• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.795-804
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• 2002

The optimal design code of an axial flow pump has been developed to determine geometric and fluid dynamic variables under hydrodynamic as well as mechanical design constraints. The design code includes the optimization of the complete radial distribution of the geometry by determining the coefficients of 2$^{nd}$ order polynomials to represent the three-dimensional geometry. The optimization problem has been formulated with a nonlinear multivariable objective function, maximizing the efficiency and stall margin, while minimizing the net positive suction head required. Calculation of the objective function is based on the mean streamline analysis and through-flow analysis using the present state-of-the-art model. The optimal solution is calculated using the penalty function method in which the genetic optimizer is employed. The optimized efficiency and design variables are presented in this paper as a function of non-dimensional specific speed in the range, 2$\leq$ $n_{s}$ $\leq$10. The results can be used in preliminary design of axial flow pumps.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2006

A comparison was made of population of the economically important cockle Anadara (=Scapharca) broughtoni (Bivalvia, Arcidae) inhabiting different areas of the Razdolnaya River estuary at the head of Amurskii Bay (Peter the Great Gulf, East Sea). Also, changes in cockle population density and structure, as well as in cockle growth rates during the last 20 years were studied. In all years of investigation, the morphometrical parameters and growth rates of cockles were smaller at the sites located close to the River mouth than farther down-estuary. The differences can be attributed to higher concentration of suspended particulate matter, decreased salinity and water temperature, as well as a longer exposure to these unfavorable environmental factors at sites located close to the River mouth, compared to farther sites. For two decades, cockle population density had decreased by almost 30 times at some sites in the River estuary. The main reason for this population decline is commercial over-fishing of the cockle. Besides, for the last 20 years, linear parameters of the cockles in the population decreased approximately by 30% and weight parameters, almost two times. Cockle growth rates also decreased for this period. Evidently, these facts are due to the damaging effect of dredging.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

The testis and epididymis are important organs of the male reproductive system; the functionis to produce, mature, transport, and store sperm. It is important to understand the localization and expressionof specific proteins based for the studies of its physiological processes. In this study, we investigated theexpression and distribution of galectin-3, one of beta-galactoside-binding proteins, in the testis andepididymis of mouse using western blot and imunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis revealed that theexpression of galectin-3, 29 kDa protein, was low in the testis. In the epididymis, high expression wasdetected in the body and tail part, but moderate expression in the head part. By immunohistochemicalanalysis, we found that positive localization of galectin-3 was detected in some myoid cells and Leydigin the epithelium of epididymis, especially in the epithelium of both body and tail of epididymis. Collectively,these results suggest that galectin-3 is constitutively expressed in the testis and epididymis of mouse withvarying intensity, and the role of galectin-3 in the male reproductive organ may be involved in the specificfunction of its structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1997

The clinical investigation was done in the 42 patients with bilateral vocal cord palsy who visited the otorhinolaryngologic department of the Yongdong Severance Hospital during the 10-year period between August 1986 to August 1996. On the sex and age distribution, the ratio of male to female patients was 2.8 : 1 and the age was evenly distributed and average was 46 years old. Of their chief complaints, dyspnea was the most common symptom. Among the position of the paralyzed vocal cords, paramedian position was most common. The most common causes of the bilateral vocal cord palsy was idiopathic Other causes include iatrogenic, prolonged intubation, head ＆ neck trauma, brain tumor, Myasthenia Gravis, and mediastinitis. Our treament results were as follows. Recovery rate of idiopathic bilateral vocal cord palsy was 77.7% and recovery period after bilateral vocal cord palsy was shortened remarkedly after use with steroid. We performed laser arytenoidectomy in patients with irreversible idiopathic vocal cord palsy, neural injury, and cricoarytenoid joint fixation. Decannualtion was possible to be carried out in 86% of the patients and none of complication except for 1 case of aspiration developed. Thus we concluded that it was meaningful surgical treatment of bilateral vocal cord palsy.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.608-617
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze phenomena and characteristics of family nursing in Korea based on the study by Yun et al. (1999) by ICNP. The subjects of this study were 115 reports on family nursing care in Korea National Open University. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In the phenomenon of family nursing, 'Inappropriate family coping' comprised of 17.0% and 'Inadequate care for a sick member' comprised of 16.8%. 2. It was found that 'A few close neighbors was 62.5%, 'Lack of communication between married couple' was 60.0%, 'Neglet of general child rearing' was 40.9%, 'Closed communication pattern of the head of a family' was 36.0%, and 'Inadequate distribution of each family member's role' was 27.2%. 3. 'Lack of family interaction in community' and 'Social isolation' were combined with 'Lack of family interaction in community', and 'Disturbance in family communication' and 'Lack of family intimacy' were combined with 'Disturbance in family communication'. 4. 'Dual-loading with office work and housework', 'Overload of caring one's elders because of the status as a dual-income family' and 'Lack of family support system' were added into 'Inappropriate family coping'.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1983

