• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2023

시멘트 산업은 다양한 가연성 폐기물을 천연자원인 유연탄을 대체하는 연료로 사용함으로써 폐기물 처리 문제 해결에 기여하고 있다. 시멘트 제조공정에서 더 많은 폐합성수지 등 대체연료를 사용하기 위해서는 대체연료를 안정적으로 연소시키고, 특히 NOx와 같은 유해물질의 대기배출을 저감할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 폐합성수지 등 대체연료의 사용량을 증대시키면서 NOx와 같은 대기배출 유해물질의 발생량을 저감하는 기술의 하나인 다단연소 공정에 대한 사례연구다. 실제 시멘트 제조설비에의 기술 적용 전후 연료 사용량, NOx 배출 등을 비교하여 효과를 평가한 결과, 유연탄의 사용량은 38 % 감소, 폐합성수지 사용량은 122 % 증가하면서 동시에 NOx 배출량은 17 % 저감된 것으로 평가되어 다단연소에 의한 폐합성수지 사용 증대 및 NOx 배출 저감 효과가 유효함을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1931-1938
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 포항철강공단 주변지역의 보건 환경질 개선을 위해 대기측정망의 설치 위치가 적정한지를 평가하였다. 대기 유동장을 분석한 결과, 대송면(제 1 상세 바람권역)과 장흥동(제 3 상세 바람권역)의 경우 대기측정망의 위치가 적정한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 대도동과 죽도동에 설치된 대기측정망은 동일바람권역에 존재하고 있어 중복 측정을 하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 향후 포항시 인구의 50% 이상이 거주하고 있는 북구 지역에는 추가적으로 대기측정망을 설치할 것을 제언한다. 대기오염물질 농도 분포를 분석한 결과, $PM_{10}$의 경우 장흥동 지역이 다른 지역에 비해 높은 농도를 보였고 $O_3$의 경우에는 대송면지역에서 높게 나타났다. 대상지역 주민들의 생활건강에 악영향을 유발하는 $PM_{10}$과 $O_3$에 대한 적극적인 관리가 필요한 시점으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the exposure of VOCs and effects of the chemicals on the nail technicians whose works in a nail shop. Methods: For four month from May to August in 2016, we measured twenty-two kinds of VOCs in ten nail shops and carried out health examinations on thirty-four workers in there. Results: The TVOC concentration in indoor air of nail shops is $0.487mg/m^3$ at a minimum and $33.236mg/m^3$ at a maximum where it consists of 70.5% of Ketones, 25.4% of Alcohols, 2.6% of Esters, 0.8% of Aldehydes and 0.7% of Aromatics. The VOCs concentration during nail art works shows an increase in average ratio 1.8 compared to the concentration of indoor air quality and also the concentration of Isopropanol rose with 3.2 of the highest ratio. The results of Spearman correlation between TVOC concentration in indoor air and environmental factor was like that has significance level of correlation(${\rho}$<0.05, r=0.682) in case of number of customers per day, but the other factors were not meaningful in correlation. Correlation between VOCs and medical check-up items was like that has positive significance level(${\rho}$<0.01, r=0.638) between isopropanol and GPT, but the others have not meaningful. The exposure level of VOCs was not exceed the criteria exposure level 1 of working environment measuring method which announced by labor ministry in all ten nail shop indoor air quality. Conclusions: In this study although it was not significant correlation between harmful substances and medical check-up items in the nail shop indoor air quality, it is necessary to do more ventilation and to install exhaust facilities because of existing high VOCs concentration in the nail shop indoor air.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2012

본 연구는 안전보건 관리에 있어 관심이 미약하였던 대학 실험실에서의 유해화학물질 발생 수준과 그로 인한 위험성을 알아보기 위하여 2010년 5월 26일부터 6일간 서울시에 소재한 K대학을 대상으로 학과별 실내 오염인자를 측정, 분석하였다. 그 결과 MSDS 비치 여부와 노출저감시설 설치 유무, 보호구 지급 현황은 기초과학실험실인 화학과, 물리학과, 의학과 등에서의 관리가 비교적 양호하였으며, 치의학과, 미술학과에서는 유해화학물질 관리를 위한 활동이 미흡한 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 실험실 내의 폼알데하이드와 총휘발성유기화합물 농도는 미술학과가 다른 실험실에 비하여 현저히 높게 검출되었고 유사학과별로 집단화 한 그룹의 폼알데하이드 농도는 미술학과, 생활과학과가 포함된 기타학과에서 높게 나타나 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 전반적으로 화학물질 노출로 인한 건강영향에 대한 인식이 저조하고 그에 대한 관리가 미흡한 학과의 실험실에서 높은 수준의 위험성에 노출되고 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

