• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for approximately 90% of oral cancers, has a high rate of local recurrence and a poor prognosis despite improvements in treatment. Exosomes released from OSCC cells promote cell proliferation and metastasis. Although it is clear that the biogenesis of exosomes is mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, the gene expression pattern of ESCRT, depending on the cell type, remains elusive. The exosomal release from the human OSCC cell lines, HSC-3 and HSC-4, and their corresponding gefitinib-resistant sub-cell lines, HSC-3/GR and HSC-4/GR, was assessed by western blot and flow cytometry. The levels of ESCRT machinery proteins, including Hrs, Tsg101, and Alix, and whole-cell ubiquitination were evaluated by western blot. We observed that the basal level of exosomal release was higher in HSC-3/GR and HSC-4/GR cells than in HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells, respectively. Long-term gefitinib exposure of each cell line and its corresponding gefitinib-resistant sub-cell line differentially induced the expression of the ESCRT machinery. Furthermore, whole-cell ubiquitination and autophagic flux were shown to be increased in gefitinib-treated HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells. Our data indicate that the expression patterns of the ESCRT machinery genes are differentially regulated by the characteristics of cells, such as intracellular energy metabolism. Therefore, the expression patterns of the ESCRT machinery should be considered as a key factor to improve the treatment strategy for OSCC.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2020

Inflammasomes are cytosolic, multiprotein complexes that act at the frontline of the immune responses by recognizing pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns or abnormal host molecules. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to possess multipotency to differentiate into various cell types and immunoregulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the expression and functional regulation of NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs). hUCB-MSCs expressed inflammasome components that are necessary for its complex assembly. Interestingly, NLRP3 inflammasome activation suppressed the differentiation of hUCB-MSCs into osteoblasts, which was restored when the expression of adaptor proteins for inflammasome assembly was inhibited. Moreover, the suppressive effects of MSCs on T cell responses and the macrophage activation were augmented in response to NLRP3 activation. In vivo studies using colitic mice revealed that the protective abilities of hUCB-MSCs increased after NLRP3 stimulation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome components are expressed in hUCB-MSCs and its activation can regulate the differentiation capability and the immunomodulatory effects of hUCB-MSCs.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2016

본 연구는 자기공명영상(MRI)의 건강보험 적용 전 후 이용량 동향과 이용량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 연구재료는 2004년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지 대전광역시 소재 종합병원(2차 의료기관)의 MRI 실시자료(처방 정보 전달 시스템), 보험심사자료, 건강보험요양급여자료(건강보험심사평가원)를 이용하였고, 분석대상은 2004년(건강보험 적용 전) 3,754명, 2005년 - 2013년(건강보험 적용 후) 4,107명-8,630명 이었다. 분석은 이용자 특성(성별, 연령, 검사부위, 보험유형)과 공급자 특성(진료과, 진료형태)의 MRI 건강보험 적용 전 후 이용량 비교를 $X^2$ 으로 하였고, MRI 이용량에 영향을 미치는 요인분석을 위계적 다중회귀분석으로 실시하였다. 연구결과 건강보험 적용 초기에 한시적으로 이용량이 감소하지만 이후 꾸준히 증가하였다. 특히 여성의 검사 율, Head & Neck의 검사 율, 일반수가적용 환자의 검사 율, 내과의 검사율, 입원환자의 검사 율이 건강보험 적용 전에 비해 증가하였다. 그리고 MRI의 건강보험 적용은 검사 율 증가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다(P<.0001). MRI 검사 율이 증가하는 만큼 국민의료비 감소를 위해 건강보험 적용 확대가 적극적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2000

