• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hazard factors

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Introduction of Fire Protection Technology and Its Design Method of Offshore Facilities (해양플랜트의 방화대책 및 설계기술 소개)

  • Koo, Myeong Jun;Choi, Jae Woong;Yoon, Ho Byung
    • Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 2013
  • The dimensioning accidental loads have been selected through suitable quantitative risk assessment and generally utilized important factors for offshore facility design. The fire hazard can be quantified with dimensioning fire loads. The main purposes of fire protection are to maintain the functionality of safety systems within evacuation period and to prevent the escalation from initial fire to uncontrolled catastrophic fire. This paper introduces the applications and the design methods of active and passive fire protections as representative measures of fire protection of offshore facilities. The passive fire protection requires the high initial installation cost and much difficulty on the operation of facilities and their maintenance. The oil major clients have asked the design contractors of offshore facilities to optimize the amount of passive fire protection with relevant engineering technology recently.

Effects of the Late Marriage of Korean Women on the First-birth Interval (우리나라 여성의 만혼(晩婚) 이 첫 출산간격에 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, Woo-Jin;Lee, Kyoung-Ae;Lee, Sun-Mi
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.213-220
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    • 2006
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of women's late age of marriage on the interval between marriage and their first birth Methods: Data from Year 2000 Korea National Fertility Survey was collected through direct interview questionings, and the data was analyzed based on randomly selected sampling. In particular, the married women (N=5,648) were analyzed for the factors that determined the first-birth interval by performing Cox's proportional hazard model survival analysis. Results: Unlike previous findings, the woman whose age of marriage was 30 or more was more likely to delay the birth of her first baby than were the other women who married earlier. Further, a woman's age at marriage, a woman's residence before marriage, her husband's religion, her husband's level of education and the difference in age between the woman and her husband significantly influenced the first-birth interval. In contrast, for a married woman, her age, level of education, current residence and religion were not significant predictors of her first birth interval. Conclusions: Our study showed that women who married at the age of 30 years or more tend to postpone their first birth in Korea. When facing the increasing number of women who marry at a late age, the Korean government should implement population and social policies to encourage married women have their first child as early as possible.

Risk identification, assessment and monitoring design of high cutting loess slope in heavy haul railway

  • Zhang, Qian;Gao, Yang;Zhang, Hai-xia;Xu, Fei;Li, Feng
    • Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 2018
  • The stability of cutting slope influences the safety of railway operation, and how to identify the stability of the slope quickly and determine the rational monitoring plan is a pressing problem at present. In this study, the attribute recognition model of risk assessment for high cutting slope stability in the heavy haul railway is established based on attribute mathematics theory, followed by the consequent monitoring scheme design. Firstly, based on comprehensive analysis on the risk factors of heavy haul railway loess slope, collapsibility, tectonic feature, slope shape, rainfall, vegetation conditions, train speed are selected as the indexes of the risk assessment, and the grading criteria of each index is established. Meanwhile, the weights of the assessment indexes are determined by AHP judgment matrix. Secondly, The attribute measurement functions are given to compute attribute measurement of single index and synthetic attribute, and the attribute recognition model was used to assess the risk of a typical heavy haul railway loess slope, Finally, according to the risk assessment results, the monitoring content and method of this loess slope were determined to avoid geological disasters and ensure the security of the railway infrastructure. This attribute identification- risk assessment- monitoring design mode could provide an effective way for the risk assessment and control of heavy haul railway in the loess plateau.

Pancreatic Cancer in Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital: A Retrospective Review of Years 2001-2008

  • Norsa'adah, Bachok;Nur-Zafira, Azemi;Knight, Aishah
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.2857-2860
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    • 2012
  • Pancreatic cancer is usually detected late and has a high mortality rate. Since little is known about this cancer in Malaysia, a review of all cases admitted to Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital was conducted to identify the epidemiological distribution and assess survival. A list of pancreatic cancer patients in 2001-2008 was obtained from the Hospital Record Department. Only cases confirmed by radio-imaging or histo-pathology examination were included. We excluded those with incomplete medical records. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard approaches were used for data analysis. Only 56 cases were included with a mean (SD) age of 49.6 (16.0) years, with 60.7% males and 82.1% of Malay ethnicity. Previous history included cholelithiasis in 23.2%, diabetes mellitus in 16.1%, previous laparotomy in 10.7%, chronic pancreatitis in 7.1%, alcohol drinking in 5.4% and positive family history in 3.6%. The common presenting history included 67.9% loss of appetite, 66.1% loss of weight, 58.9% jaundice and 46.4% abdominal pain. Tumour staging was: 21.5% stage l, 17.8% stage ll, 3.6% stage lll and 57.1% stage lV. The median (95% CI) survival time was 3.4 (0.5, 6.3) months and significant prognostic factors were duration of symptoms (HR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.99; p value 0.013), ascites (HR 2.64; 95% CI: 1.28, 5.44; p value 0.008) and Whipple surgery (HR 4.20; 95% CI: 2.27, 7.76; p value <0.001). The history of presenting complaints was short and the majority presented at late stages of the disease, thus the median survival time was very poor.

