• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.14-37
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• 2014

Objectives: Since information on biological factors in the workplace are currently lacking, I wanted to create a handbook of these factors that would be viewable at a glance as a means to more effectively prevent occupationally-infected diseases. Proper information on biological hazards in the workplace allowing the appropriate recognition of the harmful factors is desperately needed. Methods and Results: In this study, I intended to create a high-utility handbook of biologically hazardous agents in the workplace. To ensure its effectiveness, information and references about biologically hazardous agents in the workplace were analyzed and classified and pathogen safety data sheets(PSDS) sourced from the Public Health Agency of Canada were included. I intended to make it accessible from the point of view of workers and their employers. A more effective classification system of occupational infectious diseases is presented, and biologically hazardous agents were classified according to occupations, industries, infectious diseases, and so on. The handbook consists of 60 major kinds of biologically infectious occupational factors that are expected to be generated in workplaces in Korea, and are focused on practical utility. The pathogen safety data sheets(PSDS) of 192 species were also included. To allow more effective management, domestic and foreign laws and regulations are presented. Conclusions: This case report presents general information on the history and contents of the handbook and PSDS, it will also be useful in workplaces if download from the homepage of OSHRI, KOSHA(oshri.kosha.or.kr/bridge?menuID=901).

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.5-19
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• 2009

Most of earthquake-induced geotechnical hazards have been caused by the site effects relating to the amplification of ground motion, which is strongly influenced by the local geologic conditions such as soil thickness or bedrock depth and soil stiffness. In this study, an integrated GIS-based information system for geotechnical data, called geotechnical information system (GTIS), was constructed to establish a regional counterplan against earthquake-induced hazards at an urban area of Daejeon, which is represented as a hub of research and development in Korea. To build the GTIS for the area concerned, pre-existing geotechnical data collections were performed across the extended area including the study area and site visits were additionally carried out to acquire surface geo-knowledge data. For practical application of the GTIS used to estimate the site effects at the area concerned, seismic zoning map of the site period was created and presented as regional synthetic strategy for earthquake-induced hazards prediction. In addition, seismic zonation for site classification according to the spatial distribution of the site period was also performed to determine the site amplification coefficients for seismic design and seismic performance evaluation at any site in the study area. Based on this case study on seismic zonations in Daejeon, it was verified that the GIS-based GTIS was very useful for the regional prediction of seismic hazards and also the decision support for seismic hazard mitigation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to ascertain the important factors for SMEs in managing the risks of chemicals and to suggest a government role in strengthening the responsibility of small and medium enterprises(SMEs) as employers. Methods: About 100 enterprises were surveyed in Incheon. A questionnaire for employers and walk-through surveys by occupational hygienists were performed at each enterprise. Results: The results showed that most employers thought chemicals were not hazardous but chemical management was needed. When employers determine how to manage chemicals, they rely heavily on personal experience and rather less on information from the government or experts. However, if employers think the chemicals are hazardous, they do more to manage the chemicals. Conclusions: When employers think chemicals are hazardous, risk assessment would be an effective tool to control chemical hazards in SMEs. Employers' position on chemical hazards is very important. Since the government is the initiator, it is the government who develops messages for SMEs, such as "Chemicals are hazardous and management can reduce the risk of chemicals." Governmental messages can play an invaluable role in strengthening the responsibility of SME employers to manage chemical hazards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.126-135
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop risk assessment techniques and institutional analysis of domestic and international, the management techniques that can efficiently manage the harmful factor of the laboratory and to present the institutional measures that can be efficiently implemented. Due to a variety of adverse factors of laboratory, accidents of laboratory of various forms have occurred, but there is no risk assessment system in order to manage this effectively. So, we investigated this domestic existing risk assessment methods and the outside of the risk assessment system, and also analyzed accidents of domestic laboratory that occurred in 2014. In addition, we targeted the 24 laboratories in 21 universities to investigate the management of harmful factors of the laboratory and performed applying test for 12 domestic laboratories. Existing risk evaluation system, such as PMS, SMS, off-site impact assessment, since the industrial site is the subject, is a difficult problem to be directly applied to the laboratory of the research institute. So, we implemented management status and harmful factors survey and classified the research and development activities based on this data. Finally we developed "pre-hazards risk analysis method" to create each of the safety management measures. In addition, research activities personnel conducted voluntarily risk assessment, which is shared by institutions and government. It is presented the institutional system for safety management of laboratory. Its result, pre-hazards risk analysis method and institutionalization scheme will be able to achieve laboratory accident prevention system.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.467-480
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• 2014

