• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

Background: Pediatric deep neck infection can cause critical complications in that they are seldom able to verbalize symptoms or cooperate with physical examination. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics according to age. Material and Method: A retrospective study was performed on 26 cases with pediatric deep neck infection during 12 years. Patients were classified infancy group (1-7 yr, 19.2%), preschool age group (7-15 yr, 30.8%) and school age group (15 yr-, 50%). We analyzed the age, sex, sites of abscess, predisposing factors, symptoms and compared onset, hospital date, laboratory and outcomes at each group. Results: In pediatric patients with deep neck infection, the age distribution was 18 males (69.2%) and 8 females (30.8%), the mean age was 7.4 years. The most common infection site was the anterior cervical triangle and submandibular space (19.2%). The most commonly known associated preceding disease was upper viral infection (34.6%), but we could not find the preceding diseases in most of cases (50%). Neck swelling (69.2%) was the most frequent symptom. The mean age of patients who performed neck CT was 8.23 years and neck US was 2.75 years. The younger patients were preferred to perform the neck US than the neck CT (p=0.022). The mean time from disease onset to admission was 9 days in the infancy, 5.5 days in the preschool aged and 5 days in the school aged group. The surgical treatment was performed in 30.8% of school aged, 62.5% of preschool aged and 100% of infancy group. Surgical treatment was preferred to younger patients (p=0.026). Conclusion: Abscess sites, size, and antibiotics susceptibility and especially patient age should be carefully considered in treating pediatric deep neck infection.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2009

Sinonasal malignant tumors comprise less than 1% of all cancers and 3% of all malignant tumors of the head and neck, which explains a lack of large series addressing the clinical characteristics and management of these tumors. Neck node metastasis occurs in only about 7% to 15% of malignant tumors compared with other head and neck cancers. A 90-yr-old woman presented with left palpable neck mass and right nasal mass occupying nasal cavity. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of left neck mass results in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). PET/CT shows intense FDG uptake in right nasal cavity with bone invasion. Histopathologic examination of excised lesion in the right nasal cavity revealed SCC. We report here on a primary sinonasal SCC with contralateral lymph node metastasis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.843-849
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• 2023

This study attempted to determine the optimal algorithm after quantitatively analyzing noise, SNR, and CNR measurements by reconstructing four algorithms (Standard, Soft, Bone, and Detail) from head and neck CT images of patients who underwent implant surgery. As an analysis method, pixel values were calculated through the region of interest in the reconstructed image using the Image J program. For noise, SNR, and CNR, the region of interest was measured at the location of the pharynx, masseter muscle, and parotid gland in the image, and the mean and SD values were obtained. The values of SNR and CNR were calculated based on the given formula. As a result, the standard algorithm showed the lowest noise and the highest SNR. CNR was highest in the Soft algorithm, but showed no significant difference from the Standard algorithm. Therefore, it is believed that the Standard algorithm is the optimal algorithm for examining patients wearing intraoral implants in head and neck CT examinations. We hope that the data from this study will be used as basic data for image evaluation in head and neck CT examinations, and that the quality of images will be further improved through various algorithm changes. It is believed that this will be an opportunity to do so.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2004

Purpose: Cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important factor of the prognosis and therapeutic planning in head and neck cancer. With increasing interest of minimally invasive neck surgery, more accurate preoperative assessment of cervical lymph node becomes more essential. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of $^{18}F$ FDG-PET in the assessment of lymph node metastasis in patients with primary head and neck cancer and compared the results with those of CT/MRI. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients (M/F=27/5, $56{\pm}10yr$) with biopsy proven head and neck cancer (16 supraglottic cancer, 9 tongue cancer, 7 others) underwent FDG-PET and CT/MRI (25/7) within 1 month before neck dissection. Based on lymph node level, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET and CT/MRI for the metastasis of cervical lymph node were compared. Results: Of 153 lymph node levels dissected in 32 patients, 32 lymph node levels of 19 patients were positive for metastasis by histopatholologic examination. The overall sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET were 88% (28/32) and 93% (113/121), whereas those of CT/MRI were 56% (18/32) (p=0.002) and 92% (112/121), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET were different according to location of lymph node levels, and those of ipsilateral level 11 were lower than those of other levels. Conclusion: FDG-PET is more sensitive in detecting metastatic cervical lymph node in head and neck cancer than CT/MRI. FDG-PET might be useful in guiding the extent of neck dissection.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2003

