• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study used MDS-HC 2.0 to identify health problems in the elderly who live alone. Method: The subjects of this study were 100 living-alone elders aged over 65 in Daegu city. This study was performed through home visiting interviews during the period from the 1st of September to the 30th of September 2005. Analysis in this study was made using SPSS Version 11.0. Results: Frequent health problems in the living-alone elderly were: preventive heath measure (90), health promotion (80), social function (78), visual function (75), depression and anxiety (61), pain and communication disorder (60), cognition (55), environmental assessment (48) and oral health (45) in order of frequency. Informal services were provided to 73% of the subjects for emotional support. IADL services were provided to 57% of the subjects, and ADL services to 66%. Conclusion: Nursing intervention programs based on health problems from MDS-HC 2.0 should be provided in order to cope with individual health problems and living-alone elders needs. The results of this study suggest that MDS-HC 2.0 is applicable to help decide nursing interventions for the elderly who live alone in community.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.146-156
• /
• 1995

Growing international concern about environmental issues in recent years has led to new proposals for strengthening exhaust emission standards and fuel economy requirements throughout the world. The low emission vehicle(LEV) standards drawn up by the California Air Resources Board(CARB) in the U.S.A are noticeably stringent To cope with this regulation, a reduction of HC emission is the most important challenge for the automotive industry because HC emission levels are severer than any other components emission levels. In this paper, the apparatus for visulalizing the wall film flow in a intake manifold and the spark plug with optical fiber for detecting the signal from diffusion flame are developed to mal,e the HC formation mechanism clear. High speed camera system is also used to elucidate the correlation wall film flow and the diffusion flame. Using these methods, the effect of fuel injection systems such as injection direction, spray angle, atomised injection on HC emission levels is investigated. Consequently, the optimal fuel injection conditions for minimizing the wall film flow and reducing the HC emission are found through this research.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to find difficulty levels of LEED credits in each LEED level based on credits achievement in order to find important of LEED-HC credits to gain LEED-HC. Methods: The individual credits of LEED-HC v.2009 scorecards from USGBC website are analyzed. With achieved scores rate of LEED credits per each Level, all credits are reassembled in 4 different ranges (A~D); easy (A), easy-moderate (B), moderate-hard (C) and hard (D) to achieve scores. Results: 1) Achieved point rate in LEED-HC specific credits are low. These credits need to be reviewed carefully. 2) In 88 projects, 37 projects are gained Silver level which is more than projects in certification level. In order to encourage to gain LEED-HC level, Average Achieved rate to earn Certificate level needs to be risen. 3) Credits in range D rarely affect to gain platinum level. EAc1 (24 points) are critical to gain Silver and Gold level. However, EAc1 points are not effective to achieve Certificate level. Implications: This research will provide a fundamental back data to set up Korean Green building rating system for Healthcare.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2023