The estimation of wind speed values used in codes and standards is an integral part of the wind load evaluation process. In a number of codes and standards, wind speeds outside of tropical cyclone prone regions are estimated using a single probability distribution developed from observed wind speed data, with no distinction made between the types of causal wind hazard (e.g., thunderstorm). Non-tropical cyclone wind hazards (i.e., thunderstorm, non-thunderstorm) have been shown to possess different probability distributions and estimation of non-tropical cyclone wind speeds based on a single probability distribution has been shown to underestimate wind speeds. Current treatment of non-tropical cyclone wind hazards in worldwide codes and standards is touched upon in this work. Meteorological data is available at a considerable number of United States (U.S.) stations that have information on wind speed as well as the type of causal wind hazard. In this paper, probability distributions are fit to distinct storm types (i.e., thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm) and the results of these distributions are compared to fitting a single probability distribution to all data regardless of storm type (i.e., co-mingled). Distributions fitted to data separated by storm type and co-mingled data will also be compared to a derived (i.e., "mixed") probability distribution considering multiple storm types independently. This paper will analyze two extreme value distributions (e.g., Gumbel, generalized Pareto). It is shown that mixed probability distribution, on average, is a more conservative measure for extreme wind speed estimation. Using a mixed distribution is especially conservative in situations where a given wind speed value for either storm type has a similar probability of occurrence, and/or when a less frequent storm type produces the highest overall wind speeds. U.S. areas prone to multiple non-tropical cyclone wind hazards are identified.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 1995

A study .to identify an occupational hazards for hospital working health care providers from needle stick injury as an occupational hazards of health care providers in hospital and prevention A survey of 2430 health professionals (2184 nurses, 182 doctors, and 64 Lab technicians) was conducted to describe and provide information about 1) the experience of needle stick. 2) the number of needle stick, 3) the treatment after needle stick. 3) the situation of needle stick, 4) the report of needle stick, 5) the cause of needle stick, 6) the discard method of used needles, and 7) how to worry about getting infection disease after needle stick. Data were collected using questionnarires constructed by the authors and tested by a pilot study. Results of the study showed that 96.7% of the sample had an experience of needle stick (96.8% of the nurses, 96.7% of the doctors, and 92.2% of Lab technicians). Seventy seven percent of the sample experienced less than 10 needle sticks, 19% of the sample experienced 11 to 20 needle sticks, and the rest of the sample experienced more than 20 needle sticks. The situations where needle sticks occurred include intrvenous injection (36.5%), intramuscular injection (21.6%), blood withdraw (17.8%), and preparation(11.8%). The study showed that needle sticks (67.5%) usually occurred after client treatment. Health professionals used recapping method (55%) after they used needles. Needle sticks were predominantly caused by the carelessness of health professionals (61%), After needle sticks, 88.2% of the sample subjects treated needle sticks using disinfection technique by themselves. Most of health professionals (92.6%) did not report the accident. and 95.6% of them did not receive any test or further treatment. After needle sticks, 87.8% of nurses, 83.6% of doctors, and 96.6% of lab technicians worried about hepatitis infection. 'Health professionals also worried about AIDS infection, tetanus, venereal infection, and skin injury. These findings suggest that health professionals are at high-risk of needle stick and fail to report needle stick accidents. They should pay more attention to needle stick in order to avoid unwanted infection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

