxiety and depression. But we couldn’t obtain meaningful results. Maybe it was due to the small sample size(N＝14) and the influence of the comorbid disorders. Finally, it was an impressive evidence that there exist many comorbid disorders in enuresis(esp. attention deifict/hyperactive disorder). In emotional aspects, the author thought that further evaluation should be needed for more meaningful results.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 1974

A considerable change of the Korean nursing system has been made during the last decade not only in its philosophy but also in its function and structure to meet political and scientific need of the modern society. The main purpose of this study is to develope the new concept of comprehensive nursing care, both its Philosophy and ethics, as the basic of modern clinical nursing theory and practice. Comprehensive nursing care is the concept of human centered nursing care, and it helps a man to meet the basic physical, psychological, environmental, socioeconomic and teaching needs. It also helps him to help himself to meet these needs. This concept starts from the individualized nursing care and its ultimate goal is to improve a man to have a better position in his own community so that he may able to have a meaningful life. To accomplish this goal, an individualized nursing care plan as a nursing diagnosis and problem solving method should be set up for different patients with similar diagnosis to meet their needs, because each patient has a different social background. from this viewpoint, nursing is a science as well as abstruse humanity. The performance of comprehensive nursing care is a goal and issue of modern clinical nursing care. If nursing is a science and a profession for man, it should have ethics which recognize the dignity of man and offers infinite service voluntarily, and should be able to show leadership in carrying out the nursing responsibility. This leadership finds a person's potential and encourages him to utilize it. Such concepts should develop into a nursing ideology and this ideology should become a priority in comprehensive nursing care. The following statements are the conclusion of this study. 1) Modern nursing has been developed from disease centered nursing care to comprehensive nursing care based on humanity. The primary principle of nursing was to assist in the treatment of disease, but it has been changed to the professional nursing system independently. 2) The concept of nursing is one of continuous or endless scope of dispersion. It proves that nursing is grasping the professional responsibility to be able to coordinate scientific principles Patient health problems are according to scientific principles rather than adhering to nursing technical discipline as a daily work. 3) In chapter I and Ⅱ, the philosophy and ideology of nursing have been discussed and the flow of concept of clinical nursing and the rate of progress which emerges from naturalizing performance of the concept of comprehensive nursing in clinical nursing studied. The discussion developed the theory that a nurse should be to embody nursing ideas and objectives by establishing definite conviction of professions and study. 4) In chapter lil, nursing planning based on nursing diagnosis as a method to attain ideal nursing care for humanity with a definite idea of establishing philosophy of nursing was presented. 5) From the result of survey on patient needs about treatment and nursing, it was observed that all patient had emotional stress from unknown factors. Therefore it was concluded that nurses should not only educate the patient but also give them the opportunity to communicate freely their needs and anxieties. Furthermore complaints and doubts of the patient should be carefully noted and must be considered to meet these needs. 6) Patient teaching is the most important part of comprehensive nursing care. In chapter, Ⅲ, the important of patient teaching was emphasized by demonstrating the effect of patient teaching for diabetic patient. 7) In Chapter Ⅳ, from the result of the study on nurses attitudes to comprehensive nursing care, it was pointed that the evolution of nursing education and the establishment of a complete concept and value of comprehensive nursing was necessary.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.117-128
• /
• 2016

In order to extend FOO, this research has the object to demonstrate existing the difference of transferred essence and value between the types of factories(Original factory vs Extended factory). A safety product should save consumers from possible harm or risk, but it sometimes gives directly some damage to consumers. For example, like the issue of a germicide problem in 2016, a germicide killed consumers because of harmful chemistry even it should kept their health. This situation refer to 'Safety product betrayal', we expected that safety product betrayal presence/absence conditions moderate the relationship between types of factories, transferred essence and value. We selected a car air-bag as a safety product for study and implemented one study with total 213 participants. As a result, the participants evaluated the value of an air-bag manufactured throughout an original factory higher than the value of an air-bag manufactured throughout an extended factory. Futhermore, they evaluated the transferred brand essence of an original factory's air-bag higher than an extended factory's. However, in the safety product betrayal presence condition, the difference of value and transferred essence between an original factory and an extend factory was disappeared. Indeed, once consumers experienced or saw safety product betrayal, they avoided to buy or use safety products. Therefore, consumers evaluated the value and transferred essence of betrayed safety products is low without the types of manufacturing factories. From the past to now, there was no paper about the relationship between the types of manufacturing factories(Orignal factory vs Extended factory) and safety product betrayal in Korea. Therefore, this research on FOO and safety product betrayal can give new theoretical and operational contribution. In the conclusion, we discussed the contribution of the study results and proposed the limitation and future study.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.171-182
• /
• 2018

