• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2017

본 연구는 스마트폰 사용으로 인해 발생하는 전방머리자세의 유발 스트레스를 줄이기 위한 웨어러블 센서 착용이 전방머리자세 유발을 일으키는 목세움근과 위등세모근의 근피로에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 20~30대 건강한 성인을 대상으로 하여 일반적으로 스마트폰을 사용하는 대조군, 전방머리자세에 대한 자세를 의식하며 사용하는 비착용군 그리고 웨어러블 센서를 착용하는 실험군으로 나누어 근활성도를 살펴보았다. 목세움근과 윗등세모근의 근활성도는 대조군, 비착용군, 실험군과 비교하여 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 목세움근의 근활성도의 변화는 모든 군에서 증가하였고, 윗등세모근의 경우 비착용군과 대조군에 비해 착용군의 근활성도가 증가하였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 즉 웨어러블 센서의 착용은 의식적인 자세 조절에 있어서 효과적일 수 있지만 다른 부위의 근긴장을 유발 할 수도 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a postural alignment of the cervical vertebrae that leads to increased gravitational load on cervical segmental motions. The overhead arm lift test assesses the ability to actively dissociate and control low cervical flexion and move the shoulders through overhead flexion. Objects: The purpose of this study was to explore muscle activities in the upper trapezius (UT), serratus anterior (SA), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and lower trapezius (LT) alongside changes in head position during the overhead arm lift test in individuals with FHP. Methods: Fifteen subjects with forward head posture and fifteen subjects with normal subjcects were enrolled in this study. The patients performed the overhead arm lift test, and muscle activities of the UT, SCM, SA, and LT were measured using surface electromyography and by evaluating changes in head position. Independent t-tests were used to detect significant differences between the two groups and Cohen's d was calculated to measure the size of the mean difference between the groups. Results: The FHP group demonstrated significantly increased muscle activity of the UT ($32.46{\pm}7.64$), SCM ($12.79{\pm}4.01$), and LT ($45.65{\pm}10.52$) and significantly decreased activity in the SA ($26.65{\pm}6.15$) than the normal group. The change in head position was significantly higher in the FHP group ($6.66{\pm}2.08$) than the normal group. Effect sizes for all parameters assessed were large between the two groups. Conclusion: The subjects with excessive FHP displayed were unable to fix their heads in position during the overhead arm lift test. The overhead arm lift test can thus be used in clinical settings to confirm control of the neck in these subjects.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate basic data about the effects of muscle energy technique on the shoulder complex range of motion and posture alignment in the round shoulder posture. Methods: The subjects included 15 women that gave consent to participate in the study voluntarily. They performed the muscle energy technique for 30 minutes twice. The round shoulder posture was measured with a straight edge ruler. The shoulder complex range of motion was measured with the apley scratch test. The forward head posture was measured with ImageJ. The pectoralis minor muscle length was measured with a tape measure. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the round shoulder posture both right and left (p<.05). The experiment group showed statistically significant differences in the pectoralis minor muscle length (p<.05). There were significant differences in the shoulder complex range of motion including flexion, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left side bending, and right side bending (p<.05), but no significant differences were found in extension (p>.05). The forward head posture showed significant differences in CVA changes (p<.05) and no significant differences in CRA changes (p>.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the muscle energy technique relaxed muscles around the shoulders and increased the shoulder complex range of motion. The technique is also expected to prevent pain in the neck and shoulders and lower injury risk. In conclusion, the muscle energy technique can be applied as an effective intervention for round shoulder posture.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of shoulder and neck stabilization exercise using a gym ball for healthy women in their 20s with round shoulder and forward head posture, it is intended to try and find improvement for posture. Methods: The subjects of the study were 25 women who understood the purpose of the research and voluntarily agreed to participate in the experiment. They carried out the shoulder and neck stabilization exercise program using a gym ball, which was conducted for 35 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The position of the round shoulder and shoulder bones was measured using an tape measurement and were recorded in both at pre, 2 weeks, and post intervention. The craniovertebral angle (CVA) and craniorotational angle (CRA) was measured using an image J. Results: The round shoulder posture left was statistically significantly different within group (p<.05); however, the round shoulder posture right wasn't statistically significantly different (p>.05). As a result of this contrast, test were significant different in both at pre, 2 weeks and post. The scapular position on the left and right were statistically significantly different within the group (p<.05). As a result of the contrast, test were significant different in both at pre, 2 weeks and post (p<.05). The CVA and CRA on the left and right were statistically significantly different within the group (p<.05). As a result of the contrast, test were significant different in both at pre, 2 weeks and post (p<.05). Conclusion: The gym ball exercises improved the posture of women in their 20s. Therefore, gym ball exercises can help improve the quality of life of those with shoulder and neck pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of suboccipital stretch on the head and neck posture and the electromyographic(EMG) activity of some cervical muscles. For this study, 39 patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and 34 dental students without any signs and symptoms in the masticatory system were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Head position by goniometer CROM$^{(R)}$(Performance attainment, St. Paul, USA), EMG activity by BioEMG$^{(R)}$(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA), and craniocervical posture by cephaloradiography were observed in both natural head posture(NHP) and head posture with suboccipital stretch(tuck posture) abtained from slight posteroinferior finger pressure on the chin. Variables measured on the cephaloradiograph were SN angle, atlas angle, CVT angle, occiput-atlas and atlas-axis distance, and pharyngeal width. The data obtained were analysed by SPSS windows program and the results of this study were as follows : 1. In the sagittal plane, degree of anterior rotation of the head by suboccipital stretch was 6.3 in the patients group, and 6.2 in the normal group, respectively. So there was no significant difference between the two groups for degree of anterior rotation, but the position of the head in the patients group were more posteriorly extended than in the normal group in both NHP and tuck posture. 2. EMG activity of the stemocleidomastoideus in the patients group, and that of the upper trapezius and the sternocleidomastoideus in the normal group were increased by suboccipital stretch. The range of EMG activity, however, in these cervical muscles were 1.6 -2.3)u.V. 3. Cephalometric variables such as SN angle, atlas angle, CVT angle, occiput-atlas and atlas-axis distance except pharyngeal width were generally increased by suboccipital stretch. There was some difference, however, in results between the two groups. Atlas angle was not changed in the patients group whereas CVT angle was not changed in the normal group. 4. The distance from subocciput to spinous process of axis was significantly increased as much as 3.0mm in the patients group, and 3.7mm in the normal group by suboccipital stretch.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2019

