• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 2014

Background and Purpose: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been suggested to be a novel biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The present study aimed to evaluate and compare HE4 with the commonly used marker, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), in prediction and therapy-monitoring of EOC. Patients and Methods: Serum HE4 concentrations from 123 ovarian cancer patients and 174 controls were measured by Roche electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA). Risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) values were calculated and assessed. In addition, the prospects of HE4 detection for therapy-monitoring were evaluated in EOC patients. Results: The ROMA score could classify patients into high- and low-risk groups with malignancy. Indeed, lower serum HE4 was significantly associated with successful surgical therapy. Specifically, 38 patients with EOC exhibited a greater decline of HE4 compared with CA125. In contrast, elevation of HE4 better predicted recurrence (of 46, 11 patients developed recurrence, and with it increased HE4 serum concentrations) and a poor prognosis than CA125. Conclusions: This study suggests that serum HE4 levels are closely associated with outcome of surgical therapy and disease prognosis in Chinese EOC patients.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.39-48
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the life of Chugang Nam Hyo-On (1454~1492) from his Chinese poem and to figure out how he overcame and healed his agony and wound. Nam Hyo-On was one of the Saengyuksin who submitted Sureungbokuiso and spent his whole life with alcohol and wandering. Thus, he is known to be a hermit writer or stranger. He had to suffer poverty during his life thanks to his only one choice. He was weak by nature but also feeble mentally as he always worried about death. In his 30s, he regarded himself as an aged man and always worried about death due to his frequent illness. Sometimes, he used to dream of being forever young. He composed self-elegy poem that is about his death, which is the ever first self-elegy poem in our history. He sent it in his letter to his master Kim Jong Jik (1431-1492) in 1489. His agony and motivation of writing such poem can be conjectured from his master's reply and his self-elegy poem. Nam Hyo-On tried to overcome and heal his real discontent and wound from his literary works. And it seems appropriate to regard him that he attempted to get compensation of his limitation and discontent from literature. We sometimes heal our wound by writings (or literature) and by reflecting through such writings. Nam Hyo-On reminded of his beloved person through his poet writing and healed his fear of wound of death.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2003

In Lee, Kang & Byun (2001) the discovery of Raman scattered 6545 A feature was reported in symbiotic stars and the planetary nebula M2-9. The broad emission feature around 6545 A is formed as a result of Raman scattering of He II n = 6 $\to$ n = 2 photons by atomic hydrogen. In this paper, we introduce a method to compute the equivalent width of He II $\lambda$ 1025 line and present an optical spectrum of the symbiotic star RR Telescopii as an example for a detailed illustration. In this spectrum, we pay attention to the broad H$\alpha$ wings and the Raman scattered He II 6545 feature. The broad Ha wings are also proposed to be formed through Raman scattering of continuum around Ly$\beta$ by Lee (2000), and therefore we propose that the equivalent width of the He II $\lambda$ 1025 emission line is obtained by a simple comparison of the strengths of the 6545 feature and the broad H$\alpha$ wings. We prepare a template H$\alpha$ wing profile from continuum radiation around Ly$\beta$ with the neutral scattering region that is supposed to be responsible for the formation of Raman scattered He II 6545 feature. Isolation of the 6545 feature that is blended with [N II] $\lambda$ 6548 is made by using the fact that [N II] $\lambda$ 6584 is always 3 times stronger than [N II] $\lambda$ 6548. We also fit the 6545 feature by a Gaussian which has a width 6.4 times that of the He II $\lambda$ 6527 line. A direct comparison of these two features for RR Tel yields the equivalent width $EW_{Hel025} = 2.3{\AA}$ of He II $\lambda$ 1025 line. Even though this far UV emission line is not directly observable due to heavy interstellar extinction, nearby He II lines such as He II $\lambda$ 1085 line may be observed using far UV space instruments, which will verify this calculation and hence the origins of various features occurring in spectra around H$\alpha$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4823-4827
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• 2013