Purpose: Accurate evaluation of metastatic cervical lymph nodes plays a decisive role in the treatment and prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness of FDG-PET for diagnosis of cervical metastasis in the head and neck cancer by comparing with the conventional imaging study. Materials and Methods: The subjects on this study were 30 patients (24 males and 6 females, aged 39 to 76, mean 57.1) diagnosed as pathologic-proven squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. All patients underwent preoperative FDG-PET, CT(n=27) or MRI (n=3). Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Using pathologic reports as a golden standard, the results of FDG-PET were compared with conventional imaging study (CT/MRI) in the evaluation of cervical metastasis. Results: Thirty patients had five different primary sites which were tongue (11), supraglottis (10), glottis (6), hypopharynx (2) and tonsil (1). A total of 40 neck dissections were performed unilaterally in 20 patients and bilaterally in 10 patients. Of these, 16 showed pathologically positive for lymph node metastasis. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET for the diagnosis of cervical metastasis was 75% and 100% respectively, compared with conventional imaging of 56.3% and 95.8%, respectively. The difference of sensitivity was not statistically significant (p=0.453). Of 5 cases with small metastatic node (<1cm), 3 were detected on PET detected correctly but none were detected by CT. Conclusion: FDG-PET was more accurate than conventional imaging study in the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, especially detection of small metastatic node. FDG-PET might be useful adjunct to conventional image in the preoperative evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-35
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• 2006

Killian-Jamieson and Zenker diverticula are both rare pharyngoesophageal diverticula. Both are outpouching of the mucosal and submucosal layers of the esophageal wall, which protrude through a mucosal gap at the level of the pharyngoesophageal esophagus. When these diverticula are large enough, they can be in proximity to the thyroid gland and may mimic a thyroid nodule. We report a case in which a diverticulum was filled with dietary residue and thus simulated a thyroid cyst on CT scan. And it was finally diagnosed as a Killian-Jamieson diverticulum by the surgery.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.sup1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2008

Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common type of human cancer worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer of the head and neck. Since $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is very sensitive to detecting squamous cell carcinoma, it has been widely used in patients with head and neck cancers for initial staging, management of recurrent cancers, and therapeutic monitoring. According to clinical research data, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is expected to be a very helpful diagnostic tool in the management of head and neck cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.81-83
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• 2019

Pneumoparotid is a rare cause of parotid gland swelling, and is caused by retrograde air reflux from the oral cavity, into the parotid gland via Stensen's duct. Most patients complained of painless swelling in the parotid region. Herein, we report a rare case of pneumoparotid, incidentally diagnosed without symptoms on CT, for follow-up of parotid lymph node enlargement.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2007

Schwannoma is a benign well-encapsulated tumors arising from the sheath of Schwann cell of the peripheral motors, sensory, and cranial nerves, but not from the optic and olfactory nerves. Since it is relatively common in the head and neck region, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of head and neck tumor. However, reports of laryngeal involvement have rarely appeared in the literature. We have experienced a 50-year old woman and 39-year old woman with history of progressive voice change. We recognized a benign mass at the false cord area with the telelaryngoscope and CT. The tumors were successfully removed by transoral CO2 laser resection without tracheotomy.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.221-224
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• 2010

Papillary thyroid carcinoma frequently invades the lymph node, trachea, esophagus and perithyroid tissue. However, direct extension to posterior pharyngeal area is known to be rare. A 64-year-old male was referred to our clinic presenting as posterior pharyngeal mass during gastrofiberscopy. The neck CT scan showed soft tissue mass in retropharynx and lymph node in right level III with calcifications. We performed the total thyroidectomy with selective(level II, III, IV) and anterior compartment neck dissection. In operative findings, the right thyroid mass were connected to the retropharynx through the posterior portion of inferior constrictor muscle. Histopathologic findings revealed the papillary thyroid carcinoma extended to retropharynx. We report a unique case with a literature review.