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of treatment with a focus on the effectiveness of the two primary techniques of radiation used for treating parotid gland malignancies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 70 patients with parotid gland cancer treated between 1981-1997. Radiation was delivered through an ipsilateral field of high energy electron and photon in 37 patients(52.9%). Two wedge paired photon was used to treat in 33 patients(47.1%). The median dose was 60 Gy, typically delivered at 1.8-2.0Gy per fraction. The median follow-up times for surviving patients was 60 months. Results: The overall and disease free 5 year survival rates were 71.6% and 69.5%, respectively. Wedge paired photon and photon-electron treatment disease tree 5 year survival rates were 61.1% and 80.5%, respectively. Overall local failure rate was 18.6%. Local failure rate of wedge paired photon technique was higher than that of mixed beam technique. Late complication rate was 37.1%, but most of them were mild grade. Conclusion: Techniques of radiation were associated with local control. The technique of using an ipsilateral field encompassing the parotid bed and treated with high energy electrons often mixed photons was effective with minimal severe late toxicity. To irradiate deep sited tumors, we consider 3-D conformal treatment plan for well encompassing the target volume.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.784-790
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations among various radiological parameters used to determine cervical alignment from cervical spine radiographs (X-CS) and cervical spine computed tomography (CT-CS), both within and between modalities. Methods : This study included 168 patients (≤60 years old) without a definite whole spine deformity who underwent CT-CS and X-CS. We measured occipital slope (O-s), C1 slope, C2 slope, C7 slope, sella turcica - C7 sagittal vertical axis (StC7-SVA), spino-cranial angle, T1 slope, and C27-SVA. We calculated the O-C2 angle, O-C7 angle, and C2-7 angle from the measured parameters and conducted correlation analyses among multiple parameters. Results : The intrinsic correlation features among multiple cervical parameters were very similar for both X-CS and CT-CS. The two SVA parameters (C27-SVA and StC7-SVA) were mainly influenced by the upper cervical slope parameters (r=|0.13-0.74|) rather than the lower slope cervical parameters (r=|0.08-0.13|). The correlation between X-CS and CT-CS for each radiological parameter was statistically significant (r=0.26-0.44) except for O-s (r=0.10) and StC7-SVA (r=0.11). Conclusion : The correlation patterns within X-CS and CT-CS were very similar in this study. The correlation between X-ray and CT was statistically significant for most radiological parameters, and the correlation score increased when the horizontal gaze was consistently maintained. The lower cervical parameters were not statistically associated with translation-related parameters (C2-7 SVA and StC7-SVA). Therefore, the upper cervical segment may be a better predictor for determining head and neck translation.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

Purpose: The term "intentional injuries" refers to a spectrum of injuries resulting from self-inflicted injuries, interpersonal violence, and group acts of violence. Intentional injuries are underreported in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the characteristics of intentional injuries in patients who presented to the emergency department of a primary trauma center in Medina, Saudi Arabia in 2013. Methods: A prospective cohort database analysis of the clinical patterns and treatment outcomes of 252 patients who had intentional injuries between January and December 2013 was done. Results: The proportion of trauma patients with intentional injuries was 1.3%. The mean age was 34.2±9.4 years, 141 patients (56.0%) were male, and 111 (44.1%) were female (male to female ratio, 1.27:1). The majority (n=159, 63.1%) of injuries occurred at night. Most occurred outside the home (n=180, 71.0%). Financial problems (n=62, 24.6%) and social disputes (n=61, 24.2%) were the most common reasons. Sharp objects (n=93, 36.9%) were the most common weapons used. The head and neck were the most commonly injured areas (n=63, 54.4%). Superficial cuts (n=87, 34.5%), were the most common type of injury. Suturing of wounds (n=54, 21.4%) and surgical debridement (n=47, 18.7%) were the most commonly performed modalities of management. Conclusions: We conclude that intentional injuries in Saudi Arabia are a health care hazard that is, unfortunately, underreported. The clinical pattern is similar in most aspects to international reports but differs in certain features due to the specific religious and conservative characteristics of the community. Nationwide clinical studies are strongly recommended.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic patterns of maxillofacial prosthetic treatment to identify the characteristics and geographic distribution of patients with maxillofacial prosthetics in the capital region of Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective analytical multicenter study was performed by chart reviews. This study included patients who visited the department of prosthodontics at four university dental hospitals for maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation. Patients with facial and congenital defects or with insufficient medical data were excluded. The patients were classified into three categories based on the location of the defect. Patients' sex, age, and residential area were analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05 was used to analyze the variables. RESULTS. Among 540 patients with maxillofacial prosthetics, there were 284 (52.59%) male patients and 256 (47.41%) female patients. The number of the patients varied greatly by hospital. Most patients were older than 70, and the most common defect was a hard palate defect. Chi-square analysis did not identify any significant differences in sex, age, and distance to hospital for any defect group (P>.05). CONCLUSION. The results of this study indicated that there was imbalance in the distribution of patients with maxillofacial prosthetic among the hospitals in the capital region of Korea. Considerations on specialists and insurance policies for the improvement of maxillofacial prosthetics in Korea are required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3605-3609
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• 2012

