• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this case report is to describe the effect of Korean medicine therapy on patients with tension-type headaches. Methods: This study consisted of four patients with tension-type headaches. The patients were treated with Korean medicine therapies, such as herbal medicine (Gunoe-tang), acupuncture, and cupping, in addition to physical therapy. None of the patients took any analgesics during the admission period. To evaluate the effects of the treatment, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for headaches was used. Results: After the treatment, the patients' complaints decreased, as shown by the results of the NRS. Conclusion: Treatment with Korean medicine may ameliorate tension-type headaches.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 1999

The most significant factor in pathogenesis of vascular headaches like migraine and cluster headache is dynamic changes of diameters of the cerebral arteries. TCD is a valuable noninvasive tool to assess the cerebral hemodynamic status by measuring the flow velocities of the intracranial cerebral arteries around the circle of Willis. TCD can evaluate flow velocities and vasoreactivity of the patients with a vascular headache during the ictal phase as well as during intericatal phase. Distribution of the changes recorded differ between types of headaches and also between the major ictal symptoms. The changes suggest the presence of prolonged vasospasm interictally and more marked relaxation of the cerebral arteries. TCD can be used to monitor the long-term clinical course of patients with vascular headache by correlation the symptomatic improvement and TCD data before and after long-term pharmacological prophylactic treatments. During the ictal phases large intervention. The results may be used in selecting and evaluating the agents for abortive therapy for acute attacks. In conclusion TCD can quantitatively evaluate vascular headaches when making diagnosis and classification and can provide guidelines to choose more individualized therapeutic options for both acute and long-term treatment.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.427-435
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on headaches in children. Method: A quasi experimental pre-test and post (1,2,3)-test design was used. Data were collected from March 2 to April 16 2001. Forty children were assigned to an experimental (20) or control group (20). The experimental group received Hand-Acupuncture therapy on the meridian point; A30, A31, A32, A33, E8, I2, M2, M3, M5, B25, B26, B27 for each 3 minutes, while the control group rested on a bed. Data were analyzed using the SAS program with $x^2$-test, t-test, repeated measured ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Result: In the experimental group, descriptive headache intensity (f=64.33, p=0.00), numeric headache intensity (F=74.69, 122.50, 7.52. p=0.00), and medication requirements ($x^2$=19.00, p=0.00) were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for reduction of headaches. Therefore, hand acupuncture therapy can be considered an independent nursing intervention for reducing headaches in children.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.202-209
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment in persons with tension-type headaches on pain, tenderness, and functional improvement. Design: Three-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Subjects with tension-type headaches were divided into the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment group (n=11), temporomandibular joint treatment group (n=11), and cervical vertebra treatment group (n=11), and pre- and post-evaluation was performed. The temporomandibular joint treatment group underwent compression massage and joint ply of the muscles around the temporomandibular joint. The cervical vertebra group received deep tendon massage and Myofascial Release of the cervical muscles. The temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment group performed both types of treatment. Treatment was performed for 50 minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. Measurement tools included the Korean version of the short form-McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ, K), Headache Impact test-6 (HIT-6), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Digital Algometer FPX25. Results: The groups showed significant differences in SF-MPQ, HIT-6 test, NDI, and Alogometer FPX25 test scores before and after intervention (p<0.05). The differences between the groups were most significant in the group that received treatment of the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, the treatment of the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra was shown to be effective for improving pain, quality of life, and cervical vertebra in persons with tension-type headaches. This data may be helpful in identifying treatment techniques for tension-type headaches in the future.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music listening, autogenic training, and music-assisted autogenic training on the quality of life, physiological and psychological relaxation responses, and daily living in a population of migraine patients. Forty migraine patients, ranging 20 to 60 years, were referred to the researcher by their physicians and participated in the study. A convenience control-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: music listening (ML), autogenic training (AT), music-assisted autogenic training (MAT), or a control group participants, with n = 10 participants per group. The participants in experimental groups received four 30-minute sessions with an assigned treatment, once a week during a 4-week experiment period. The participants in the control group continued their regular medical treatment as prescribed by the doctor without receiving any other relaxation treatment. However, they were still aware of the research and their responsibilities for the study. The Migraine Assessment (MIDAS) and Migraine-Specific Quality of Life (MSQOL) questionnaire were used to investigate a migraine patients' quality of life collected before and after the 4-week experiment for all subjects. The physiological and psychological relaxation responses of migraine patients were measured by relaxation levels and forehead temperature recorded before and after each treatment session for the participants in three treatment conditions. The effect of the relaxation treatments on daily living of migraine patients was examined through the frequency and intensity of migraine headaches, and the amount of medication taken for migraine headaches during the 4-week experiment as recorded in participants' diary for all participants. The results found significant differences from pre- to posttest on the MIDAS, MSQOL, and relaxation levels while no significant was found among the groups. The analysis of forehead temperature showed no significant difference from pre- to posttest and among the groups. A one-way ANOVA was performed on the frequency, intensity, and amount of medication taken for migraine headaches during the 4-week experiment period. While results yielded no significant difference among the groups, the data indicate that the participants in the three treatment groups reported fewer migraine headaches, lower degrees of headache intensity, and less medication taken for migraine headaches than participants in the control group. A conclusion drawn from this study is that music listening itself as a relaxation treatment, or as an adjunct to other relaxation techniques can be effective in the treatment of migraine headaches.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2005

