• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2002

This study aims to discover the landscape image of bridges and their harmonization wish surrounding sceneries. This research utilized the basic study tool of psycho-physics and processed the case study of five types of bridges on the Han-River, Seoul. Twenty-one bridges on Han-River were classified into five categories ; the cable stayed bridge, the arch bridge, the girder bridge, the trust bridge and the suspension bridge. Also, aesthetic elements of the bridges including the form the texture, the color, the scale and the harmony were examined. The questionaires to analysis the image and harmonization with surrounding sceneries were designed using semantic differential scale and 5 point Likert scale. The results of the research were as follows. First, components representing the images of bridge landscape are classified into three types, ‘beauty’, ‘weightfulness’ and ‘friendliness’. Second, the image of each bridge as a whole turns out not to be different from each other but to be different in the context of neighboring sceneries. It was also determined that both the Cable Stayed Bridge type and the Arch Bridge type are the most attractive. But, the former does have a more masculine image, and the latter has a m[n feminine image. Third, the Cable Stayed Bridge and the Arch Bridge were evaluated highly in terms of harmonization with surrounding landscapes, while the Girder Bridge received the lowest evaluation. All of the above results suggest that the bridges should be constructed not only for beauty itself in form, color, texture and scale, but also in harmonization with the surrounding landscape. Lastly, it is desirable to do further research to find out sort specific design principles that exist between bridges and tangible surrounding landscape types.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1119-1128
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• 2018

Background/Aims: In multicenter clinical trials, laboratory tests are performed in the laboratory of each center, mostly using different measuring methodologies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate coefficients of variation (CVs) of laboratory results produced by various measuring methods and to determine whether mathematical data adjustment could achieve harmonization between the methods. Methods: We chose 10 clinical laboratories, including Green Cross Laboratories (GC Labs), the central laboratory, for the measurement of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum triglycerides, creatinine, and glucose. The serum panels made with patient samples referred to GC Labs were sent to the other laboratories. Twenty serum samples for each analyte were prepared, sent frozen, and analyzed by each participating laboratory. Results: All methods used by participating laboratories for the six analytes had traceability by reference materials and methods. When the results from the nine laboratories were compared with those from GC Labs, the mean CVs for total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and glucose analyzed using the same method were 1.7%, 3.7%, 4.3%, and 1.7%, respectively; and those for triglycerides and creatinine analyzed using two different methods were 4.5% and 4.48%, respectively. After adjusting data using Deming regression, the mean CV were 0.7%, 1.4%, 1.8%, 1.4%, 1.6%, and 0.8% for total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, creatinine, and glucose, respectively. Conclusions: We found that more comparable results can be produced by laboratory data harmonization using commutable samples. Therefore, harmonization efforts should be undertaken in multicenter trials for accurate data analysis (CRIS number; KCT0001235).

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2002

The various sectors of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have been addressing the evolution of thirdgeneration and future wireless systems in the context of a comprehensive International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000) project, and within the ITU’s Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) a Special Study Group on “IMT-2000 and Beyond” has been established to address the network aspects of these emerging wireless systems. The Special Study Group (SSG) is playing a global role in this general area, in which a number of regional standards development organizations and a variety of industry forums are also active. This paper provides background information on the SSG and describes the SSG’s ongoing work addressing medium-term issues relating to convergence of fixed and mobile systems and the harmonization of evolving IMT-2000 systems. The paper also addresses related mobility management aspects.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.3-28
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• 2018

This article discusses the deadlock in the WTO on multilateral harmonization of nonpreferential rules of origin (RoO) and reviews some of the RoO included in recent preferential trade agreements. We argue that there is a trend towards adoption of similar approaches and that this suggests that cooperation to reduce the trade-impeding effects of differences in RoO across jurisdictions is more feasible than often is assumed by observers and policymakers. From a trade facilitation perspective such cooperation could be based on plurilateral initiatives under the umbrella of the WTO. These could include a focus on pursuit of greater convergence between preferential and nonpreferential RoO helping to achieve the long-standing goal of moving towards harmonization of rules of origin.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.44-57
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• 2003

