• Membrane Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2004

The poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) and silica-filled PTMSP membranes were prepared by casting from a toluene solution on porous polyetherimide (PEI). FT-IR spectrum, GPC and SEM pictures have been taken to characterize the membranes. The particle size of membrane decreases as silica content of the membrane increases from 23 to 60 wt%, and a uniform distribution of the silica is observed. The separation properties of the gas mixture (32 mol% $H_2$/ 68 mol% $N_2$) through the composite membranes were studies as a function of pressure and percentage of silica. Selectivity values of $H_2$/$N_2$ increased as the pressure of permeation cell and silica content of the membrane increased. The real separation factor($\alpha$), head separation factor($\beta$), and tail separation factor((equation omitted)) of PTMSP-PEI composite membrane were 2.28, 1.58, and 1.44 respectively at $\Delta$P 30 psi and $25^{\circ}C$. $\alpha$, $\beta$, and (equation omitted) of PTMSP-Silica-PEI composite membrane for 60 wt% silica were 3.34, 1.95, 1.72 at $\Delta$P 30 psi and $25^{\circ}C$.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2003

An understanding of the cooling requirements of horticultural commodities begins with adequate knowledge of their biological responses. All fresh horticultural products are living organisms, carrying on the many biological processes that are essential to the maintenance of life. The pre-cooling is essential technique for the construction of cold chain system, which is necessary to maintain marketing quality of fresh produces during the transportation and distribution. The purpose of this study is to develop the pressure cooling tunnel using conveyer for the reduction of labor and improvement of pre-cooling efficiency. Performance of developed facility was tested for the strawberries, tomatoes and Chinese cabbages. Cooling ratio as a result of pre-cooling efficiency was 1.57, 1.56 and 1.32 for strawberries, tomatoes, and Chinese cabbages respectively. Cooling ratio decreased with increasing the distance of heat conduction from surface to center. The cooling ratio of Chinese cabbages was lower than that of fruit because of its head and leaf. In aspect of cooling uniformity, there was no significant difference of final temperature among inlet, outlet and middle layers of cold air in fresh produces. After pre-cooling treatment, quality changes were measured for the weight loss, Vit. C content, and titratable acidity. The quality of pre-cooling treatment was better than that of non-treatment and was kept on well during long-term storage.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.4 s.105
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• pp.427-433
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• 2003

We provided diagnostic characters of the adult and larval stages of two co-inhabiting species of ephemerid burrowing mayflies, Ephemera orientalis and E. sachalinensis (new record to South Korea) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), in Korean streams. E. sachalinensis (mean${\pm}$sd body length male adult 18.44${\pm}$0.70 mm, female adult 21.46${\pm}$0.45 mm) is larger in body length than E. orientalis (male adult 13.92${\pm}$0.04 mm, female adult 15.27 ${\pm}$ 0.48 mm), and can be distinguished by male genitalia, forewing markings, and stripes on the abdominal terga Vl-lX. The mature larvae of E. sachalinensis differ from those of E. orientalis in having a deeper and more divergent head frontal process. Their body size distributions and additional ecolegical findings are discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.103-114
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• 2012

This paper aims to investigate changes in Korean family structures by reflecting on the perception of traditional family rites and family systems. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 married middle-aged men (9) and women (8) who had at least one child. Findings were as follows: First, both married middle aged men and women internalized Confucianism. They thought that the head of household, who was male as far as possible, was needed for the formation of a normal family. In addition, both of married middle-aged men and women recognized married women as outsiders based on Chul-ga-we-in-sa-sang. And they put parents-children relationships ahead of couple relationships and supported Jang-ja-woo-dae-sang-sok (privileging the eldest son over the other children in terms of the distribution of family resources and inheritance based on Confucianism). However, there were some differences to support the use of Hang-ryul-ja, which is based on expressing the character of generation by sharing the first name, and the importance of Jok-bo. which is based on traditional family genealogical records. Second, even though women internalized Confucianism, they did not attach traditional meanings to memorial services for ancestors to the extent that men did and defined family members as a procreation family boundaries unlike men, who defined family boundary as original family members and procreation family members. In conclusion, even though family laws and culture have evolved from the patrilineal family system to one which promotes gender equality, married men and women internalize Confucianism. Instead, some transformations are evident from the perspective of females in terms of memorial services for ancestors and family boundaries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 1998

Thirty two Omani sheep with eight animals each of; intact males (INT), males castrated with rubber rings immediately after birth (RR), males castrated with a burdizzo at 8 weeks of age (BC) and intact females (IF) were fed ad libitum a concentrate diet (CP 16%) plus chopped Rhodesgrass hay (8% CP) from weaning until slaughter at 28 kg. INT lambs grew faster from 9 to 20 weeks of age (p < 0.05) thus they were significantly heavier at 20 weeks of age than BC and IF, but not RR lambs. INT consumed more total feed than other sex groups over the period from 9 to 20 weeks of age. There were no significant differences between lambs of all experimental groups in feed per gain ratio. INT lambs had lower (p < 0.01) dressing percentage (DP) than RR, BC and IF. As a percentage in the empty body weight (EBW), INT had higher proportions of head, feet, empty gut (p < 0.001), liver (p < 0.05) and genitals (p < 0.05) but lower proportions of lungs and trachea (p < 0.05) than BC and IF lambs. INT males had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) proportion of bone than RR and IF lambs but lower (p < 0.05) proportion of fat than RR and IF. As a percentage in EBW, IF had the highest protortion (p < 0.001) of total body fat (TBF) followed by BC and RR whereas INT males had the lowest proportion. There was a general trend of IF having the highest proportion of individual and total non-carcass fat (TNCF) and total carcass fat (TCF) followed by BC and RR lambs whereas INT lambs had the lowest protortions of individual carcass and non-carcass fat depots. There were only few sex or castration effects on carcass tissue distribution. IF had higher proportions of intermuscular fat in the chuck, plate, leg and flank than INT and BC. The current study demonstrated that castration of intensively-raised male Omani native sheep especially at weaning using a burdizzo retarded growth rate and reduced carcass quality by increasing fat content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