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the crops widely planted in tropical and subtropical areas. The papaya fruit has low calories and are plentiful in vitamins A and C and in minerals. A major problem in papaya production is a plant disease caused by the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). The first PRSV-resistant GM papaya expressing a PRSV coat protein gene was developed by USA scientists in 1992. The first commercial GM papaya cultivars derived from the event was approved by the US government in 1997. Development of transgenic papayas has been focused on vaccine production and limited agricultural traits, including insect and pathogen resistance, long shelf life, and aluminum and herbicide tolerance. Approximately 17 countries, including the USA and China, produced transgenic papayas and/or commercialized them, which provoked studies on biosafety assessment and development of GM-detection technologies. For the biosafety assessment of potential effects on human health, effects of long-term feeding to model animals have been studied in terms of toxicity and allergenicity. Studies on environmental safety assessment include influence on soil-microbial biodiversity and transfer to soil bacteria of GM selection markers. Many countries, such as Korea, the European Union, and Japan, that have strict regulations for GM crops have serious concerns about unintended introduction of GM cultivars and food commodities using unauthorized GM crops. Transgene- and/or GM event-specific molecular markers and technologies for genomics-based detection of unauthorized GM papaya have been developed and have resulted in the robust detection of GM papayas.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2000

Purpose: The purpose of our study is to provide useful information for the prevalence of obesity by the standard weight for height and the relationship of the body image to dieting methods for weight control in children. Methods: The survey was performed by an anthropometry and a special questionnaire on children in grades 5 to 6 at elementary schools from May to June 1997 in Kwangju city. Results: 1) Selected individuals were categorized into obese, normal, thin by the standard weight for height and body image. The prevalence of obesity by the standard weight for height was 19.5%, normal was 70.5%, thin was 10.1% in males and respectively 10.5%, 66.3%, 23.1% in females. The prevalence of obesity in regards to body image was 18.4%, normal was 58.4%, thin was 23.2% in males and respectively 24.5%, 58.6%, 16.9% in females. 2) The obese body image was 6.8% in normal and thin groups in males and 19.4% in females. The body image of obese children who do not perceive themselves as obese was 32.6% in males and 28.7% in females. 3) The standard body image was 88.8% as realized by themselves, 77.9% when they compared themselves to friends, 62.7% as told by parents, 56.8% as told by friends, and 29.9% when they compared themselves to celebrities. 4) The source of information for dieting treatment was 44% from radio and television, 30% from books, newspapers, magazines, 17% from family and 9% from friends and seniors. 5) The prevalence of dieting according to the standard weight for height was 18.0% in thin, 18.7% in normal and 36.7% in obese group in males and respectively 17.8%, 22.4%, 46.3% in females. There was a statistically significant correlation between males and females (p<0.0005). 6) The prevalence of dieting up to 2 weeks in the thin and normal groups as recognized by weight centile was 17.3% according to body image. The prevalence of dieting up to 2 weeks in the obese groups was 37.2% according to body image (p<0.001). Conclusion: We suggest that many students perceived their body size incorrectly and tried weight control. The incorrect perception of body size seems to cause the problem of failure to thrive, malnutrition etc. It is necessary for further study to find and prevent side effects by unnecessary weight control and to provide proper health education and management about obesity.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Obesity has recently emerged as a significant health problem in the pediatric population, and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing in tandem with a significant rise in childhood obesity. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify the risk factors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese children. Methods: We enrolled 84 obese children who visited the pediatric obesity clinic at Yeung-Nam university hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on their alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (separated at 40 IU/L), and the mean of ages, total cholesterol levels, HDL-cholesterol levels, LDL-cholesterol levels, triglyceride (TG) levels, as well as the mean obesity index, and body fat percentage of the two groups were then compared. Results: When the mean of ages ($10.5{\pm}1.6$ vs. $10.7{\pm}2.0$ years), total cholesterol levels ($183.0{\pm}29.1$ vs. $183.7{\pm}31.3$ mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol levels ($53.0{\pm}10.2$ vs. $55.7{\pm}13.0$ mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol levels ($113.4{\pm}30.2$ vs. $113.0{\pm}30.0$ mg/dL), triglyceride levels ($99.4{\pm}62.9$ vs. $114.2{\pm}47.3$ mg/dL), obesity indexes ($44.7{\pm}12.2$ vs. $47.9{\pm}15.1%$), and body fat percentages ($32.7{\pm}5.0$ vs. $34.0{\pm}4.8%$) of group 1 (ALT${\leq}$40 IU/L) were compared with those of group 2 (ALT${\geq}$41 IU/L), no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). However, hypertriglyceridemia (TG${\geq}$110 mg/dL) was more frequent in group 2 than in group 1 (p=0.023). Conclusion: TG may be an important risk factor in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and further study regarding the risk factors in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is required.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.1 s.68
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2005