Background: Efficient gene editing technology is needed for successful knock-in. Homologous recombination (HR) is a major double-strand break repair pathway that can be utilized for accurately inserting foreign genes into the genome. HR occurs during the S/G2 phase, and the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is inextricably linked to HR to maintain HR fidelity. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inhibiting MMR-related genes using CdCl₂, an MMR-related gene inhibitor, on HR efficiency in HC11 cells. Methods: The mRNA and protein expression levels of MMR-related genes (Msh2, Msh3, Msh6, Mlh1, Pms2), the HR-related gene Rad51, and the NHEJ-related gene DNA Ligase IV were assessed in HC11 cells treated with 10 μM of CdCl₂ for 48 hours. In addition, HC11 cells were transfected with a CRISPR/sgRNA expression vector and a knock-in vector targeting Exon3 of the mouse-beta casein locus, and treated with 10 μM cadmium for 48 hours. The knock-in efficiency was monitored through PCR. Results: The treatment of HC11 cells with a high-dose of CdCl₂ decreased the mRNA expression of the HR-related gene Rad51 in HC11 cells. In addition, the inhibition of MMR-related genes through CdCl₂ treatment did not lead to an increase in knock-in efficiency. Conclusions: The inhibition of MMR-related gene expression through high-dose CdCl₂ treatment reduces the expression of the HR-related gene Rad51, which is active during recombination. Therefore, it was determined that CdCl₂ is an inappropriate compound for improving HR efficiency.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권11호
• /
• pp.1209-1216
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 영지버섯 균사체로부터 얻은 수용성 베타글루칸(SBG)이 고지방식이로 유도한 흰쥐의 항고지혈 효과 및 혈중 지질수준에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 5주령의 수컷 흰쥐에 고지방식이를 2주간 급여하여 비만을 유도하고, 그 후 2주 동안 다음과 같은 5가지 group의 식이를 급여하였다: 1) 일반사료 식이군(NC), 2) 고지방사료 식이군(HC), 3) 고지방사료 및 고농도(200 mg/kg) SBG 식이군(HC-HSBG) 4) 고지방사료 및 저농도(20 mg/kg) SBG 식이군(HC-LSBG), 5) 고지방사료 및 로바스타틴(lovastatin) 식이군(HC-Lov). 실험 결과, 식이 효율(Food efficiency ratio)은 고지방식이를 급여한 군들에서 일반사료 식이군에 비하여 증가하였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 혈액학적 결과에서 고농도 및 저농도의 SBG와 로바스타틴 투여군은 고지방식이만 급여한 군(HC)보다 호중구와 중성구 수치가 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 또한 혈청 내 총콜레스테롤, 중성지질 및 LDL-C는 고농도 및 저농도 SBG 투여군 모두에서 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 이 같은 결과는 화학적으로 황화된 수용성 베타글루칸(SBG)이 흰쥐에서 혈중 콜레스테롤 수치를 낮추어 항고지혈증 효과를 나타내는 것을 의미한다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.346-353
• /
• 2011

7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one(HC)와 7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one-4-acetic acid(HCA)의 염기성 가수분해반응을 aqueous-methanol과 aqueous-acetone 혼합물에서 283 K에서 313 K의 온도 범위에서 속도론적으로 연구하였다. 반응의 활성화 파라미터를 구하고 토의하였다. 게다가, 물, 물-에탄올, 물-아세톤 혼합물 내에서 화합물들에 대한 활성화 에너지 장벽의 변화를 속도론적 데이터로부터 추정하였다. 활성화 장벽의 변화는 HC and HCA의 가수분해 반응과 거의 같았다. HC와 HCA의 염기성 가수분해는 $k_{obs}=k_2[OH^-]$와 같은 속도법칙을 따른다. 메탄올 또는 아세톤의 비가 증가함에 따라 HC 와 HCA의 속도 상수들이 감소하는 것은 $OH^-$ 이온이 불안정해지기 때문이다. 활성화 엔트로피가 큰 음의 값을 갖는 다는 것은 반응이 중간 착물의 형성을 경유하며 진행된다는 것을 의미하며, 또한 중간 착물이 경직성과 안정도를 갖는다는 것을 의미한다. 그러므로, 중간 착물의 고리 열림이 속도 조절 단계가 될 것이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.660-667
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate the exhaust structure and secondary oxidation of unburned hydrocarbon (HC) in the exhaust port, concentrations of individual HC species were measured in exhaust process, the degree of oxidation were obtained. Using a solenoid-driven fast sampling system on single-cylinder research engine fueled with 94% propane, the profiles of unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) and non-fuel HCs with a propane fueled engine were obtained from several locations in the exhaust port during the exhaust process. The sampled gases were analyzed using a gas chromatography of HC species with 4 or lesser carbon atoms. The change of total HC concentration and HC fractions of major components through the exhaust port were discussed. The results showed that non-uniform distribution of HC concentration existed around the exhaust valve and changed with time, and that the exhaust gas exhibited nearly uniform concentration profile at port exit, which was due to mixing and oxidation. Also it could be known that bulk gas with relatively high HC concentration came out through the bottom of the exhaust valve. To estimate the mass-based degree of HC oxidation in the exhaust port from measured HC concentrations, a 3-zone diagnostic cycle simulation and plug flow modeling were used. The degree of oxidation ranged between 26 % and 36 % corresponding to the engine operation conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.1715-1720
• /
• 2005

