• 제목/요약/키워드: Harmful algal bloom species

검색결과 62건 처리시간 0.019초

전북 새만금 남쪽 해역의 유해성 적조 발생연구 1. 1999년도 여름-가을 식물플랑크톤의 시공간적 변화 (Outbreak of Red Tides in the Coastal Waters off the Southern Saemankeum areas, Jeonbuk, Korea 1. Temporal and Spatial Variations in the Phytoplankton Community in the Summer-fall of 1999)

  • 유영두;정해진;심재형;박재연;이경재;이원호;권효근;배세진;박종규
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.129-139
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    • 2002
  • 대규모 간척사업이 진행되고 있는 전북 새만금 해역에서 Cochlodinium polykrikoides가 우점하는 유해성 적조의 발생에 대한 연구를 하기 위하여, 1999년 8월 10일부터 11월 11일까지 모두 5차례에 걸쳐 4개 정점에서 시료를 채집한 뒤 적조원인생물의 시공간적 분포와 수온, 염분, 영양염류 분포 등 환경요인들과의 연관성을 연구하였다. 조사기간 중 출현한 유해성 적조생물은 Alexandrium tamarense, C. polykrikoides, Gymnodnium catenatum, Gyrodinium aureolum, Gymnodnium impudicum 등 이며, 크기 20$mu extrm{m}$ Gymnodinium sp.는 8월 10일 264 cells $m\ell$$^{-1}$, G. aureolum은 9월 16일 200 cells $m\ell$$^{-1}$, G. polykrikoides는 10월 18일 463cells $m\ell$$^{-1}$의 최대풍도로 적조를 일으켜 조사 시기에 따라 다양한 종들이 적조를 일으킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 1997년 전남 고흥 나로도 해역에서 발생된 C. poiykrikoides 적조발생과 비교하면 새만금 해역에서는 적조가 시기적으로 약 50일 정도 늦게 발생하였고, 6$^{\circ}C$ 정도 낮은 수온에서 발생하였다. C. polykrikoides는 9월 16일에 처음으로 발견되었는데(최대풍도: 5 cells $m\ell$$^{-1}$), 20~$25^{\circ}C$수온에서의 최대성장율(0.3~0.4 d$^{-1}$)을 감안하였을 때 이미 외부에서 만들어진 적조 띠가 연구해역으로 유입되지 않고 자체성장만으로도 10월 18일의 최대풍도에 도달할 수 있다고 판단된다. 새만금 해역과 고흥 해역 모두 C. polykrikoides 적조는 주로 규조류의 풍도가 낮은 환경에서 나타나, 규조류와의 경쟁에서 유리한 환경조건이 갖춰졌을 때 C. polykrikoides가 우점하게 된다고 추정할 수 있다

Ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides offshore in the South Sea, Korea in 2014: I. Temporal variations in three-dimensional distributions of red-tide organisms and environmental factors

  • Jeong, Hae Jin;Lim, An Suk;Lee, Kitack;Lee, Moo Joon;Seong, Kyeong Ah;Kang, Nam Seon;Jang, Se Hyeon;Lee, Kyung Ha;Lee, Sung Yeon;Kim, Mi Ok;Kim, Ji Hye;Kwon, Ji Eun;Kang, Hee Chang;Kim, Jae Seong;Yih, Wonho;Shin, Kyoungsoon;Jang, Poong Kook;Ryu, Joo-Hyung;Kim, Sung Young;Park, Jae Yeon;Kim, Kwang Young
    • ALGAE
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.101-130
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    • 2017
  • The ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides have caused great economic losses in the aquaculture industry in the waters of Korea and other countries. Predicting outbreak of C. polykrikoides red tides 1-2 weeks in advance is a critical step in minimizing losses. In the South Sea of Korea, large C. polykrikoides red tide patches have often been recorded offshore and transported to nearshore waters. To explore the processes of offshore C. polykrikoides red tides, temporal variations in 3-dimensional (3-D) distributions of red tide organisms and environmental parameters were investigated by analyzing 4,432 water samples collected from 2-5 depths of 60 stations in the South Sea, Korea 16 times from May to Nov, 2014. In the study area, the vegetative cells of C. polykrikoides were found as early as May 7, but C. polykrikoides red tide patches were observed from Aug 21 until Oct 9. Cochlodinium red tides occurred in both inner and outer stations. Prior to the occurrence of large C. polykrikoides red tides, the phototrophic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense (Jun 12 to Jul 11), Ceratium furca (Jul 11 to Aug 21), and Alexandrium fraterculus (Aug 21) formed red tides in sequence, and diatom red tides formed 2-3 times without a certain distinct pattern. The temperature for the optimal growth of these four red tide dinoflagellates is known to be similar. Thus, the sequence of the maximum growth rates of P. donghaiense > C. furca > A. fraterculus > C. polykrikoides may be partially responsible for this sequence of red tides in the inner stations following high nutrients input in the surface waters because of heavy rains. Furthermore, Cochlodinium red tides formed and persisted at the outer stations when $NO_3$ concentrations of the surface waters were < $2{\mu}M$ and thermocline depths were >20 m with the retreat of deep cold waters, and the abundance of the competing red-tide species was relatively low. The sequence of the maximum swimming speeds and thus potential reachable depths of C. polykrikoides > A. fraterculus > C. furca > P. donghaiense may be responsible for the large C. polykrikoides red tides after the small blooms of the other dinoflagellates. Thus, C. polykrikoides is likely to outgrow over the competitors at the outer stations by descending to depths >20 m and taking nutrients up from deep cold waters. Thus, to predict the process of Cochlodinium red tides in the study area, temporal variations in 3-D distributions of red tide organisms and environmental parameters showing major nutrient sources, formation and depth of thermoclines, intrusion and retreat of deep cold waters, and the abundance of competing red tide species should be well understood.