• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.134-137
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• 1988

인삼 종자의 발육시기별 종자 및 배유의 크기, 사포닌, 유리당 그리고 지방산의 함량을 조사하였던바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 종자의 크기(길이, 폭, 두께) 생장은 개화후 35 일경에, 배유의 크기 생장은 개화후 50일경에 완료되었으나 장육을 제거하지 않은 종자의 무게는 개화후 65일까지 감소되었다. 2. 총사포닌 및 ginsenosides의 함량은 개화후 일수가 경과할수록 감소되었다. 3. Glucose, maltose 및 fructose의 함량은 개화후 일수가 경과할수록 감소되었으나 sucrose 함량은 경과일수에 따라 증가되었다. 4 Palmitic 산의 함량은 개화후 일수가 경과함에 따라 감소경향이었으나 oleic, linoleic 및 stearic산은 경과일수에 따라 증가되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1181-1186
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• 2013

Due to climate change, the occurrence of abnormal weather conditions has become more frequent, causing damage to vegetable crops grown in Korea. Hot pepper, Chinese cabbage and radish, the three most popular vegetables in Korea, are produced more in the field than in the greenhouse. It has been a trend that the time for field transplanting of seedlings is getting earlier and earlier as the spring temperatures keep rising. Seedlings transplanted too early in the spring take a longer time to resume the normal growth, because they are exposed to suboptimal temperature conditions. This study examined the influence of air temperature during seedling growth on the time required to reach the first fruit maturity and yield of hot pepper. Seedling plants of 'Super Manita' hot pepper was grown in temperatures $2.5^{\circ}C$ and $5.0^{\circ}C$ lower than the optimum temperature (determined by the average of temperatures for the past 5 years). Seedlings were transplanted into round plastic containers (30-cm diam., 45-cm height) and were placed in growth chambers in which the ambient temperature was controlled under natural sunlight. The growth of seedlings under lowered temperatures was reduced compared to the control. The mineral (K, Mg, P, N) concentrations in the leaf tissues were higher when plants were grown with the ambient temperature $2.5^{\circ}C$ lower than the optimum, regardless of changes in other growth parameters. Tissue calcium (Ca) concentration was the highest in the plants grown with optimum temperature. The carbohydrate to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, which was the highest (18.3) in the plants grown with optimum temperature, decreased concomitantly as the ambient temperature was lowered $2.5^{\circ}C$ and $5.0^{\circ}C$. The yield of the early harvested fruits was also reduced as the ambient temperature became lower. The first fruit harvest date for the plants grown with optimum temperature (June 27) was 13 days and 40 days, respectively, earlier than that in plants grown with $2.5^{\circ}C$ (July 10) and $5.0^{\circ}C$ (Aug 6) lower ambient temperatures. The fruit yield per plant for the optimum temperature (724 g) was the greatest compared to those grown with $2.5^{\circ}C$ (446 g) and $5.0^{\circ}C$ (236 g) lower temperatures. The result of this study suggests that the growers should be cautioned not to transplant their hot pepper seedlings too early into the field, since it may delay the time of first harvest eventually reducing total fruit yield.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2020

We analyzed the cutting mechanism of laver harvesting machine in the sea area near Gooam Port in Goheung, Jeollanam-do, and investigated the change and efficiency of laver collecting operation in the working ship. The laver working ship slides uniformly from the bow to the upper part of the laver collecting machine on the deck and cuts the wet laver attached to the bottom of the net at the blade of the havesting machine. The laver farming net, which was loaded with laver turrets on the deck by gravity and collected primitives, consisted of a ship structure that led to the stern side and into the sea. The working ship operation is in harvesting process while driving in a S-shape that is separated by one space to efficiently collect the laver net. During laver working ship operation, the speed was 0.51 m/s in the access stage, 0.56 m/s in the havesting stage, and 0.52 m/s in the exit stage. Considering the cutting edge life and production efficiency of the laver harvesting machine, it is appropriate to harvest 1.15 to 1.26 kg/rpm by operating at a rotational speed of about 700 to 800 rpm rather than forcibly harvesting the product at high speed. On the deck of the working ship, 959.7 kg of starboard and 1048.7 kg of center were 964.7 kg of port side. Based on the starboard, 9.3% of the central part and 0.5% of the port side appeared. The reason for this was due to the difference in harvest time according to the turning direction of the working ship.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2020

