• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2013

Small overlap crash caused fatal injury in real-world crash. IIHS(Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) proposed the small overlap test. The objective of this study is to analyze dummy injury criteria and dummy excursion on the sled reinforced body angle. Result of the comparisons of dummy injury criteria of a head, neck, and chest was best correlation between sled and vehicle test on base $angle+3^{\circ}$. However, lower extremity was not correlation because sled test could not copy of intrusion. There were a correlation between dummy movement and sled reinforced body angle. Sled reinforced body angle affects the lateral direction of excursion more than longitudinal excursion.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2016

The gas leak and explosion accident is able to give a fatal injury to nearby people from the explosion center and interest in effect of the explosion on the human body is increased. Accidents by Portable Butane Gas Range of a gas explosion accident occupy the most share. As a result, the injury on the human body frequently occur. However, It is situation that are experiencing difficulties in consequence analysis of explosion accidents owing to shortage of explosion power data and lack of research on the effect of the human body by the gas explosion. This paper acquire human injury data by performing the actual explosion experiment with Portable Butane Gas Range and evaluate power by explosion and effect of explosion on the human body to perform explosion simulation with LS-DYNA program. It is intended to contribute to the exact cause of the accident investigation and the same type of accident prevention.

• Advances in Automotive Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of sitting position of the driver on the whiplash neck injury have been analyzed experimentally by using hybrid III series 50 percentile male crash test dummy. A testing platform consisting of vehicle ground, driver foot rest, driver seat and a 3-point seatbelt has been prepared. This testing platform and the instrumented crash test dummy are prepared for tests according to the Euro NCAP whiplash testing protocol. The prepared test set-up has been exposed to 3 different acceleration-time loading curves defined in the Euro NCAP whiplash testing protocol by performing sled tests. 9 different sled tests have been performed with the combinations of 3 different seating positions of the crash test dummy and 3 different acceleration-time loading curves. The sensor data obtained from the crash test dummy and high-speed videos taken are analyzed according to the injury assessments criteria defined in the Euro NCAP whiplash testing protocol and the criticality of the whiplash injury is defined. It is seen that the backset distance of the driver head with the headrest and the height difference of the top of the head of the driver with the headrest have a great importance on whiplash injuries.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2016

NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) has offered consumers the vehicle safety information on their car since 1978. NHTSA believes that they contribute auto makers to develop safer vehicle for customers, which will result in even lower numbers of deaths and injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes. NHTSA has been studied why people are still dying in frontal test despite of the use of many restraints system and they understand that current test does not reflect real world crash data such as oblique and corner impact test. As a result, NHTSA announced that a new test method will be introduced to use of enhanced biofidelic dummy and new crash avoidance technology evaluation from 2019. New and refined injury criteria will be applied to Head / Neck / Chest / Lower Leg. BrIC(Brain Injury Criterion)value in NHTSA test results using THOR dummy from 2014 to 2015 was average 0.91 and 1.24 in driver and passenger dummies. IIHS 64kph SOF test is the most likely to new frontal oblique test in an aspect of offset impact which is being studied by NHTSA. In this paper, we focused on head injury, especially brain injury - BrIC and conducted IIHS 64kph SOF (Small Offset Front) test with Hybrid III dummy to evaluate the injury for BrIC. Based on the test results, these data can be predicted BrIC level and US NCAP rating with current vehicle.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2009

Purpose: Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were referred from other hospitals for further management. In addition, patients routinely underwent computed tomography examinations of the head (HCT) in the referral hospitals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the utility of routine HCT scans according to the severity of TBI. Methods: Patients with TBI referred to our hospital between December 2005 and July 2008 were included in this study. We investigated HCT findings, indications for repeat HCT examinations (routine versus a neurological change), and neurosurgical interventions. The head injury severity was divided into three categories according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, including mild, moderate, and severe TBI. The use of neurosurgical interventions between patients who underwent routine HCT scans and patients who underwent HCT scans for a neurological change were compared according to the severity of TBI. Results: A total of 81 patients met the entry criteria for this study. Among these patients, 67%(n=54) of the patients underwent HCT scans on a routine basis, whereas 33%(n=27) of the patients underwent HCT scans for a neurological change. A total of 21 patients showed signs of a worsening condition on the HCT scans. Neurosurgical intervention was required for 23(28.4%) patients. For patients who underwent routine HCT examinations, no patient with mild TBI underwent a neurosurgical intervention. However, one patient with moderate TBI and three(13%) patients with severe TBI underwent neurosurgical interventions. The kappa index, the level of agreement for HCT indications of intervention and referral reasons for intervention, was 0.65 for high hierarchy hospitals and 0.06 for low hierarchy hospitals. Conclusion: Routine serial HCT examinations in the referred hospitals would be useful for patients with severe head injury and for patients from low hierarchy hospitals where no emergency physicians or neurosurgeons are available.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

Purpose: To determine the incidence of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in Korean patients after minor traumatic brain injury. Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study of a convenience sample of patients presenting to the emergency department of a major academic Korean hospital. Patients who visited the Emergency Department for head trauma were screened. A researcher questioned the subject regarding his or her symptoms. Subjects were contacted by phone approximately 2 weeks after their Emergency Department visit and questioned about subsequent symptoms and subsequent visits for medical care. Results: Only 8% of subjects reported any post-concussion symptoms. Only 0.4% had three or more symptoms which might have met criteria for PCS. The median peak onset of symptoms was 3 days after injury. Conclusion: The incidence of PCS is Korean patients is much lower than that documented for patients in the United States or other western countries. On the other hand, this study results could give an idea that mild trauma could also cause the PCS. Further study is needed to replicate this finding and investigate possible explanations for this difference.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2015

