• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2019

Although the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) calculates oral health functional restriction rate and chewing discomfort rate every year, these two indicators are not all indicators of oral health. Therefore, indicators are needed to subdivide by age group and cover dental caries, periodontal disease, remaining teeth, and oral care use. The purpose of this study is to identify the key indicators of oral health in mature and middle age. The average number of existing natural teeth, the rates of 20 or more natural teeth, complaints of chewing discomfort, oral examination, periodontal disease and dental caries, were analyzed using KNHANES VI (2013-2015) as a complex sample. In the age group between 40 and 64, there were 25.2 natural teeth remaining, 91.4% natural teeth retention rate, 23% chewing discomfort rate, 34.7% oral examination rate, 38.7% periodontal disease prevalence, 6.46 the number of caries experience teeth, 21.4% interdental brush usage rate.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.332-338
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• 2022

This study proposes a battery state-of-health estimation method by applying a feature extraction technique. The technique that can improve estimation performance is the process of identifying and extracting meaningful data. To apply a data-driven-based aging state estimation method to batteries, health indicators are used as training data. However, limitations occur in extracting health indicators from charge/discharge cycles. This study proposes a deep-learning-based battery state-of-health estimation method that applies feature extraction techniques to compensate for this problem. According to the performance evaluation result of the proposed method, it has a low estimation error of 0.3887% based on an absolute error evaluation method.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.477-488
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• 2007

Prevalence of an obese population has been increasing in Korea. Obesity is considered a major risk factor for chronic degenerative diseases. Specifically, prevalence of obesity is prominent for adult woman in Korea. In many weight control programs, weight change did not often show any beneficial effects for health. These facts discourage people in the program. Thus in this study, the anthropometry, blood pressure, serum biochemical indices and dietary habits were compared by percent body fat change for adult women to show the beneficial effects of the weight control program. Study subjects were 134. Measurements were done before and after the weight control program. Percent Body Fat (PBF) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Using PBF changes, subjects were grouped as I (more than 1% increase), M (${\pm}1%$ change), and D (more than 1% decrease). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Among the 134 participants, 13 increased their weight and 100 decreased. For PBF, 19 increased and 59 decreased. Statistical significant differences were shown for anthropometric assessments before and after for all weight, fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. I had increases, and D shows decreases. But the difference of D is large than M. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose decreased in all groups but were statistically significant only in D. Also triglyceride decreased in D (p < 0.05). Thus health conditions showed desirable changes in I < M < D in order. Dietary habit changes were desirable with only D. Weight, BMI and other indicators for obesity is not the real indicator for PBF. Recently it is easy to measure PBF. Thus, for weight control programs and to show benefits of the program, PBF is a good indicator for adult women in Korea.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.285-299
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• 2020

Long term structural health monitoring has gained wide attention among civil engineers in recent years due to the scale and severity of infrastructure deterioration. Establishing effective damage indicators and proposing enhanced monitoring methods are of great interests to the engineering practices. In the case of bridge health monitoring, long term structural vibration measurement has been acknowledged to be quite useful and utilized in the planning of maintenance works. Previous researches are majorly concentrated on linear time series models for the measurement, whereas nonlinear dependences among the measurement are not carefully considered. In this paper, a new bridge health monitoring method is proposed based on the use of long term vibration measurement. A combination of the fundamental ARMA model and copula theory is investigated for the first time in detecting bridge structural damages. The concept is applied to a real engineering practice in Japan. The efficiency and accuracy of the copula based damage indicator is analyzed and compared in different window sizes. The performance of the copula based indicator is discussed based on the damage detection rate between the intact structural condition and the damaged structural condition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 1972

Protein malnutrition of children is one of the most serious nutritional deficiencies in developing country. Urea nitrogen excretion in ureotelic animals is the function most sensitive to dietary protein. The 24 hours excretion of creatinine in the urine of a given subject is remarkably constant from day to day. The creatinine excretion of different individuals of the same age and sex is also quite constant. Low ratios of urinary urea to creatinine are found children low protein intake. The foregiving world-wide investigations indicate that the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios seems to be a good biochemical indicator to distinguish among group with different levels of protein intake. The purpose of this study is to evluate an indicator of protein intake on the elementary school children ranged from 6 to 8 years of age living in rural and urban areas. Each child measured for height and weight of body. weight measured by means of a plate from scale and height by a vertical measuring rod. Biochemical test were taken from a finger-tip and urine. Hemoglobin level in the blood was measured by cyanomethemoglobin method. From the urine samples, urea nitrogen and urea creatinie were determined by Folin-Wu method and: calculate the ratio. The following result were obtained: 1) Mean of the body weight and height in urban children(Seoul) was higher and heavier than rural children(Kyunggi, Kangwon). And 12% of boys, 18% of girls in Kyunggi and 25% of boys, 22% of girls in Kangwon area weight less than 80% of Korean Physical Standard weight level. 2) The mean hemoglobin values of boys and girls in Seoul are children were 13. 3g/100ml, 13.1g/100ml and the mean of hemoglobin values in Kyunggi 12.9g/100ml of boys, 12.4g/100ml of girls, and 12.4g/100ml of boys, 12.9g/100ml of girls in Kangwon children. It is found that 22% to 24% children inrural area (Kyunggi, Kangwon) had hemoglobin level less than 12g/100ml which means anemia. 3) The mean of hematocrit level of Seoul, boys and girls children were 33.5%, 34.1% and 33.4%, 33.1%, in Kyunggi area and 33.1%, 32.9% in Kangwon area. 4) Urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios in Seoul children were 9. 0, 10. 0 of boys and girls, the ratio were 8.2, 8.0 in Kyunggi boys and girls children, and 7.5 and 7.4 in Kangwon boys, girls children. Low-income rural and upper-income urban background large differences between two groups in the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio(Seoul: Kangwon in male, female children. p<0.05, p<0.001). The urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio definetly seems to be a good indicator of the quantity of the protein intake. However, whether or not it is an indicator of the quality of the ingested protein ramains to be seen.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.248-249
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• 1999

