• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2012

Purpose: To assess independent prognostic factors for lymph node-negative metastatic gastric cancer patients following curative resection is valuable for more effective follow-up strategies. Materials and Methods: Among 1,874 gastric cancer patients who received curative resection, 967 patients were lymph node-negative. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival in lymph node-negative gastric cancer patients grouped by tumor invasion depth (early gastric cancer versus advanced gastric cancer) were explored with univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of recurrence pattern between lymph node-negative and lymph nodepositive group. In the lymph node-negative group, the recurrence pattern differed by the depth of tumor invasion. In univariate analysis for overall survival of the early gastric cancer group, age, macroscopic appearance, histologic type, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and carcinoembryonic antigen level were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis for these factors showed that venous invasion (hazard ratio, 6.695), age (${\geq}59$, hazard ratio, 2.882), and carcinoembryonic antigen level (${\geq}5$ ng/dl, hazard ratio, 3.938) were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis of advanced gastric cancer group showed that depth of tumor invasion (T2 versus T3, hazard ratio, 2.809), and age (hazard ratio, 2.319) were prognostic factors on overall survival. Conclusions: Based on our results, independent prognostic factors such as venous permeation, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and age, depth of tumor invasion on overall survival were different between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer group in lymph node-negative gastric cancer patients. Therefore, we are confident that our results will contribute to planning follow-up strategies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2369-2374
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• 2014

Background and Aim: Selumetinib is a promising and interesting targeted therapy agent as it may reverse radioiodine uptake in patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. We conduct this metaanalysis to compare the efficacy and safety of selumetinib with current therapies in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed/ Medicine, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. Statistical analyses were carried out using either random-effects or fixed-effects models according to the heterogeneity of eligible studies. Results: Six eligible trials involved 601 patients were identified. Compared with current therapies, treatment schedules with selumetinib did not improve progression free survival (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95%CI 0.70-1.17, P= 0.448), but did identify better clinical benefits (odds ratio, 1.24; 95%CI 0.69-2.24, P = 0.472) and less disease progression (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95%CI 0.51-1.00, P = 0.052) though its impact was not statistically significant. Sub-group analysis resulted in significantly improved progression free survival (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95%CI 0.49-0.57, P = 0.00), clinical benefits (odds ratio, 3.04; 95%CI 1.60-5.77, P = 0.001) and reduced disease progression (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95%CI 0.18-0.67, P = 0.001) in patients administrated selumetinib. Dermatitis acneiform (risk ratio, 9.775; 95%CI 3.143-30.395, P = 0.00) and peripheral edema (risk ratio, 2.371; 95%CI 1.690-3.327, P = 0.00) are the most frequently observed adverse effects associated with selumetinib. Conclusions: Compared with current chemotherapy, selumetinib has modest clinical activity as monotherapy in patients with advanced cancer, but combinations of selumetinib with cytotoxic agents in patients with BRAF or KRAS mutations hold great promise for cancer treatment. Dermatitis acneiform and peripheral edema are the most frequently observed adverse effects in patients with selumetinib.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was intended to identify hazard contribution by region, media, and chemical by calculating a hazard-based index using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: PRTR data for the period 2011 to 2016 was analyzed to examine the regional trends in toxic releases in terms of quantity and to create a corresponding hazard-based index. For the hazard-based index, the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) Model was used. Results: The results of the trend analysis show that total releases decreased slightly, but health hazard levels increased consistently. According to the outcome of regional contribution analysis of the hazard-based index, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeonggi-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index for air and water release pollutants, while Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index of soil release and waste transfer pollutants. Also, as a result of the analysis of the top ranked substances in the hazard-based index, it was found that chromium, cobalt and its compounds, and ethylene oxide contributed greatly to air release substances, while chromium, benzene, and lead and its compounds contributed greatly to water release substances. Conclusion: These results showed considerable disparities between total release and health hazard levels, especially in the analysis of contribution by regions and by chemical substance. Therefore, the hazard-based index should be used both to support a more comprehensive and robust approach to screening of chemicals for environmental health policy and for management.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.114-128
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• 2005

Fuzzy information representation of multi-source spatial data is applied to landslide hazard mapping. Information representation based on frequency ratio and non-parametric density estimation is used to construct fuzzy membership functions. Of particular interest is the representation of continuous data for preventing loss of information. The non-parametric density estimation method applied here is a Parzen window estimation that can directly use continuous data without any categorization procedure. The effect of the new continuous data representation method on the final integrated result is evaluated by a validation procedure. To illustrate the proposed scheme, a case study from Jangheung, Korea for landslide hazard mapping is presented. Analysis of the results indicates that the proposed methodology considerably improves prediction capabilities, as compared with the case in traditional continuous data representation.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2007

In this paper a methodology of identifying individual pipes according to the internal and external characteristics of pipe is developed, and the methodology is applied to a case study water distribution pipe break database. Using the newly defined individual pipes the hazard rates of the cast iron 6 inch pipes are modeled by implementing the proportional hazards modeling approach for consecutive pipe failures. The covariates to be considered in the modeling procedures are selected by considering the general availability of the data and the practical applicability of the modeling results. The individual cast iron 6 inch pipes are categorized into seven ordered survival time groups according to the total number of breaks recorded in a pipe to construct distinct proportional hazard model (PHM) for each survival time group (STG). The modeling results show that all of the PHMs have the hazard rate forms of the Weibull distribution. In addition, the estimated baseline survivor functions show that the survival probabilities of the STGs generally decrease as the number of break increases. It is found that STG I has an increasing hazard rate whereas the other STGs have decreasing hazard rates. Regarding the first failure the hazard ratio of spun-rigid and spun-flex cast iron pipes to pit cast iron pipes is estimated as 1.8 and 6.3, respectively. For the second or more failures the relative effects of pipe material/joint type on failure were not conclusive. The degree of land development affected pipe failure for STGs I, II, and V, and the average hazard ratio was estimated as 1.8. The effects of length on failure decreased as more breaks occur and the population in a GRID affected the hazard rate of the first pipe failure.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2012