최근에 자동차 사고발생 빈도수가 높은 정면충돌사고와 추돌사고에 대해 사회적 관심도 높아지면서 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자동차 충돌사고에서 재구성을 위한 유효충돌속도와 인체상해발생정도의 관계를 과학적으로 분석하여 관련 모형식을 제시하였으며, 인체상해가 가능한 자동차 실차실험의 한계가 명확하므로 이를 대신하여 각종 충돌실험자료와 인체실험자료 등을 심층 분석하고자 하였다. 그 결과로 정면 및 추돌사고의 경우에는 유효 충돌속도가 7 km/h 이하에서는 상해가 발생하지 않는 임계치를 나타냈으며, 충돌속도와 소성변형량 정도를 통해 상해정도가 유효충돌속도에 선형적으로 비례하는 모형식을 제시하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 새롭게 제시된 유효충돌속도와 상해발생정도의 추정모형은 사고재구성에서 최소한의 공학적 판단기준으로 활용 가능하여 법적 분쟁시 유익한 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2023

교통수단의 발전은 이동이 불편한 장애인들의 이동권 보장을 실현하였지만 차량사고시 발생할 수 있는 장애인 탑승객의 안전 향상은 일반 승객좌석에 비해 낮다고 할 수 있다. 특히 갑자기 발생할 수 있는 후방 추돌 사고의 경우 장애인 탑승객의 머리와 목 부상에 취약한 것이 현실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 휠체어 운송 차량의 후방 추돌 시 차량내 장애인 탑승객의 머리와 목 상해지수 개선을 위해 headrest를 관상면으로 3등분한 multi-layer headrest foam이 제안되었다. 간이 모델을 통한 저속 후방 추돌 해석을 통해 foam의 다양한 압축 특성을 부여하기 위한 stress scale factor의 범위가 선정되었으며, 해당 범위를 parameter로 지정하여 GA최적화가 수행되었다. 최적화결과를 통해 layer의 압축 특성에 따른 HIC와 NIC간의 상간관계 분석이 이뤄졌으며, HIC는 Front layer, NIC는 Mid layer의 압축 특성에 가장 민감하게 반응하였고 Rear layer의 압축 특성은 가장 낮게 나타났다. Validation model에 일반headrest와 최적화된 multi-layer headrest를 각각 배치하여 저속 후방 추돌 sled test 해석을 수행하였으며, 일반headrest대비 multi-layer headrest에서의 HIC와 NIC가 낮게 도출되었다. multi-layer headrest에서의 압축 거동 역시 명확하게 나타나 multi-layer headrest가 일반headrest대비 머리와 목의 상해지수 개선에 효과적인 것이 검증되었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2020

Purpose: The present study will identify risk factors for aspiration in severe trauma patients by comparing patients who showed a sign of aspiration lung disease on chest computed tomography (CT) and those who did not. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the Korean Trauma Data Bank between January 2014 and December 2019 in a single regional trauma center. The inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18 years with chest CT, and who had an Injury Severity Score ≥16. Patients with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)-chest score ≥1 and lack of medical records were excluded. General characteristics and patient status were analyzed. Results: 425 patients were included in the final analysis. There were 48 patients showing aspiration on CT (11.2%) and 377 patients showing no aspiration (88.7%). Aspiration group showed more endotracheal intubation in the ER (p=0.000) and a significantly higher proportion of severe Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (p=0.000) patients than the non-aspiration group. In AIS as well, the median AIS head score was higher in the aspiration group (p=0.046). Median oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the aspiration group (p=0.002). In a logistic regression analysis, relative to the GCS mild group, the moderate group showed an odds ratio (OR) for aspiration of 2.976 (CI, 1.024-8.647), and the severe group showed an OR of 5.073 (CI, 2.442-10.539). Conclusions: Poor mental state and head injury increase the risk of aspiration. To confirm for aspiration, it would be useful to perform chest CT for severe trauma patients with a head injury.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between symptom severity and neurocognitive factors in traumatic head injury patients. In addition, the effect of frontal lobe damage on these parameters was examined. Methods : We selected 18 patients who had brain damage for the moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (MSTBI) group, and 17 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) without the finding of brain damage for the comparison group. For the evaluation of neurocognitive function, K-WAIS, Rey-Kim Memory Test, K-FENT, WCST, and MMPI-2 were used. Results : The results of the comparison (using the malingering scale) revealed that the values of PDS and PK, which express the severity of symptoms, and the values of the validity scale F, F (B), and F (P) were significantly higher in the overly-expressed group. F (B) in overly-expressed group and PK, Pt, and Sc in the properly-expressed group had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. F (B), S, and Stroop error inhibition in PTSD, and PK, Pt, Sc, and MQ in MSTBI had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. The results of the comparison based on the finding of frontal lobe damage revealed that PDS, EIQ, and MQ ware significantly higher in the group without brain damage. Conclusions : It was revealed that each neurocognitive factor was correlated with the severity of symptoms. There was a decrease in complaints or symptoms reported by the frontal lobe injury group, and this is believed to be due to degenerative change in the personality and emotional functioning of these patients following frontal lobe damage.