Elevated PIVKA-II is Associated with Early Recurrence and Poor Prognosis in BCLC 0-A Hepatocellular Carcinomas

  • Wang, Bei-Li;Tan, Qi-Wen;Gao, Xing-Hui;Wu, Jiong;Guo, Wei
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.16
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    • pp.6673-6678
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    • 2014
  • Background: To investigate the prognostic value of serum PIVKA-II (prothrombin induced by the absence of vitamin K or antagonist-II) in BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer) 0-A hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after curative resection. Materials and Methods: Preoperative sera were collected from 140 patients with BCLC 0-A HCCs undergoing curative resection during 2011-2012 in Zhongshan Hospital. Follow-up ended on November 2013. ELISA was used to detect the serum concentrations of preoperative PIVKA-II. The prognostic value of PIVKA-II and other clinicopathological factors was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results: During follow-up, 39 of 140 patients suffered recurrence and the 1-year recurrence rate was 27.9%. The high-PIVKA-II expression group had lower 1-year time to progression (TTP) compared with the low-expression group (54.8% vs 20.2%, p<0.001). Patients with high preoperative PIVKA-II expression showed a relatively higher risk of developing postoperative recurrence than those with low expression in the low-recurrence-risk subgroups, including ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein ${\leq}400ng/mL$ (45.4% vs 16.7%; p=0.006), tumor size ${\leq}5cm$ (54.2% vs 18.1%; p<0.001), single tumor (56.0% vs 19.1%; p<0.001), absence of satellite lesions (53.3% vs 19.8%; p=0.001), absence of vascular invasion (52.6% vs 14.9%; p=0.002), and Edmondson stage I/II (60.9% vs 20.3%; p<0.001). PIVKA-II was the strongest independent prognostic factor for TTP (hazard ratio, 2.877; 95% CI 1.524-5.429; p=0.001). Conclusions: Elevated PIVKA-II is associated with early recurrence of BCLC 0-A HCC after curative resection and can be considered a novel prognostic predictor.

Five Year Survival of Women with Breast Cancer in Yazd

  • Fallahzadeh, Hossein;Momayyezi, Mahdieh;Akhundzardeini, Razie;Zarezardeini, Sadegh
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.16
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    • pp.6597-6601
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    • 2014
  • Background: Cancer is a non-communicable disease that is considered deadly in many cases. In recent years, the mortality rates from breast cancer have increased with increasing incidences. The present study was conducted to determine five year survival of women with breast cancer in Yazd, in the central region of Iran. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, data were obtained from the patient's medical records with breast cancer that were referred to the Shahid Sadoughi hospital and radiotherapy center from 2002-2007 and followed up for 5 years. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS/16 and Kaplan-Meyer test and log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model was used. Results: The mean age of breast cancer diagnosis was $48.3{\pm}11.7$ years. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year cumulative survivals for breast cancer patients were 95%, 86%, 82%, 76% and 70%, respectively. There were significant differences with age distribution (p=0.006). A significant decrease in the 5-year survival in patients with involvement of lymph nodes was lso observed. Conclusions: Education for early diagnosis in women must be considered and these findings support the need for breast cancer screening programs.