Objective: To study the mechanism of effects of AZD1480 on the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. Methods: The MTT method was used to assess cellular proliferation, flow cytometry for cellular apoptosis, the scratch test to determine migration, transwell chamber assays to detect cellular invasion, plate clone experiments to detect the clone forming ability and Western blotting to determine p-STAT3 protein levels. Results: The proliferation rate, migration ability, invasiveness and the clone forming ability of SKOV3 cells were reduced after treatment with AZD1480, while apoptosis rate and chemotherapeutic susceptibility were increased. After treatment with AZD1480 plus cisplatin, the apoptosis rate increased significantly while the expression level of p-STAT3 protein was decreased. Conclusion: AZD1480 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and clone formation of SKOV3 cells, induce cellulsar apoptosis, increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity and reduce the expression level of p-STAT3 protein.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.187-210
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• 2007

Dunong(鈍翁), Yun-Ji had born by a concubine, and his dream didn't come true for the restraint of his social position, so he tried to train younger men. His writings still remain 4 volumes of "Dunongyeonsocheonjimundap" and "Dunongdongmongmundap(鈍翁童蒙問答)", which may be called its primer. "Dunongyeonsocheonjimundap" is written in question-and-answer form between Chal-Hye-Ja(察慧子) who has a meager knowledge and Sim-Gyeong-Ong(心耕翁) who search for the truth. It is progressed from the law of nature to human's cultivation of the mind so as to reconfirm the recognition of the unity between the heaven and human beings and lead the interpretation and practice of the metaphysical proposition. It is characterized by making use of metrical compositions to induce plain tone of argument. "Dunongdongmongmundap", whereas, uses archaic writings to describe natural science including astronomy to the beginners. Dunong's scholarship is characterized by these: He explained the metaphysical propositions by approaching usual things including oriental medicine practically; He comprised the Confucian concepts intensively to examine the Oriental studies closely; He groped for the outlooks on the world of taking serious view of human being or human body. And his medical thought is characterized by these: He attached importance to the theory of viscera and bowels based on yin-yang and five phase theory; He suggested the concrete yin-yang theory with a viewpoint of qi-blood theory; He considered the concept of 'six' only as mutual rooting of yin and yang and five visceras and six vowels, and denied the traditional six qi concepts; He explained the ghost theories of the metaphysics based on the yin-yang theory to analogize points of sameness between the oriental medicine and the metaphysics; He emphasized restore yang theory. Therefore, we can say that he regarded the human body as small heaven-earth and grafted the abstract propositions into the actuals so as to put the metaphysical propositions in practice.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.494-505
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• 2019

In this study, the antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-melanogenic and anti-wrinkle effects of methanol (ME) and hot water (HE) extracts from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus vaninii were investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of 2.0 mg/mL HE (95.38%) was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (96.97%), the reference standard. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of ME (98.19%) and HE (97.55%) were higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (92.66%) at 2.0 mg/mL. Neither ME nor HE was cytotoxic to murine melanoma B16-F10 cells at 25-750 ㎍/mL. Although the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory effects of ME and HE were significantly lower than that of allopurinol, the values were higher than 84 percent. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activities of ME and HE were comparable to kojic acid at 2.0 mg/mL. The cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthetic activities of ME and HE on B16-F10 melanoma cells at 500 ㎍/mL were higher than arbutin, indicating that the inhibitory effects of arbutin on the tyrosinase and melanin synthesis were higher than those of ME and HE. The collagenase inhibitory activity of HE was comparable to EGCG at 2.0 mg/mL, however, the elastase inhibitory activity of ME and HE was lower than EGCG at the concentration tested. The study results demonstrated that the fruiting bodies of Ph. vaninii possessed good antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, cell-free anti-tyrosinase, cellular anti-tyrosinase, anti-collagenase, and moderate anti-elastase activities, which might be used for the development of novel anti-gout, skin-whitening, and skin anti-wrinkle agents.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.8C
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• pp.822-829
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• 2009