These experiments were to investigate the variations of rye on forage quality, productivity and β-carotene concentration affected by maturity in Pyeongchang region. Limited information are available about how forage quality and β-carotene content are affected by various factors. Samples were collected from rye harvested every 5 days, from April 25 to May 31 (April 25, April 30, May 4, May 9, May 15, May 21, May 25 and May 31). Dry matter (DM) content, plant height, DM yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield increased continuously with the progressed maturity. However, crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) decreased markedly with the delay of harvesting, while TDN content decreased from April 25 till May 15, then followed by a stable fluctuation. Conversely, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) value increased and then fluctuated slightly after blooming stage. For quality of plant parts, stem contained the lowest CP content and RFV value, and the highest ADF and NDF contents compared with other parts, while the grain showed the higher CP, IVDMD, RFV and lower fiber contents than others. With the plant matured, leaf proportion decreased while stem and grain proportion increased, and feed value of all the three parts decreased till blooming stage and followed by a stable phase. β-carotene concentration showed its highest on jointing stage, and then fell down sharply on the sequential stages. In conclusion, harvest around May 15 (blooming) is proper for forage rye if directly consumed by livestock as green chop in Pyeongchang under the consideration of both nutritive yield and forage quality.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2015

Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) affects the quality of flowers, fruits, and other horticultural products. Studies have provided evidence that LPE can accelerate ripening of fruits and prolong shelf-life at the same time. In this study, the influence of LPE on anthocyanin accumulation and phytochemical characteristics of sweet cherry was investigated. LPE ($10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) was applied to a commercial sweet cherry c.v. '0900 Ziraat' orchard two and four weeks before harvest for two treatment years (2011 and 2012). Preharvest applications of LPE resulted in significant improvement in both pomological and phytochemical attributes at harvest. LPE treatment led to a 17% increase in fruit weight and a 6% increase in soluble solid content when averaged over two experimental years. Fruit phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity were increased significantly. The average total phenolic content of LPE-treated fruits for the two years was $703{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g fresh weight (g FW) compared to $569{\mu}g$ GAE/g FW in the untreated control. Fruits treated with LPE had a 27% and 16% more anthocyanin than the control fruits in 2011 and 2012. Antioxidant capacity of fruits, as measured by TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) assay, was 12.5 and $11.4{\mu}mol$ TE/g FW in LPE-treated and untreated control fruits, respectively, when averaged over two experimental years. Our results suggest that preharvest application of LPE may have the potential to increase anthocyanin accumulation, improve fruit quality and enhance phytochemical characteristics of sweet cherries.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2005

Higher level of KCl application stimulated both leaf area index and leaf area duration in all cassava varieties, while the leaf and tuber number of the bitter varieties (high cyanide-level varieties) decreased in proportion to the level of KCl application. The root/shoot (R/S) ratio and harvest index (HI) were negatively related with the level of KCl application in all cassava varieties. The bitter varieties obtained the lowest R/S ratio at the level of 100 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, while the sweet varieties (low cyanide-level varieties) acquired the highest values at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. Also, the sweet varieties showed the lowest HI at the level of 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, but the bitter varieties at the level of 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. At 6 - 8 months after planting, the sweet varieties tended to obtain higher starch content of roots (tubers) at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, while the bitter varieties at the level of 150 - 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$. Relatively lower level of 50 - 150 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ was more appropriate for decreasing hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content of roots (tubers) in the sweet varieties at the harvest time, and the level of 250 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ was adequate to decrease not only HCN content of leaves but also that of roots (tubers) in the bitter varieties during the growing period. To obtain higher yield and starch content of tubers, and lower HCN content of roots (tubers), it was recommended that the sweet varieties are applied with the level of 50 - 100 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$ and the bitter varieties with the level of 150 - 200 kg KCl $ha^{-1}$, respectively, in Latosol soils of Bogor areas, West Java.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-55
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• 1977

This experimental work was conducted in order to find out the optimum time of harvest of Japonica-type(Akibare) and Indica-type(Tong-il) rice variety for three harvesting systems by investigating the harvestirg losses and milling quality. The study was also concerned atout the nature and amount of grain losses incurred during the each sequence of post-harvest technologies, and based on these results, a modification of existing systems giving a minimum grain loss was attempted. Binder, combine, and traditional harvesting systems were tested in this study and five grain moisture levels were disposed according to the decrease of grain moisture. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The total losses of Akibare variety were ranged from 1.1 to 1.5 per cent for the traditional harvesting system, 2.1 to 4.8 percent for the harvesting system by use of binder, and 2.8 to 4.3 percent for the harvesting system by use of combine as the grain moisture content was reduced from 24 to 15 per cent. Milling recovery of the harvesting system by use of binder, 74.8~ 75.7 percent, was a little higher as it was compared to that of traditional harvesting system, 74. 3~75. 0 percent, and that of the harvesting system by use of combine, 73.8~ 75.0 per cent. Head rice recovery of mechanically dried paddy samples was higher than that of sun-dried paddy samples. 2. The total losses of Tong-il variety were ranged from 3.8 to 5.0 per cent for the traditional harvesting system, 5.2 to 10.0 percent for the system by use of binder, and 3.0 to 5.0 perent for the system by use of combine as the grain moisture was reduced from 28 to 16 percent.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.56-80
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• 1977