Headache is a common complaint in pediatric office practices as well as in children presenting to emergency departments. Children who complain of headache usually are brought to medical attention by their parents, who seek reassurance that the headaches are not a sign of a serious illness. The etiologies of headache range from school problems to brain tumors. A history taking, physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic testing will enable to distinguish primary headaches from those of a secondary etiology. The clinical, neuroimaging, and laboratory evaluation of the child with headache are reviewed here.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2002

Objective: Various psychological factors influence the occurrence of tension-type headaches. The aim of this study is to compare the level of alexithymia between tension-type headache patients and normal controls. Methods: Sixty-six subjects with tension-type headaches and 59 controls were studied. The Beck Depression Inventory and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20K) were administered to the tension-type headache group and TAS-20K to the normal control group. Results: Compared with normal controls, the tension-type headache group had significantly higher alexithymia scores. There was also significant association between the level of alexithymia and the severity of the depression in tension-type headache patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients with tension-type headaches have difficulty in expressing their emotions. And in patients with tension-type headaches, the more alexithymic they are, the more depressive.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1897-1902
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• 2019

Background: Tension-type headaches, which make up the highest proportion of headaches, are prone to develop into chronic tension-type headaches (CTTH). The characteristic of CTTH in patients is that the active myofascial trigger point (ATrP) which causes pain in the muscles of the back of the head is increased, compared to the normal headache and moves the head position forward. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of myofascial release (MFR) and posture correction in effectively improving neck function and sleep quality in the symptoms of CTTH patients. Design: Observer-blind study Methods: To reduce ATrP, MFR was applied and exercise was also applied to correct posture. The subjects of this study were 48 individuals randomly divided into three groups; The MFR group using the MFR technique; The MFR with exercise group subject to both the MFR technique and forward head position correction exercises (MFREx), and the control group. MFR and MFREx groups were given the relevant interventions twice a week for four consecutive weeks, and went through the number ATrPs, range of motion (ROM) of neck, Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the intervention. A physical therapist, who was fully familiar with the measuring methods of the equipment, was the measurer and not aware of the target's condition was blinded to take measurements only before and after intervention. Results: There was a significant improvement in the ATrP, Neck ROM, NDI and PSQI in the group of patients to whom the MFR technique and MFREx were applied. MFREx was more effective in increasing neck mobility. Conclusions: According to this study, the application of MFR is effective in improving neck movement and sleep quality in chronic tension headache patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the determinants of undiagnosed hypertension among Indonesian adults. Methods: This study involved an analysis of secondary data from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) on 5914 Indonesian adults (≥40 years). The determinant variables examined in this cross-sectional study were education level, monthly per capita expenditures (PCE), whether the participant experienced headaches in the morning, and other general health variables. The outcome variable was undiagnosed hypertension, which was defined as participants with hypertension who had not received a hypertension diagnosis from a health professional and had never been prescribed medication for treating hypertension. The data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: A total of 3322 participants (56.2%) were found to have undiagnosed hypertension. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of undiagnosed hypertension were significantly higher among those who completed primary school or lower (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.98), had low monthly PCE (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.43), did not report experiencing headaches in the morning (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.76 to 2.21), and reported a general health status of healthy (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.82 to 2.30) than those who had a higher education level, had high monthly PCE, experienced headaches in the morning, and were unhealthy. Conclusions: Education level, monthly PCE, the experience of headaches in the morning, and general health status were associated with undiagnosed hypertension. The monitoring system for detecting undiagnosed hypertension cases must be strengthened. Health promotion is also necessary to reduce the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2023

Objectives The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of headaches according to Sasang constitution among 5,764 participants residing in Ansung or Ansan in Korea. Methods The Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire was used to classify the constitution, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect headache data. The presence of headache, locations and patterns between groups were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression adjusted for age, marital status, education, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Results Results showed that 25.6% of participants had headaches, with a significantly higher prevalence in Soeumin (30.8%) compared to Soyangin (24.9%) and Taeeumin (24.3%). Soeumin had significantly higher odds ratios for headaches than Taeeumin in both crude (1.387) and adjusted (1.319) models. Headache sites showed high frequency in the order of occipital (8.1%), temporal (8.0%), forehead (5.4%), and global regions (5.4%), and Soeumin showed significantly higher odds ratios of forehead (crude: 1.616, adjusted: 1.543) and occipital pain (crude: 1.366 adjusted: 1.379) compared to Taeeumin. No significant differences in headache patterns were observed among the groups. Conclusions This study suggests that Soeumin has a higher prevalence of headaches, particularly in forehead and occipital regions, compared to other Sasang constitutions.