This paper proposes a new method of improving the quality of High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC). HE-AAC encodes input source by allocating bits for each scalefactor bands appropriately according to human ear's psychoacoustic property. As a result, insufficient bits are assigned to the bands which have relatively low energy. This imbalance between different energy bands can cause decreasing of sound quality like musical noise. In the proposed system, a Linear Prediction (LP) module is combined with HE-AAC as a pre-processor to improve sound quality by even bits distribution. To apply accurate human being's psychoacoustic property, the psychoacoustic model uses Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrum of original input signal to make masking threshold. In its implementation, masking threshold of psychoacoustic model is normalized using the LP spectral envelope in prior to quantization of the LP residual. Experimental result shows that, the proposed algorithm allocates bits appropriately for insufficient bits condition and improves the performance of HE-AAC.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.31-56
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• 2000

A purpose of this study is to study on Rene Descartes's mind-body theory in medical aspect. Though Rene Descartes was not so much a doctor as a philosopher, he had health and medical science at heart. When he came into the world in 1596, he was in poor health. Therefore, he suffered from his bad health. Descartes's ideas absolutely colored Western thought for three hundred years, especially, his mind-body theory, mechanistic life-view, and reductionism had important effect on medical study and science of public health. As a rule, we know that his mind-body theory was applicable to mind-body dualism, and his mind-body dualism was connected with biomedical model of medicine. But by this study, his mind-body theory was not only mind-body dualism but also mind-body monoism. And he asserted mind-body interaction too. In other words, he advocated mind-body dualism in scientific aspect, but he knew mind-body monoism from his experence. He confessed this fact to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia, he wrote mind-body interaction in $\boxDr$Discours de la methode$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Meditationes de prima philosophia$\boxUl$, and $\boxDr$Traite des passions de 1'ame$\boxUl$ etc. However, only mind-body dualism of his mind-body theories was written in our medical text book, morever mental realm was excluded from the persuit of learning Descartes advocated a mechanistic world-view and mechanistic life-view, he regarded human body as a machine part. And a paticent corresponds to a troubled machine, a doctor deserves a repairman. But this point of view made holistic understanding of man impossible. Descartes divide the whole into basic building blocks, we named the approach Reductionism. Reductionism led to ontological concept in medical science, bacteriology established 'specific cause-specific disease-specific therapy'. We examined medical influence of Descartes's thought, we need to draw out a philosophic basis of medical science and science of public health by a close study of his records.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2006

Purpose : This study is to evaluate the synergistic cytotoxicity of Rhizoma Rehmanniae(RR), in adriamycin-treated HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Methods : We culture HeLa cell which is human metrocarcinoma cell in D-MEM included 10% fetal bovine serum(Hyclone Laboratories) below $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$. Then we observed apoptosis of log phage cell which is changed cultivation liquid 24 Hours periodically. Results : The combination of RR and adriamycin synergistically augmented the cytotoxicity of HeLa cells. The apoptotic cell death was accompanied by the activation of caspase-3 and -8 as well as cleavage of poly(ADP- ribose) polymerase (PARP) in HeLa cells. The co-treatment of RR with adriamycin didn't have any effect on either the expression of Bcl-2 or that of Bax. Interestingly, a synergistic increase in apoptosis by the combination of two drugs was accompanied by the enhancement of Pas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression in HeLa cells. Taken together, the combination of RR and adriamycin significantly augmented the apoptotic cytotoxicity of Fas-positive cells, such as HeLa cells. The pathway is not involved in mitochondria-dependent pathway. Conclusion : RR induces apoptosis in HeLa cells via p38 MAPK activation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.11 no.1 s.24
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• pp.13-19
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• 2003

In this paper we discussed the processing procedures of histogram equalization(HE) method and brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization(BBHE) method in the contrast enhancement methods for the performance comparison. With remotely sensed image data of Landsat TM we compared the performances of three methods of Min-Max method, HE method, BBHE method. The experimental results demonstrate that the HE method and BBHE method are more effective in the contrast enhancement performances than the Min-Max method. In the HE method the mean brightness of the resultant output images approached to the middle gray level with regardless of input image mean. In the BBHE method, it is capable of preserving the mean brightness of a original image compared to the HE method while enhancing the contrast of original image effectively. Thus BBHE method is provided more natural enhancement effect than the HE method.