목적: 교합접촉면적에 관련된 이전의 연구들은 교합두께 수준이나 교합측정방법 상 부정확성이 한계로 지적되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 머리 위치가 교합접촉면적에 미치는 영향을 광조사교합분석법을 이용하여 조사하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 건전한 치열을 갖는 54명(남성 44명, 여성 10명, 23 - 33세)을 대상으로 시험을 진행하였다. 머리 위치와 교합접촉면적의 관계를 알아보기 위해 시험대상은 치과용 유닛체어에 세 가지 자세(누운 자세($0^{\circ}$), 기울인 자세($45^{\circ}$), 직립 자세($90^{\circ}$))로 하여 최대 교두간 접촉위를 이용하여 악간관계기록을 채득하였다. 광조사교합분석기($BiteEye^{(R)}$)를 이용하여 교합접촉면적을 분석하였다. SPSS 25.0을 이용하여 유의수준 95%에서 통계분석을 시행하였다. 결과:머리 위치는 교합접촉면적과 유의미한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다(P > 0.05). 결론: 머리 위치는 교합접촉면적에 유의미한 영향이 없으므로 교합관계가 안정적이라면 최대 교두간접촉위의 악간관계 기록 채득 시 환자의 자세는 변수가 되지 않으며 광조사교합분석기를 이용한 교합접촉면적의 측정은 재료적, 용이성 측면으로 유용하다고 할 수 있다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of shoulder exercise program for improving forward head posture. Method : Subjects were divided into two groups. The experimental group(15 people) participated in strength exercise and stretching exercise, three times every week, during 4 weeks. And the control group(the other 15 people) didn't participate in exercises. Exercise program was composed of strength exercise of middle and lower trapezius and stretching exercise of levator scapulae and upper trapezius. And then we measured cervical alignment with GPS and muscular activity by EMG. Result : The results of this study were as follows; 1. After the intervention, experimental group was significantly decreased in cervical alignment than control group(p<.05). 2. After the intervention, experimental group was significantly increased in middle lower trapezius musclar activity than control group(p<.05). Conclusion : Strength exercise of middle and lower trapezius and stretching exercise of levator scapulae and upper trapezius were considered a efficient for improving forward head posture.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate that the differences in sternocleidomastoid muscle activity, neck rotation angle, neck lateral bending angle and neck lateral bending onset time between conditions with and without visual biofeedback during neck rotation. METHODS: Ten male and four female adults with condition of forward head posture were recruited in this study. Subjects conducted to left and right maximal neck rotation under the conditions with and without visual biofeedback. During neck rotation, kinematic data of neck rotation, neck lateral bending movement, and electromyography activities of bilateral sternocleidomastold muscles were collected. Differences in dependent variables between conditions with and without visual biofeedback were analyzed using paired t-test. RESULTS: There were significant decreases in lateral bending angle, while lateral bending movement onset time was delayed significantly when applying visual biofeedback (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences in the activation of left and right sternocleidomastoid muscles and neck rotation angle between conditions with and without visual biofeedback (p>.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that visual biofeedback may be effective for axial rotation of cervical spine during neck rotation in adults with forward head posture.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neck patterns in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) for neck movement and the neck disability index (NDI) among adults with forward head posture. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. Subjects in the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise group (PNFG, n = 20) received 20 minutes of PNF neck pattern (flexion-Rt. lateral flexion-Rt. rotation followed by extension-Lt. lateral flexion-Lt. rotation) 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured using absolute rotation angle (ARA), anterior weight bearing (AWB), range of flexion and extension motions (RFEM), and neck disability index (NDI) methods before and after the 4-week intervention period. Results: There were significant effects for the PNFG, pre- and post-intervention, in ARA, AWB, RFEM, and NDI. There were significant differences in ARA, AWB, RFEM, and NDI compared with CG. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the PNF neck pattern could be beneficial for adults with forward head posture.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

Purpose : This research was carried out to find how neck exercise program combined with self stretching and muscle strengthening program influences on smart phone addicts with forward head posture. Methods : The subjects of this study were 20 smart phone-addicts with forward head posture and we divided them into 2 groups. The experimental group(10 people) participated in neck exercise program as a intervention for 3 months and the control group(the other 10 people) didn't participate in neck exercise program. Neck exercise program were composed of self stretching and muscle strengthening program. Then we measured cervical alignment with GPS(Global Posture System) and evaluated balance ability with Balance Master ver 7.0 systems. Results : The result were as follows. 1. After the intervention, experimental group were significantly more closed to normal cervical alignment than control group. 2. After the intervention, experimental group increased in dynamic balance ability a little more than control group. Conclusion : Neck exercise program seems to get cervical alignment better and improve balance ability.