The application of advanced Main Control Room(MCR) is accompanied with lots of changes and different forms and features through the virtue of new digital technologies. The characteristics of these digital technologies and devices give many opportunities to the interface management, and can be integrated into a compact single workstation in advanced MCR so that workers can operate the plant with minimum physical burden under any operation conditions. However, these devices may introduce new types of human errors and thus a means to evaluate and prevent such errors is needed, especially those related to characteristics of digital devices. This paper reviewed the new type of human error hazards of tasks based on digital devices and surveyed researches on physiological assessment related to human error. An experiment was performed to verify human error hazards by physiological responses such as EEG which was measured to evaluate the cognitive workload of operators. And also, the performances of four tasks which are representative in human error hazard tasks based on digital devices were compared. Response time, ${\beta}$ power spectrum rate of each task by EEG, and mental workload by NASA-TLX were evaluated. In the results of the experiment, the rate of the ${\beta}$ power was increased in the task 1 and task 4 which are searching and navigating task and memory task of hierarchical information, respectively. In case of the mental workload, in most of evaluation items, task 1 and 4 were highly rated comparatively. In this paper, human error hazards might be identified by highly cognitive workload. Conclusively, it was concluded that the predictive method which is utilized in this paper and an experimental verification can be used to ensure the safety when applying the digital devices in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.564-575
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• 2018

Recently, the possibility of promoting inter-Korean economic cooperation is increasing because the tension between South and North Korea is being reduced. Consequently, the interest in North Korea's mine development projects is growing as one of the aspects of inter-Korean economic cooperation. In the promotion of cooperation in mining development, mine hazard risk management should be considered. However, there is a lack of information pertaining to mine hazards in North Korea. To this end, this study was performed to determine the status of mining-related hazards in 12 mines in North Korea by using the image analysis feature of Google Earth. From the results obtained, we observed some mining-related hazards such as tailing dam failures, yellow boy phenomenon, and land subsidence.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2014

Objectives: Chemical hazard evaluations are important for workers' health and working environments. Allyl chloride (CAS No. 107-05-1) is used in many industries, leading to concerns about the possibility of threats to the health of workers. Since only insufficient or controversial information is available about potential related hazards, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration (CA) assay was conducted in order to gain additional information concerning any such hazards. Moreover, toxicological information from this study could be applied for workers' rights to know, and to prepare or update the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a number of industries. Methods and Results: The assay was performed using the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell (ATCC, CRL-1935), by the direct method (-S9) and by the metabolic activated method (+S9 mix). Using the direct method, the seven dosages in the 48-hour treatment group did not show that the frequency of CA is proportionate to the dosage. The frequency of CA is not proportionate to the dosage addition for a six-hour treatment using the metabolic activated method. Conclusions: From these findings, it was decided that this chemical does not induce chromosomal aberrations under the tested conditions.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.171-178
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• 2017

Data mashup is a web technology that combines information from multiple sources into a single web application. Mashup applications create a new horizon for new services, like environmental monitoring. Environmental monitoring is a serious tool for the state and private organizations, which are located in regions with environmental hazards and seek to gain insights to detect hazards and locate them clearly. These organizations utilize a data mashup to merge datasets from different Internet of multimedia things (IoMT) context-based services in order to leverage its data analytics performance and the accuracy of the predictions. However, mashup different datasets from multiple sources is a privacy hazard as it might reveal citizens specific behaviors in different regions. The ability to preserve privacy in mashuped datasets and at the same time provide accurate insights becomes a key success for the spread of mashup services. In this paper, we present our efforts to build a fog-based middleware for private data mashup (FMPM) to serve a centralized environmental monitoring service. The proposed middleware is equipped with concealment mechanisms to preserve the privacy of the merged datasets from multiple IoMT networks involved in the mashup application. Also, these mechanisms preserve the aggregates in the dataset to maximize the usability of information to attain accurate analytical results. We also provide a scenario for IoMT-enabled data mashup service and experimentation results.