Lung cancer seriously threatens human health, so it is important to investigate gene expression changes in affected individuals in comparison with healthy people. Here we compared the gene expression profiles between smokers with and without lung cancer. We found that the majority of the expressed genes (threshold was set as 0.1 RPKM) were the same in the two samples, with a small portion of the remainder being unique to smokers with and without lung cancer. Expression distribution patterns showed that most of the genes in smokers with and without lung cancer are expressed at low or moderate levels. We also found that the expression levels of the genes in smokers with lung cancer were lower than in smokers without lung cancer in general. Then we detected 27 differentially expressed genes in smokers with versus without lung cancer, and these differentially expressed genes were foudn to be involved in diverse processes. Our study provided detail expression profiles and expression changes between smokers with and without lung cancer.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1993년도 제27차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.92-92
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• 1993

방사선 치료가 인체의 세포면역 기능의 감소를 유발한다는 사실은 잘 알려져 있지만 방사선 치료에 의한 정확한 변화양상과 이러한 변화가 치료후 언제까지 지속되는지에 관하여서는 잘 모르는 실정이다. 방사선이 말초혈액 림프구 아집단 분포양상에 미치는 영향에 관한 결과는 이전에 보고하였으나 저자들의 결과는 단순히 치료 후 일정 시점에서 림프구 아집단의 분포양상을 알아보는데 그쳤다. 이에 저자들은 방사선 치료 후 두경부 악성종양 환자의 림프구 아집단의 분포 분율뿐 아니라 아집단 림프구 수의 변화를 분석하고, 이러한 변수들이 치료 후 시간에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 총 21명의 환자를 대상으로 방사선 치료 전, 치료 후, 치료 후 3개월, 6개월, 1년에 각각 말초혈액을 채취하여 단핵구층을 분리한 후 유세포 분석기를 사용하여 림프구 아집단의 분포양상을 분석하였고 또한 각 환자군에서 전체 림프구의 수를 산출하여 각 군의 아집단 수를 산출한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 일반적으로 자연살세포를 제외한 모든 림프구 아집단의 분포양상과 수가 감소하였으며 이러한 변화는 치료 후 6개월간 지속된 후 점차 회복되는 경향을 보였고 자연살세포는 치료 후 림프구내의 분포 분율은 증가하였으나 수의 변화는 없었다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 1998

1) 저자들이 경험한 상악동의 비편평세포암은 선양낭성 암종이 4례로 가장 많았으며, 그 외 선암종 3례, 미분화세포암 3례, 횡문근육종 2례, 골육종 1례, 이행세포암종 1례, 신경내분비세포암종 1례, 섬유성조직구암종이 1례였다. 2) 경부림프절 전이는 총 16례중 횡문근육종 1례와 선양낭성암종 1례에서 있었으며, 모두 종양의 T병기가 T4인 경우였다. 경부림프절 전이가 없었던 경우는 선양낭성 암종1례를 제외하고는 선택적 경부곽청술은 시행하지 않았으며, 추적 관찰도중 원발병소 치료후 경부림프절에서의 잔존암 및 재발은 없었다. 3) 선양낭성암종의 경우, 4례중 3례에서는 수술적 절제를 하였고, 1례에서는 방사선치료후 구제수술을 시행하였으며, 3례가 무병생존 중으로 광범위한 수술적 제거와 더불어 상악신경 하악신경 및 비디안신경을 통한 전파 및 미세잔존암이 의심될 경우 방사선 치료의 병합이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 4) 선암종의 경우 3례중 2례는 low-grade로서 수술과 방사선 치료의 병합요법을 시행하여 무병생존 중이고 1례는 high-grade로서 수술적 절제가 불가능하여 화학요법과 방사선치료의 병합요법후 구제수술을 한 경우로 현재 유병생존 중으로 광범위한 수술적 절제와 더불어 진행된 병기의 경우 방사선 치료의 병합이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 5) 미분화세포암의 경우 3례중 2례는 화학요법 및 방사선 치료후 구제수술을 시행하였고, 1례는 화학요법 및 방사선 치료의 병합요법만을 시행한 경우로 이중 2례가 무병생존 중으로 화학요법 및 방사선 치료에 비교적 잘 반응하며, 절제 가능한 잔존암이 남아 있는 경우 구제수술을 시행하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 6) 횡문근육종과 골육종의 경우 3례중 2례에서 광범위한 수술적 제거후 방사선치료를 병행하였으며, 현재 무병생존 중이고, 1례는 화학요법과 방사선치료의 병합요법을 시행하였으나 실패하였다. 육종의 경우 광범위한 수술적 절제가 가장 좋은 치료로 사료되며, 미세잔존암이 남아있는 경우는 방사선 치료의 병합이 필요하리라 생각된다.