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

Indicator bacteria of fecal pollution were enumerated and compared by various detection methods for influent and final effluent of a sewage treatment plant. Total coliforms were enumerated by four methods including most probable numbers, chromogenic enzyme substrate test, membrane filtration, and plate counts and were about $10^4$ for influent and $10^2{\sim}10^3\;CFU/ml$ for final effluent. Fecal coliforms ranged between $10^3$ and $10^4$ for influent and $10^2\;CFU/ml$ for effluent by chromogenic enzyme substrate test and membrane filtration. Fecal streptococci counts were 1-log less than fecal coliforms counts, $10^2{\sim}10^3$ for influent and $10^1\;CFU/ml$ for effluent. Total coliforms numbers by plate count both in influent and in effluent showed 1-log higher than by the other three methods. Statistical analysis revealed that numbers of total coliforms by plate count in final effluent had the highest average of correlation (r=0.778, p<0.01) compared with those by the other three methods. In addition, total coliforms numbers by plate count showed most significant correlation (r=0.835, p<0.01) with those by chromogenic test which is well-known as its highest recovery efficiency. These results suggest that the plate count would be the optimum detection method for total coliforms in wastewater treatment plants which are the only microbiological standard of final effluent from wastewater treatment plants in the Republic of Korea, considering economic aspects and difficulties in laboratories.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the articles published in the Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science from 1999 when it began to 2010. Methods: One hundred seventy eight articles were reviewed using analysis criteria developed by the researchers. Results: Thirty-one percent of the research was supported financially. The most used key concepts were in the health and environment domain. For study design, experimental studies were 50.56%, especially quasi-experimental design was most frequently used (22.47%). Selection of subjects by convenience sampling was most frequent (82.58%). The major subjects of study were adult patients (25.68%). Forty-eight percent of the research had verbal consent and 11% had written consent from the participants. Exercise was common intervention (27.87%) in experimental studies. Physiologic indicators (31.65%), cognitive indicator (25.38%), psychosocial indicator (13.21%) and physical indicator (7.31%) were frequently used as a measurement tool. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (28.99%), t-test (15.06%), chi-square test (11.69%) and ANOVA (9.89%) were most frequently used. Conclusion: The number of research papers published in the Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science has increased. Research topics varied and were mostly conducted on the basis of logical positivism. Further research should be more empirical enough to be utilized in an actual nursing care context.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.355-359
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• 2015

Hydatid disease imposing serious threat on human health and great loss in live-stock pastoralism remains a major public health problem in western China. To assess and monitor the effect of control program on transmission dynamics, we used the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered sheep at slaughterhouse as an indicator during the period of 2007 to 2013 in Emin County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The results showed a significant decline trend of prevalence in all age groups during the 7 years when the control program was implemented; particularly, the rate was reduced by 72% after first 3 years. Among the sheep slaughtered, the age distribution evidenced that the prevalence increased significantly as the sheep grew older. The baseline data indicated that the rate was 4.5% at the age <1, 6.7% at age 2~, and reached to the highest 17.9% at age ${\geq}4$ years. Earlier response to the intervention pressure was seen in the sheep at the younger age. Significant decline started from 2008 at the age <1, from 2009 at age of 1~, 2010 at 2~ to 3~, and the latest, in 2012 at age ${\geq}4$. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered sheep may be used as an indicator to assess and monitor the transmission status during and after control program providing information for betterment of performance to sustain control strength.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 2016

There has been an accelerating increase in water reuse due to growing world population, rapid urbanization, and increasing scarcity of water resources. However, it is well recognized that water reuse practice is associated with many human health and ecological risks due to numerous chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms. Especially, the potential transmission of infectious disease by hundreds of pathogenic viruses in wastewater is one of the most serious human health risks associated with water reuse. In this study, we determined the response of different bacteriophages representing various bacteriophage groups to chlorination in real wastewater in order to identify a more reliable bacteriophage indicator system for chlorination in wastewater. Different bacteriophages were spiked into secondary effluents from wastewater plants from three different geographic areas, and then subjected to various doses of free chlorine and contact time at $5^{\circ}C$ in a bench-scale batch disinfection system. The inactivation of ${\phi}X174$ was relatively rapid and reached ~4 log10 with a CT value of 5 mg/L*min. On the other hand, the inactivation of bacteriophage PRD1 and MS2 were much slower than the one for ${\phi}X174$ and only ~1 log10 inactivation was achieved by a CT value of 10 mg/L*min. Overall, the results of this study suggest that bacteriophage both MS2 and PRD1 could be a reliable indicator for human pathogenic viruses for chlorination in wastewater treatment processes and water reuse practice.