• Resources Recycling
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1996

Burmng method tn Bnidi-ied beds 101 the effectlvr reclamation of Sunn fi,uadry sand war u~ed lather tl~an rncchan1c;ll or p~~cumatiace thodq. which are co~nmonlyu scd in foundry factoricr in Kojcu In olrlcr to rcrnuvc hlc;~ns and ha~doersi ~nm foundry sand sndaces in the fluidized bcd, the lnnsl sffccuve lcmpemture mge was h00-70W. Sulbcr slab~l~liyn dca and comliresslvc streugtli oL rccla~mcd sand recyclcd by the burning luctllod wcre lalgcr dao those of rcclalmcd a n d by lllc pncumatlc mctllod. Tile energy cost IOIt he bummy mctliod was cstimalcd al SlZ0011'on oi llie iccl;~~rncds md. The coql l~ductlon in pul.chasing nzw s;od as well as the prevenllon or cnv~conmcnl.il contamlnallnn could hc hmefitcrl hy usl~lg Ihc rec1;~rnnl~oonf liisndry siod ~ecycledb y the method rleieloped in thls sludy

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.302-309
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• 2016

The role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in honey as antifungal activity has received little attention and their mechanism of inhibitory of fungi is not fully understood. In this study, LAB were isolated from honey samples from Malaysia, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. Twenty-five isolates were confirmed LAB by catalase test and Gram staining, and were screened for antifungal activity. Four LAB showed inhibitory activity against Candida spp. using the dual agar overlay method. And they were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum HS isolated from Al-Seder honey, Lactobacillus curvatus HH isolated from Al-Hanon honey, Pediococcus acidilactici HC isolated from Tualang honey and Pediococcus pentosaceus HM isolated from Al-Maray honey by the 16S rDNA sequence. The growth of Candida glabrata ATCC 2001 was strongly inhibited (>15.0 mm) and (10~15 mm) by the isolates of L. curvatus HH and P. pentosaceus HM, respectively. The antifungal activity of the crude supernatant (cell free supernatant, CFS) was evaluated using well diffusion method. The CFS showed high antifungal activity against Candida spp. especially The CFS of L. curvatus HH was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited growth of C. glabrata ATCC 2001, C. parapsilosis ATCC 2201, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750 with inhibitory zone 22.0, 15.6, and 14.7 mm, respectively. While CFS of P. pentosaceus HM was significantly (p < 0.05) effective against C. krusei, C. glabrata, and C. albicans with inhibition zone 17.2, 16.0, and 13.3 mm, respectively. The results indicated that LAB isolated from honey produced compounds which can be used to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic Candida species.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-99
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• 1982

In this study, thirty-two stands in Kwangnung forest located in the central part of Korea were preferentially selected. In each stand, all stems for trees and shrubs were recorded by species and their girths were measured down to 5cm. In addition, several enviromental factors such as field soil pH, field soil moisture, soil compressibility, depth of soil, thickness of litter layer, elevation and basal area were measured. Three soil cores were sampled and various physical and chemcial properties was determined. The vegetational data were subjected to three kinds of multivariate ordination(PO, PCA, RA). The results suggested that Kwangnung forest was consisted of three forest types: coniferous, mixed and broad leaved forest communities. The relation between the stand scores of ordination and several environmental factors were investigated in terms of correlation analysis in order to examine the relationships between the vegetation and certain environmental factors. As a result of this analysis, the amount of sand content in A1 horizon decreased frm the coniferous to broad leaved forest, while maximum field capacity, pore space, exchangeable cations, loss on ignition, soil pH nad the amount of total nitrogen had a tendancy to increase significantly. However, easily soluble phosphorus appeared to have little to do with the forest types. The result of species ordination of centered-standardized PCA suggested that the major successional pathway in Kwangnung forest was; Pinus densifloralongrightarrowQuercus mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. alienalongrightarrowCarpinus laxifloralongrightarrowC. erosa in sequence. This trend is in good agreement with the past studies. In three kinds of ordination (centered PCA, centered-standardized PCA and RA) based on nineteen species and twenty-five stands, the total variances accounted for the first three axes were 77%, 46% and 63% respectively. The estimated beta diversity in Kwangnung forest assumed as a coenocline, was 1.5~1.8 HC. Increasing the effect of the sampling errors on ordination perfermance, this low heterogeneity seems to cause the poor concentration of the total variance. The results from the four kinds of ordination were in good agreement with each other, especially between PO, centered-standardized PCA and RA appeared robust. It seems to be worthy of applying multivariate method for analyzing other forest communities in Korea.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1168-1180
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• 2018