The effect of supplemented high protein diet intake on renal urea regulation in swamp buffalo was carried out in the present experiment Five swamp buffalo heifers weighing between 208-284 kg were used for this study. The animals were fed with a supplementary high protein diet and renal function and kinetic parameters for urea excretion were measured. This was compared to a control period where the same animals had been fed only with paragrass and water hyacinth. For 2 months the same animals were fed a mixed of paragrass, water hyacinth plus 2 kgs of a high protein supplement (protein 18.2% DM basis) per head per day. In comparison to the control period, there were no differences in the rate of urine flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), plasma urea concentration and filtered urea. In animals supplemented with high protein intake mean values of urea clearance, excretion rate and the urea urine/plasma concentration ratio markedly increased (p < 0.05) while renal urea reabsorption significantly decreased from 40% to 26% of the quantity filtered. In this same study group urea space distribution and urea pool size increased which coincided with an increase in plasma volume (p < 0.05). Plasma protein decreased while plasma osmolarity increased (p < 0.05). Both urea turnover rate and biological half-life of $^{14}C$-urea were not affected by a supplementary high protein intake. The results suggest that animals supplemented with high protein diets are in a state of dynamic equilibrium of urea which is well balanced between urea excreted into the urine and the amount synthesized. The limitation for renal tubular urea reabsorption would be a change in extra-renal factors with an elevation of the total pool size of nitrogenous substance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.393-399
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• 2017

In this paper, we compared the Radiation treatment plan of rectal cancer on 3D-conformal Radiation Therapy, Tomotherapy and Linac Based IMRT using treatment planning system and to find the optimal treatment technique. The results of the comparison of treatments are as follows. In tumor tissue absorption dose more than 95% of the dose prescription dose and normal tissues(bladder, small bowel, fumer bone head) was NOT Normal tissue complication rate(V40, V30, V20, V10) but, The most effective treatment(dose distribution) for the three treatments was tomotherapy based IMRT. The worst was 3D-CRT. If this study is applied to patients under their health status and physical environment, patient's prognosis and quality of life will improve.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2017

Water issue, especially water pollution, is a serious issue of 21st century. Being an significant technique for securing water resources, superconducting magnetic separation wastewater system was indispensable. A large bore conduction-cooled magnet was custom-tailored for wastewater treatment. The superconducting magnet has been designed, fabricated and tested. The superconducting magnet was composed of NbTi solenoid coils with an effective horizontal warm bore of 400 mm and a maximum central field of 2.56T. The superconducting magnet system was cooled by a two-stage 1.5W 4K GM cryocooler. The NbTi solenoid coils were wound around an aluminum former that is thermally connected to the second stage cold head of the cryocooler through a conductive copper link. The temperature distribution along the conductive link was measured during the cool-down process as well as at steady state. The magnet was cooled down to 4.8K in approximately 65 hours. The test of the magnetic field and quench analysis has been performed to verify the safe operation for the magnet system. Experimental results show that the superconducting magnet reached the designed magnetic performance.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2000

An experimental study has been carried out at circulating water channel to investigate the non-breaking and breaking waves generated by a submerged circular cylinder steadily moving under the free surface. Free surface profiles and pressure distributions on cylinder surface were measured at various submerged depths of cylinder. They were complemented by the measurements of velocities, head losses and turbulence intensities in the wakes of body and "breaker". Part 1 of this three-part paper describes the experimental arrangement and the patterns of wave profile and pressure distribution at various depths of submergence. These databank contributions are of special interest in traditional ship hydrodynamics. In Part 2, special focuses are made to elucidate the viscous and turbulent aspects of flow field. Finally Part 3 will deal with the visualization of instantaneous vortical flow to study the mutual interaction between vorticies shedded from the free-surface and the cylinder using a Particle Image Velocimetry.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-203
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• 2004

Objective : Tension-type headache is the most common headache. The objective of this study is to find the clinical manifestation of tension-type headache and correlation with autonomic bioelectric response. Methods : This observation was carried out on 60 patients with tension-type headache. We used headache questionnaire and the Autonomic Bioelectric Response recoder(ABR-2000) for this study. Results : 1. Distribution of sex & age : male : female=5 : 7, 50s&60s group (28.3%) 2. Duration of onset : over 5years(50%), over one years(83.4%) 3. Causes of illness : stress(58.3%), severe fatigue(53.5%), tension(33.3%) 4. Time of attack : irregular(56.7%), day time(16.7%) 5. Pattern of pain: heavy(31 people), stiffness of occipital region (27 people) tightening around the head(25 people) 6. Curve : 40%, 56.7%, 35.0% SL(Slope low) at peak 1, 2, 3/ SH&SI not found 7. Regulation : 16.7% RR(Regulation reverse) at peak 1, 25% RH(Regulation high) at peak 2, 15% RR(Regulation reverse) at peak 3 8. Graph : Activity-60.0%, 70.0%, 63.3% lowered reaction(L, LR, L!) at peak 1, 2, 3 Reactivity-83.3%, 95.0%, 93.3% lowered reaction at peak 1, 2, 3 Conclusion : We find tension-type headache has remarkable relativeness with autonomic bioelectric response.