Purpose: Local recurrence, due to residual tumor, may occur after endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer. The aims of this study are to evaluate the predictive factors for local recurrence, and suggest an appropriate follow-up biopsy strategy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 396 early gastric cancers from 372 consecutive patients, who underwent endoscopic resection between January 2002 and April 2008. Cumulative recurrence rates were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to determine the risk factors for local recurrence. Results: Local recurrence at the endoscopic resection site was found in 17 cases, among the total 396 lesions, during a median follow-up period of 48 months. The 5-year cumulative local recurrence rate was 4.8%. Multivariate analyses determined that tumor involvement at the lateral resection margin [hazard ratio: 35.9; P<0.001], uncheckable lateral resection margin [hazard ratio: 16.8; P<0.001], uncheckable or involved deep resection margin [hazard ratio: 3.76; P=0.047], and piecemeal resection [hazard ratio: 3.95; P=0.007] were associated with local recurrence. If a lesion was positive for any of these risk factors, the 5-year cumulative recurrence rate was 27.0%, while local recurrence was not found in any lesion that lacked these risk factors. Most episodes of recurrence were found during the first or second follow-up endoscopic biopsy at the ulcer scar. Conclusions: Routine follow-up biopsies at the endoscopic resection site might be unnecessary in cases where an early gastric cancer lesion was endoscopically resected en bloc with tumor-free lateral and deep margins.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

The entire land of Southern Iran faces problems arising out of various types of land degradation of which vegetation degradation forms one of the major types. The present work introduces a model developed for assessing the current status of hazard of vegetation degradation using Geographic Information System (GIS). This kind of assessment differs from those assessments based on vulnerability or potential hazard assessments. The Sadra watershed which covers the upper reaches of Marharlu basin, Fars Province, has been chosen for a hazard assessment of this type of degradation. The different kinds of data for indicators of current status of vegetation degradation were gathered from collecting of field data and also records of the governmental offices of Iran. Taking into consideration three indicators of current status of vegetation degradation the model identifies areas with different hazard classes. By fixing the thresholds of severity classes of the three indicators including per cent of vegetation cover, biomass production and ratio of actual biomass to potential biomass production, a hazard map for each indicator was first prepared in GIS. The final hazard map of current status of vegetation degradation was prepared by intersecting three hazards in the GIS. Results show areas under severe hazard class have been found to be widespread (89 %) while areas under moderate and very severe hazard classes have been found less extensive in the Sadra watershed. The preparation of hazard maps based on the GIS analysis of these indicators will be helpful for prioritizing the areas to initiate remedial measures.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.428-439
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• 2003

여러 지질재해 중에서 산사태로부터 피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 미래의 산사태에 대해 취약한 지역의 추정이 필요하다. 산사태 위험성의 정량적 분석을 목적으로, 본 논문에서는 확률론적 공간통합 방법인 베이지안 기법의 적용가능성에 대해서 논의하고자 한다. 우선 산사태 발생과 관련이 있는 여러 공간자료의 확률론적 표현을 위해 우도비 함수를 사용하였으며, 베이지안 결합 규칙을 이용하여 최종적으로 통합된 검증을 수행하였다. 이러한 방법의 적용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 1998년 여름 산사태 공간 분포의 분할을 통한 검증을 수행하였다. 이러한 방법의 적용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 1998년 여름 산사태로 피해를 입은 경기도 장흥지역을 대상으로 사례연구를 수행하였다. 사례연구 수행 결과, 우도비에 기반한 베이지안 공간 통합 기법은 효율적으로 다양한 공간 자료를 통합할 수 있었으며, 검증결과는 해석과 의사결정 보조자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of obesity on the incidence of diabetes mellitus in adults with pre-diabetes. Methods: This study employed a longitudinal study design and utilized secondary data drawn from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. This study used data from a sample of 3,693 adults with prediabetes who were followed every two years from 2001 to 2018. Statistical data analysis for frequency, number of cases per 1,000 person-years, log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics version 26. Results: During the observation period, there were 1,309 (35.4%) patients with diabetes, and the total number of person-years was 35,342. The incidence of diabetes was higher in the obese group compared to the normal weight group (body mass index [BMI]: hazard ratio=1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.40~1.77, waist: hazard ratio=1.55, 95% CI=1.38~1.76, waist to hip ratio [WHR]: hazard ratio=1.53, 95% CI=1.24~1.89, body fat [BF] (%): hazard ratio=1.42, 95% CI=1.27~1.61). Conclusion: An increase in BMI, waist circumference, and WHR, which are indicators of obesity, can exacerbate the risk factors for diabetes. Thus, a decrease in BMI, waist circumference, and WHR is necessary to prevent pre-diabetes. In particular, health care professionals should provide individualized weight management program interventions, including adult obesity programs and obesity counseling in partnership with local health departments, to reduce BMI and waist circumference in people at high risk for diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.955-960
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• 2009

As we shall dene an exponentiated complementary power function distribution, we shall consider moments, hazard rate, and inference for parameter in the distribution. And we shall consider an inference of the reliability and distributions for the quotient and the ratio in two independent exponentiated complementary power function random variables.