Objective: As the number of sarcopenic patients worldwide is increasing, the need for the treatment of sarcopenia is increasing. Ginseng has been reported to be a major herbal supplement. We tested whether red ginseng would be effective for sarcopenia using red ginseng preparation which can be easily obtained locally in Korea. Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (n=10) (Group C), the group with Dexamethasone -induced sarcopenia (n=10) (Group D), and the group to which red ginseng was administered group after induced sarcopenia with Dexamethasone (n=10) (Group DH). Dexamethasone was intraperitoneally administered to group D and group DH for 7 days to make sarcopenic model. After that, the red ginseng tablets prepared by Korea Ginseng Corporation were diluted in distilled water and administered orally to the DH group for 2 weeks. Body weight and grip strength were measured 8 times during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected by cardiac puncture. In addition, the tibialis muscle was extracted, a myofibril cross section was measured by immunohistochemical staining and MyHC (myosin heavy chain) was quantified by Western blotting. Results: The ratio of the area on myofibril cross-section showed significant differences after administration of the red ginseng tablet. Conclusions: Red ginseng has a significant effect on the recovery of myofibril cross-section on sarcopenia. This experiment will be helpful for future clinical studies on drug effects in sarcopennia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.181-181
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• 2003

We have studied the mechanism of action of TCDD on CYP1A1 promoter activity in both Hepa Ⅰ and MCF-7 cells using transient transfection system with p1A1-Luc reporter gene. When HDAC inhibitors, such as trichostatin A, HC toxin and a novel HDAC inhibitor, IN2001 were cotreated with TCDD to the cells transfected with plAt-Luc reporter gene, the basal promoter activity of CYP1A1 was increased by HBAC inhibitors. Also, in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, HDAC inhibitors, such as IN2001 and trichostatin A increased the basal activity of CYP1A1 promoter but TCDD stimulated CYP1A1 promoter activity was not changed by HDAC inhibitors. And, in stably-transfected Hepa Ⅰ cells with p1A1-Luc, HDAC inhibitors increased the basal promoter activity only Also, we have investigated the effects of HDAC inhibitors on the human breast and prostate cancer cells in terms of cell proliferation and apoptosis based on SRB assay. IN2001 as well as trichostatin A inhibited the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, T47D, ZR75-1, PC3 cell growth dose-dependently. The growth inhibition of these cells with HDAC inhibitors was associated with profound morphological change, which suggests the HDAC inhibitors induced apoptosis of cells. The result of cell cycle analysis after 24h exposure of IN2001 showed G2/M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells and apoptosis in T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The adoption of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a vehicle fuel is a common phenomenon as it is accelerating worldwide. Increasing number of CNG driven vehicles around the world has jumped up from one million in 1996 to five million in 2006. CNG as a vehicle fuel is very popular to the end users because of its clean-burning properties and cost effective solution compared to other alternative fuels like diesel and gasoline. The use of CNG as a fuel reduces vehicular emission that is consisted of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen ($NO_x$), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) etc. This research highlights the characteristics of CNG vehicles, CNG arrangement in the vehicles, CNG fueling procedures and most importantly the environmental and economic factors that are highly considered as cost effective solution for the flexibility of using CNG in the automobiles.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.314-319
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• 2013

Fabrication of nanocomposite material for the $Fe_2O_3-Al$ system by mechanical alloying (MA) has been investigated at room temperature. It is found that ${\alpha}-Fe/Al_2O_3$ nanocomposite powders in which $Al_2O_3$ is dispersed in ${\alpha}-Fe$ matrix are obtained by mechanical alloying of $Fe_2O_3$ with Al for 5 hours. The change in magnetization and coercivity also reflects the details of the solid state reduction process of hematite by pure metal of Al during mechanical alloying. Densification of the MA powders was performed in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) machine using graphite dies at $1000^{\circ}C$ and $1100^{\circ}C$ under 60 MPa. Shrinkage change after SPS of MA'ed sample for 5 hrs was significant above $700^{\circ}C$ and gradually increased with increasing temperature up to $1100^{\circ}C$. X-ray diffraction result shows that the average grain size of ${\alpha}-Fe$ in ${\alpha}-Fe/Al_2O_3$ nanocomposite sintered at $1100^{\circ}C$ is in the range of 180 nm. It can be also seen that the coercivity (Hc) of SPS sample sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ is still high value of 88 Oe, suggesting that the grain growth of magnetic ${\alpha}-Fe$ phase during SPS process tend to be suppressed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.320-329
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• 1977