최근 ATSC DASE 기반의 지상파 데이터방송 실험방송의 성공적인 수행 및 DVB MHP 기반의 위성 데이터 방송에 대한 일반인의 관심이 급속히 증대되고 있는 반면, 매체간 규격이 상이한 관계로 데이터방송 콘텐츠의 메체간 재전송 및 콘텐츠의 재사용에는 어려움이 예상되고 있다. 이에 매체간 호환성을 확보하기 위한 노력으로 공통 규격을 만들려는 Harmonization 활동이 본격적으로 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 고에서는 최근의 데이터방송 표준화 동향을 살펴보고 현재 진행중인 Harmonization 현황과 향후 전망을 살펴본다.

• 발명특허
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• v.15 no.9 s.175
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• pp.38-45
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• 1990

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.35-46
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• 1996

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.179-201
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• 2018

Food labelling rules reflect the interaction of a number of factors such as industry needs for marketing flexibility and minimal regulations, consumer's rights to know what is in the product and public health concerns. However, food labelling rules could apply to international trade as non-tariff barriers so it is necessary to make multilateral harmonization of food labelling rules. For this, GATT XX, SPS, and TBT of the WTO can serve as jurisprudence in agreements. Lgnoring the safety problems of GM food, which is currently a worldwide issue, it is a situation that needs international harmonization of GM food labelling methods, harmonization of technical terms which are used in Korean law, and clear interpretation criteria for GM food labelling methods and contents are vital for sustainable trade in agricultural products. Therefore, this study proposes interpretation criteria through major trade countries' GM food labelling methods and an examination of Korean law. Furthermore, this study proposes international harmonization guidelines for GM food in the future.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.238-239
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• 2011

현재 차세대 지능형 전력망인 스마트 그리드의 연구와 투자가 본격적으로 진행되고 있다. 스마트 그리드의 중추적인 역할을 하는 변전소는 국제표준인 IEC 61850을 기반으로 진행되고 있으며 앞으로 범위를 넓혀 전력계통의 모든 과정을 표준화하고 자동화하는 표준이 필요하다. 이러한 모든 전력계통을 통합화하는 표준으로 IEC 61970 공통정보모델 CIM(Common Information Model)이 있다. CIM은 전력계통 전반에 사용되는 데이터, 장치, 연결 등을 포함하는 객체들을 나타내는 추상적 모델이다. 또한, 객체 클래스들을 이용하여 시스템을 통합하는 방법을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 CIM에 대한 개요 및 구성에 대해 간단히 살펴보고 CIM이 구성하는 패키지에 대해서 알아본다. 또한, CIM과 IEC 61850의 차이점을 알아보고 현재 CIM과 IEC 61850의 Harmonization 현황에 대해 알아본다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate drug classification system in Korea and other developed countries. Laws and regulations of Korea regarding the system were retrieved from sources posted in Ministry of Government Legislation. We also reviewed previous research reports performed as part of government's effort to reform the system The system in the foreign countries was retrieved from the official homepage operated by each country's government. There have been two research funded by Korean government, which strongly suggested that the system should be reformed. However, we found that the system was never reformed and still effective. Drug classification system in US and most western countries consists of two categories, i.e., prescription drugs and non-prescription drugs except UK, which classifies into three categories: Prescription Only Medicines, Pharmacy Medicines, and General Sales List Medicines. Interestingly, in Japan, non-prescription drugs are further classified into three groups: Group 1, 2, and 3. Recently, Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) in Korea proposed a plan to reclassify all the approved drugs according to purportedly rational and scientific criteria. However, the plan does not include reform of the existing laws and regulations, which appears that it is just one-time action rather than a sustainable administration backed up by law. Therefore, it is recommended that Korean MOHW take appropriate action on laws and regulations with regard to the system to meet global harmonization standard.