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem worldwide. Although a tremendous amount has been known about HBV, there have been obstacles in the study of HBV due to the narrow host range of HBV limited to humans and primates. In the present study, we investigated the susceptibility to HBV infection of mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa-1c1c7. In addition, based on that human hepatocytes infected by HBV increase the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-a, the inducibility of TNF-a expression by HBV in the cells was determined. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion was measured by the microparticle enzyme immunoassay and steady state mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative competitive RT-PCR. Transient transfection of Hepa-1c1c7 cells with HBV expression vector resulted in a dose-dependent induction of TNF-a expression. Infection of Hepa-1c1c7 cells with the serum of HBV carrier also increased TNF-a mRNA expression. Both in the transfected and infected cells, HBV mRNA was expressed and significant HBsAg secretion was detected. There was no significant variation in $\beta-actin$ mRNA expression by HBV. These results demonstrate that HBV is infectious to Hepa-lc1c7 in vitro and the viral infection induces TNF-a expression, which suggests that Hepa-lc1c7, a mouse hepatoma cell line, may be a possible model system for analysis of various molecular aspects of HBV infection.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is comparison of clinical outcomes in ACL reconstruction between auto-hamstring tendon and allo-tibialis anterior tendon. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, we included 60 subjects who underwent ACL reconstruction using 30 hamstring autograft(mainly, national health insurance) and 30 tibialis anterior allograft(including MVA and industrial injuries) between May 2003 and June 2005 by a single surgeon, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Outcome measurements were the range of motion, the Lachman test, the IKDC score, the Lysholm score, KT-1000 arthrometer and one-leg hop test. Results: For all the cases, the range of motion was above 135 degrees. The Lachman test, KT-1000 arthrometer and one-leg hop test showed no significant difference between two groups. The IKDC score of auto-hamstring group($87.840{\pm}2.106$) was significantly higher than that of allo-tibialis anterior group($85.273{\pm}2.782$). The Lysholm score of auto-hamstring group($88.067{\pm}2.586$) was also significantly higher than that of allo-tibialis anterior group($85.300{\pm}3.030$). Conclusion: The results of ACL reconstruction using the auto-hamstring tendon and allo-tibialis anterior tendon showed no significant difference in objective items but auto-hamstring group showed better results in subjective scoring. This difference may result from individual factors such as economic problem, secondary gain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.773-780
• /
• 2020

With the development of the 4th industrial, research is being conducted to prevent diseases and reduce damage in various fields of science and technology such as medicine, health, and bio. As a result, artificial intelligence technology has been introduced and researched for image analysis of radiological examinations. In this paper, we will directly apply a deep learning model for classification and detection of pneumonia using chest X-ray images, and evaluate whether the deep learning model of the Inception series is a useful model for detecting pneumonia. As the experimental material, a chest X-ray image data set provided and shared free of charge by Kaggle was used, and out of the total 3,470 chest X-ray image data, it was classified into 1,870 training data sets, 1,100 validation data sets, and 500 test data sets. I did. As a result of the experiment, the result of metric evaluation of the Inception V3 deep learning model was 94.80% for accuracy, 97.24% for precision, 94.00% for recall, and 95.59 for F1 score. In addition, the accuracy of the final epoch for Inception V3 deep learning modeling was 94.91% for learning modeling and 89.68% for verification modeling for pneumonia detection and classification of chest X-ray images. For the evaluation of the loss function value, the learning modeling was 1.127% and the validation modeling was 4.603%. As a result, it was evaluated that the Inception V3 deep learning model is a very excellent deep learning model in extracting and classifying features of chest image data, and its learning state is also very good. As a result of matrix accuracy evaluation for test modeling, the accuracy of 96% for normal chest X-ray image data and 97% for pneumonia chest X-ray image data was proven. The deep learning model of the Inception series is considered to be a useful deep learning model for classification of chest diseases, and it is expected that it can also play an auxiliary role of human resources, so it is considered that it will be a solution to the problem of insufficient medical personnel. In the future, this study is expected to be presented as basic data for similar studies in the case of similar studies on the diagnosis of pneumonia using deep learning.