In this study the phenomenon of cutting stress which arises on cutting tools and work pieces in cutting process is investigated by rake angle of cutting tools and feed for this measurement, P$_{s}$-1 (high modulus, photolastic Inc.) was used as a cutting tool, P$_{s}$-3 (medium modulus, photolastic Inc.) was used as work piece and reduction apparatus was attached to the head stock, and orthogonal cutting was adapted as a cutting method and transparent glass was used to block the strain in the orientation of thickness. The followings are the results of this study. (1) Photoelastic experimental equipments have made it possible to make dynamic measurement and analyze stress distribution in cutting tool and work piece surface which has hitherto been conducted only in static measurement and analyzing method. (2) The maximum stress arising at tools and work pieces in cutting process is on the tool edge tip, and the maximum stress arising on the tip of cutting tools is equal to that on the contacting area of work pieces in values. (3) The distributions of maximum shear stress on certain parts of the cutting tools and work pieces are as follows; for cutting tools, .alpha.=12.deg., .alpha.=0.deg., .alpha.=-12.deg. in order, and for work pieces, .alpha.=-12.deg., .alpha.=0.deg., .alpha.=12.deg. in opposite order.der.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2008

Metacercariae of Acanthoparyphium marilae Yamaguti, 1934 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) were discovered in an intertidal clam, Mactra veneriformis, in a southwestern coastal area of the Republic of Korea. A total of 128 metacercariae were detected from 10 clams examined. They were round, 320 m in average diameter, with 23 collar spines. They were fed experimentally to chicks, and 10 days later adult flukes were obtained. The adults were morphologically characterized by the head collar with a single row of 23 dorsally uninterrupted spines, without special end group spines, a round ventral sucker, 2 round and tandem testes, and vitellaria extending at lateral fields from the posterior extremity not beyond the middle level of the posterior testis. The most characteristic feature of this species was the limited distribution of vitellaria, which differs from Acanthoparyphium tyosenense Yamaguti, 1939, the metacercariae of which are encysted in the same mollusk species. This is the first report in which the metacercariae of this species were detected, and the intertidal bivalve, M. veneriformis, has been identified as a second intermediate host for A. marilae.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.471-478
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• 1988

We evaluated forty cases of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries that we have experienced from Jan. 1972 to Dec. 1987. 28 patients were male and 12 were female[M:F=2.3:1]. The age distribution was ranged from 4 to 71 years with mean age of 26. The diaphragmatic injuries were due to blunt trauma in 27 cases[traffic accident 22, fall down 3, others 2] and penetrating trauma in 13 cases[stab wound 11, gun shot 1, other 1]. In the blunt injury,14 cases of 17 were diagnosed and treated within 24 hours in the left diaphragmatic injury but only 3 cases of 7 cases in the right diaphragmatic injury were diagnosed and treated within 24 hours. All cases except one in penetrating injury were diagnosed and treated within 12 hours. In the blunt injury, the rupture site was located in the left in \ulcorner7 cases and in the right in 7 cases. In the penetrating injury, the rupture site was located in the left in 11 cases and in the right in 2 cases. The repair of 37 cases were performed with thoracic approach in 20 cases, thoracoabdominal approach in 12 cases and abdominal approach in 5 cases. Over all mortality was 17.5%[7/40] and postoperative mortality was 11%[4/37]. The causes of death were hypovolemic shock[3], combined head injury[2], acute renal failure[1] and septic shock with ARDS[1].

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1629-1635
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• 2016

A novel bacteriophage, PBES 02, infecting Cronobacter sakazakii was isolated and characterized. It has a spherical head of 90 nm in diameter and a tail of 130 nm in length, and belongs to Myoviridae as observed under a transmission electron microscope. The major virion protein appears to be 38 kilodaltons (kDa) in size. The latent period of PBES 02 is 30 min and the burst size is 250. Infectivity of the phage remained intact after exposure to temperatures ranging from 4℃ to 55℃ for 1 h. It was also stable after exposure to pHs ranging from 6 to 10 for 1 h. The phage effectively removed contaminating Cronobacter sakazakii from broth infant formula. PBES 02 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 149,732 bases. Its GC ratio is 50.7%. Sequence analysis revealed that PBES 02 has 299 open reading frames (ORFs) and 14 tRNA genes. Thirty-nine ORFs were annotated, including 24 related to replication and regulation functions, 10 related to structural proteins, and 5 related to DNA packaging. The genome of PBES 02 is closely related to that of two other C. sakazakii phages, CR3 and CR8. Comparison of DNA sequences of genes encoding the major capsid protein revealed a wide geographical distribution of related phages over Asia, Europe, and America.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.269-296
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• 2006

With the concern of the potential problems which can be observed in terms of the power supply of renewable energies, we need to analyze the impact of additional power generation capacities of renewable energy sources on peak load. Each renewable energy sources are dependent upon wind speed, solar radiation, head differences caused by lunar calendar. Considering that these exogenous renewable energy sources follow their own stochastic distributions, we analyze the probability distribution of the impact of each renewable energy power supply on peak load. As a conclusion, we note that traditional tools used for the analysis of power supply such as capacity factors are no longer appropriate for the analysis of renewable energy sources in that perspective.