This experimental work was conducted in order to find out the optimum time of harvest of Japonica-type (Akibare) and Indica-type(Tong-il) rice variety for three harvesting systems by investigating the harvesting losses and milling quality. The study was also concerned about the nature and amount of grain losses incurred during the each sequence of post-harvest technologies, and based on these result, a modification of existing systems giving a minimum grain loss was attempted. Binder, combine, and traditional systems were tested in this study and five grain moisture levels were disposed according to the decrease of grain moisture . The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The total losses of Akibare variety were ranged from 1.1 to 1.5 per cent for the traditional harvesting system , 2.1 to 4.8 per cent for the harvesting system by use of binder, and 2.8 to 4.3 per cent for the harvesting system by use of combine as the grain moisture content was reduced from 24 to 15 percent. Milling recovery of the harvesting system by use of binder, 74.8 ∼75.7 percent, was a little higher as it was compared to that of traditional harvesting system, 74.3 ∼75.0per cent, and that of the harvesting system by use of combine, 73.8 ∼75.0 per cent. Head rice recovery of mechanically dried paddy samples was higher than that of sun-dried paddy samples. 2. The total losses of Tong-il variety were ranged from 3.8 to 5.0 per cent for the traditional harvesting system, 5.2 to 10.0 percent for the system by use of binder, and 3.0 to 5.0 per cent for the system by use of combine as the grain moisture was reduced from 28 to 16 per cent. 3. Milling recovery of Tong-il variety harvested by the traditional harvesting system was 72.3 ∼73.6 percent and it was lower when compared to that of 72.3∼75.0 per cent harvested by binder, and 73.0∼74.6 percent harvested by combine. 4. Head rice recovery of Tong-il variety harvested by the traditional harvesting system (58.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of weed interference and starter fertilizer on subsequent soybean seed quality at the Agricultural Research Farm and Laboratory of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Two factorial experiment was laid-outon a randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was starter fertilizer levels (0 and 25 kg $ha^{-1}$) applied in the forms of monoammonium phosphate, the second factor was different weed interference periods consisted of five initial weed-free periods (in which, plots were kept free of weeds for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE) and then weeds were allowed to grow until harvest) and five initial weed-infested periods (in which, weeds were allowed to grow for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60DAE, after which the plots were kept free of weeds until harvest). Full season weedy condition reduced 100-seed weight, seed germination percentage and seedling dry weight by 25.9, 13.3 and 22.5%, respectively and increased mean germination time and seed electrical conductivity by 55.8 and 24.3%, respectively as compared with full season weed-free control. However, the traits under study were not significantly influenced when field was kept free of weeds for at least 45 DAE (R1) or weedy condition was continued for less than 30 DAE (V8). There was a significant and negative correlation between weed biomass and seed weight (r = -0.93), so that when weed free condition was less than 45 DAE or weed infested period was continued for at least 30 DAE, soybean plants produced wrinkled and underdeveloped seeds with lower weights and qualities. Moreover, soybean seed quality reduction due to weed interference was more evident when starter fertilizer was applied and weeds interfered with soybean from the beginning of the growing season. Information from the present study is beneficial in soybean seed production systems and where farmers use the harvested seeds for the following planting.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.234-239
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• 1998

근적외 분광분석법으로 사과의 유리산 함량을 비파괴적으로 측정함에 있어서 사과 착즙액의 갈변에 의한 영향은 있었으나 실활처리 및 적정 알칼리액 농도는 측정 정확도에 영향을 주지 않았다. 수확기 사과의 유리산 함량은 수확 시기를 달리한 시료로 작성한 검량식을 사용하여 측정하였는데 중회귀분석 결과, 중상관계수(R)는 0.77이었고 측정오차(SEP)는 0.03%이었다. 저장 중인 사과의 유리산 함량은 저장하여 유리산 함량폭이 넓은 시료로 작성한 검량식을 사용하여 측정하였으며 그 결과 R은 0.90, SEP는 약 0.04%이었다. 근적외 분광분석법을 응용하여 사과 중의 유리산 함량을 정확히 정량하기는 다소 미흡하나 높은 산 함량치와 낮은 산 함량치를 가지는 사과로 분류하는 것은 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.