A Study on Workers' Risk-Aware Smart Bands System in Explosive Areas (폭발위험지역 근로자 위험 인지형 스마트밴드시스템에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Byong-Kwon
    • Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 2019
  • Research is underway on services and systems that provide real-time alerts for suffocating gases and potentially explosive materials, but currently smart bend type services are lacking. This study supports real-time identification of explosion hazards due to static electricity in the workplace and immediate elimination of accident occurrence factors, real-time monitoring of worker status and workplace hazards (oxygen, hazardous chemical concentration), and immediate warning and data in case of danger. We propose a method of establishing an accident prevention system through analysis. In this way, various accidents that may occur in industrial sites are monitored using IoT-based intelligent sensor nodes, wireless network technology, data processing middleware, and integrated control system, and real-time risk information at the industrial sites is prevented and accidents are prevented. By supporting a safe working environment, the company can significantly reduce costs compared to post-procurement costs.

On Reducing Systemic Failure of Safety-Critical Systems by DSM-based Systematic Design of Interfaces (안전중시 시스템에서 DSM 기반 인터페이스 설계를 통한 시스템 오류 감축에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Ho-Jeon;Lee, Jae-Chon
    • Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2015
  • The demand from customers on better products and systems seems to be ever increasing. To meet the demand, the systems are becoming more and more complicated in terms of both scale and functionality, thereby requiring enormous effort in the development. One bright spot of this trend is that such effort has been the driving forces of the remarkable advancement in modern systems development. On the other hand, safety issues appear to be critical in many large-scale systems such as transportation and weapon systems including high-speed trains, airplanes, ships, missiles/rockets launchers, and so on. Such systems turn out to be prone to a variety of faults and thus the resultant failure can cause disastrous accidents. For the reason, they can be referred to as safety-critical systems. The systems failure can be attributed to either random or systemic factors (or sometimes both). The objective of this paper is on how to reduce potential systemic failure in safety critical systems. To do so, a proper system design is pursued to minimize the risk of systemic failure. A focus is placed on the fact that complex systems have a lot of complicated interfaces among the system elements. To effectively handle the sources of hazards at the complicated interfaces and resultant failure, a method is developed by utilizing a design structure matrix. As a case study, the developed method is applied in the design of train control systems.

Radiation for persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: a need for reassessment

  • Choi, Noorie;Chang, Ji Hyun;Kim, Suzy;Kim, Hak Jae
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.144-152
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The role of radiotherapy (RT) was largely deserted after the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy, but still survival rates are disappointingly low. This study focuses on assessing the clinical efficacy of RT in relation to chemotherapy resistance. Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to January 2015, 44 patients were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and treated with palliative RT for persistent or recurrent EOC. All patients received initial treatment with optimal debulking surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. The biologically effective dose (BED) was calculated with ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ set at 10. Ninety-four sites were treated with RT with a median BED of 50.7 Gy (range 28.0 to 79.2 Gy). The primary end-point was the in-field local control (LC) interval, defined as the time interval from the date RT was completed to the date any progressive or newly recurring disease within the RT field was detected on radiographic imaging. Results: The median follow-up duration was 52.3 months (range 7.7 to 179.0 months). The 1-year and 2-year in-field LC rates were 66.0% and 55.0%, respectively. Comparisons of percent change of in-field tumor response showed similar distribution of responses among chemoresistant and chemosensitive tumors. On multivariate analysis of predictive factors for in-field LC analyzed by sites treated, $BED{\geq}50Gy$ (hazard ratio, 0.4; confidence interval, 0.2-0.9; p = 0.025) showed better outcomes. Conclusion: Regardless of resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy, RT can be a feasible treatment modality for patients with persistent of recurrent EOC. The specific role of RT using updated approaches needs to be reassessed.

A study on the Recognition of Material Safety Data Sheets and Safety of Handling Harmful Chemicals in Dental Hygienists (치과위생사의 물질안전보건자료 인식도와 유해화학물질 취급 시 안전 실태에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Eun-Kyoung;Chung, Kyung-Yi
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.185-194
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to understand the dental hygienist's perception of dental materials and to understand the safety status of harmful chemicals. The study was conducted from January to February 2015 for 250 dental hygienists working in Gwangju Metropolitan City. as a result, the degree of recognition of MSDS for dental materials was higher with age (P <0.05) and higher in dental hygienist (P <0.001) working at dental hospital. (P <0.001), and the factors affecting the perception of first aid treatment were positively correlated with experience of hazard education (P <0.001). Therefore, by understanding the MSDS awareness of dental materials by dental hygienists and the safety situation in the handling of hazardous chemical substances, we provide basic data for establishing proper recognition of safety in the handling of harmful chemical substances and developing educational programs to prevent accidents.