Two promising varieties of forage sorghum viz. HD-15 and J. Sel-10 were identified for their higher forage yield (350-400 quintals per hectare) compared to traditional/existing variety, HC-136 at Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi. Silage of these three forage sorghum varieties viz., HD-15, J.Sel-10 and HC-136 were prepared in three concrete silos for their nutritional evaluation in sheep. Twelve adult Muzaffarnagari Ewes, divided into three equal groups of 4 each, were offered a particular variety of sorghum silage ad libitum over a period of 30 days followed by a 6 day metabolism trial and a collection of rumen liquor and blood samples. The HD-15 variety of forage sorghum silage contained higher crude protein (CP) than both the J.Sel-10 and HC-136. Average daily dry matter (DM) intake (% of live weight) differed significantly (p<0.05) in sheep that were fed the different varieties of silage, with the maximum amount in HD-15 (2.55) followed by J.Sel-10 (2.49) and HC-136 (1.84). The average apparent digestibility of all the nutrients was low in the sheep that were fed the HC-136 variety of sorghum silage when compared to both HD-15 and J.Sel-10. However, digestibility of organic matter (p<0.05) and crude protein (p<0.01) was significantly low in the HC-136 variety. The average daily nitrogen retention was-0.19, 2.15 and 0.42 g in HC-136, HD-15 and J.Sel-10, respectively which differed significantly (p<0.01). The average digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents (%) of the silage varieties were higher in HD-15 (3.14 and 55.3) than HC-136 (0.25 and 58.6) and J.Sel-10 (1.58 and 55.3) varieties. On comparing to the maintenance requirements (ICAR, 1985) for dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, both the improved varieties (HD-15 and J.Sel-10) almost met the requirements except crude protein, which met only 73.3% of the requirement by J.Sel-10, while the HC-136 variety was unable to meet the requirements. The average rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids concentrations were comparable among the groups. However, concentrations of nitrogen metabolites were higher in the animals fed the HD-15 variety of silage. Varieties of sorghum silage also did not have any influence on the concentration of the blood metabolites. It was concluded that the HD-15 variety of sorghum silage was nutritionally superior to both J.Sel-10 and HC-136 silage.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2022

세계 4대 섬유작물중의 하나로 알려진 케나프(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)는 탄소 저감용 및 친환경 생활소재용으로 각광받고 있으며, 2013년 국내 채종 가능한 '장대' 품종이 확립되면서 전국적으로 재배되고 있다. 그러나, 케나프의 부위별 생리활성, 특히 '장대'의 부위별 생리활성 평가는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 케나프 '장대'의 종실(seed), 종자 꼬투리(seedpod), 잎(leaf), 줄기(stem), 뿌리(root) 에탄올 추출물을 조제하여 이의 항혈전 및 항산화 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 종실 추출물에서 강력한 혈액응고인자 저해활성을, 종자 꼬투리 추출물에서 프로트롬빈 저해 활성을, 줄기 추출물에서 트롬빈 저해활성을 확인하였다. 또한 종자 꼬투리 추출물에서는 항혈전 활성과 연관된 DPPH 음이온 소거능, ABTS 양이온 소거능, 환원력 및 nitrite 소거능이 여타의 부위 추출물보다 유의적으로 강력한 활성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 국내 케나프 친환경 섬유산업의 부산물로 얻어지는 종자 꼬투리, 뿌리 및 줄기를 이용한 고부가가치 생물소재 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2010

HCCI 엔진은 배출가스 중 PM과 NOx 가 저감되나, 일반적으로 상용디젤 엔진보다 HC, CO 가 증가하는 특성을 보인다. 특히 과도한 HC 에서 발생하는 SOF 로 인해 total PM 에 영향을 미친다. 이는 HCCI 엔진에서 DOC 를 통한 HC 저감이 중요하며 HC 의 정화성능이 우수한 OC 의 개발이 필요하다. 실험은 모델가스를 이용하여 2Pt/1Pd 의 충전량이 다른 3 종의 OC(600cpsi cordierite)를 가지고 수행하였다. OC 에서 HC, SV, $H_2O$, $O_2$의 조건을 달리하여 OC 성능특성을 $LOT_{50}$에서 평가하였다. 그 결과 CO 는 $170^{\circ}C$에서 3 종의 촉매 모두 90% 이상의 정화특성을 나타내었고 Pd 가 충전 된 OC 는 열화 된 후 Pt 만충전 된 OC 보다 우수한 내구특성을 나타내었다. Fresh 와 aged 된 OC 에서 SV 의 증가 및 $H_2O$의 반응참여는 $LOT_{50}$성능이 낮아지는 결과를 나타내었다.