p-Phenylenediamine dihydroperchlorate, $C_6H_4N_2H_4{\cdot}2HC1O_4$, crystallizes in space group $P\={1}$ with $a=4.79{\pm}0.02,\;b=9.03{\pm}0.02,\;c=7.12{\pm}0.03{\AA},\;{\alpha}=109.4{\pm}0.2,\;{\beta}=79.6{\pm}0.2,\;r=104.6{\pm}0.2^{\circ},\;Z=1$. The structure has been solved by the Patterson and Fourier methods. The refinement by block-diagonal least-squares cycles gives R = 0.13 for 387 observed reflexions collected on equi-inclination Weissenberg photographs with CuK${\alpha}$ radiation. There are two different types of five hydrogen bonds. The first type consists of one trifurcated N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bond and the second of two normal N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bonds, both of which exist between the amino group and the perchlorate, groups. A p-phenylenediamine group is approximately planar within an experimental error and bonded to twelve perchlorates: ten perchlorates forming hydrogen bonds and two being contacted with the van der Waals forces. A perchlorate group is surrounded by six p-phenylenediamines and four perchlorates; among the six p-phenylenediamines, five of them are hydrogen-bonded, and the rest contacted with the van der Waals force.ce anaysis of our samples and investigated the variarions in the values of parameters obtained through fitting the theoretical impedance to the experimental impedance. The characters of the dielectric constant and the impedance showed abnormal variations for the 0.2 at K-doped NSBN ceramics, which we were able to interpret in terms of the variations in the number A-site vacancies with the K doping ratio. From these results, A-site vacancies are thought to be space charges that influence the ferroelectric properties of NSBN ceramics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1907-1912
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• 2015

Purpose: The study was designed to: (1) investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and cervical neoplasia; and (2) evaluate clinical performance of visual inspection with acetic acid/ Lugol's iodine (VIA /VILI), Pap smear, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and (3) explore appropriate screening approach in rural areas of Shandong Province. Materials and Methods: A total of 3,763 eligible women from Yiyuan County in Yimeng mountainous areas of rural Shandong, China, were enrolled and underwent Pap smear, HR-HPV DNA testing by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2), and VIA /VILI tests. Women positive in any test were referred to colposcopy and biopsy as indicated. Results: The prevalence of HR-HPV infection among all enrolled women was 11.1% and that in healthy women was 9.9%. In total 33 cases of CIN1, 16 cases of CIN2, 6 cases of CIN3 but none of cervical cancer were detected and the crude prevalence of CIN2+ was 0.58%. For detecting CIN2+, the sensitivity of HR-HPV DNA testing, VIA/VILI, Pap smear was 90.9%, 77.3%, 81.8%, respectively. Pap smear had the best specificity of 98.2%, followed by HR-HPV DNA testing with specificity of 89.4%, VIA/VILI had the lowest specificity of 81.2%. Colposcopy referral rate of HR-HPV DNA testing, VIA/VILI, Pap smear was 11.1%, 18.5%, 2.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that HR-HPV DNA testing alone might be appropriate for primary cervical cancer screening in rural low-resource areas of Shandong Province, China.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.147-157
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• 2004

The production of $^{14}C$ occurs in the Moderator(MOD), Primary Heat Transport System (PHTS), Annulus Gas System(AGS) and Fuel in the CANDU reactor. Among the four systems, The MOD system is the largest contributor to $^{14}C$ production(approximately 94.8%). $^{14}C$ is distributed of $^{14}CO_2$, $H_2^{14}CO_3$, $H^{14}{CO_3}^-$ and $^{14}{CO_3}^{2-}$ species as a function of the pH of water. Of these species, $H_2^{14}CO_3$ and $H^{14}{CO_3}^-$ form are predominant because the pH of MOD system is ＞ 5. In this paper, adsorption-desorption characteristics of bicarbonate ion (${HCO_3}^-$) by IRN 150 resin was investigated. ${HCO_3}^-$ ion existed in neutral condition(app. pH 7)was reacted with ion exchange resin (IRN-150) and saturated with it. Then $NaNO_3$ and $Na_3PO_4$ solutions selected as extraction materials were used to make an investigation into feasibility of ${HCO_3}^-$ extraction from resin saturated with ${HCO_3}^-$. Desorption of $CO^{2+}$ and $Cs^+$ ion by $Na^+$ ion was not occurred, and desorption of ${HCO_3}^-$ ion by ${NO_3}^-$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$ was occurred slowly. Also, the status of ion exchange which is used in Wolsong NPPs and generation of spent resin yearly were surveyed.