Objectives: Laboratories have various latent physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomical factors according to the diversification and fusion of research and development activities. This study aims to investigate the chemical exposure concentrations of college laboratories and evaluate their health risks, and use them as basic data to promote the health of college students. Methods: The sampling and analysis of harmful chemicals in the air in laboratories were performed using Method 1500 of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)의 Method 1500. The harmful chemicals in the laboratories were divided into carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals. Risk assessment was performed using the cancer risk (CR) for carcinogenic chemicals and using the hazard index (HI) for non-carcinogenic chemicals. Results: The harmful chemicals in college laboratories consisted of acetone, diethyl ether, methylene chloride, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and xylenes. They showed the highest concentrations in laboratories A (acetone 0.001~2.34ppm), B (chloroform 0.95~6.35ppm), C (diethyl ether 0.08~8.68ppm), and D (acetone 0.07~14.96ppm). The risk assessment result for non-carcinogenic chemicals showed that the HI of methylene chloride was 2.052 for men and 2.333 for women, the HI of N-hexane was 4.442 for men and 5.05 for women. Thus, the HI values were higher than 1. The risk of carcinogenic chemicals is determined by an excess cancer risk (ECR) value of 1.0×10^-5, which means that one in 100,000 people has a cancer risk. The ECRs of chloroform exceeded 1.0×10^-5 for both men and women, indicating the possibility of cancer risk. Conclusion: College laboratories showed the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risks for methylene chloride, n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, and xylenes, and carcinogenic health risks for chloroform, methylene chloride. However, this study used the maximum values of measurements to determine the worst case, and assumed that the subjects were exposed to the corresponding concentrations continuously for 8 hours per day for 300 days per year. In consideration of the nature of laboratory environment in which people are intermittently exposed, rather than continuously, to the chemicals, the results of this study has an element of overestimation.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.475-486
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• 2009

Harmful algal blooms (HAB) caused by the dominant species Cochlodinium polykrikoides (C. polykrikoides) appear in the South Sea of Korea and are particularly present in summer and fall seasons. Environmental factors such as water temperature, weather conditions (air temperature, cloud cover, sunshine, precipitation and wind) influence on the initiation and subsequent development of HAB. The purpose of this research was to study spatial and temporal variations of HAB in the Yeosu area using environmental (oceanic and meteorological) and satellite data. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were calculated using Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) images by an Ocean Chlorophyll 4 (OC4) algorithm, and HAB were estimated using the Red tide index Chlorophyll Algorithm (RCA). We also used the surface velocity of sequential satellite images applying the Maximum Cross Correlation method to detect chlorophyll-a movement. The results showed that the water temperature during HAB occurrences in August 2002-2008 was $19.4-30.2^{\circ}C$. In terms of the frequency of the mean of cell density of C. polykrikoides, the cell density of the HAB found at low (<300 cells/ml), medium (300-1000 cells/ml), and high (>1000 cells/ml) levels were 27.01%, 37.44%, and 35.55%, respectively. Meteorological data for 2002-2008 showed that the mean air temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and sunshine duration were $22.39^{\circ}C$, 6.54 mm/day, 3.98 m/s (southwesterly), and 1-11.7 h, respectively. Our results suggest that HAB events in the Yeosu area can be triggered and extended by heavy precipitation and massive movement of HAB from the East China Sea. Satellite images data from July to October 2002-2006 showed that the OC4 algorithm generally estimated high chlorophyll-a concentration ($2-20\;mg/m^3$) throughout the coastal area, whereas the RCA estimated concentrations at $2-10\;mg/m^3$. The surface velocity of chlorophyll-a movement from sequential satellite images revealed the same patterns in the direction of the Tsushima Warm Current.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2018

인간의 생명 유지에 가장 필수적인 것은 공기이지만, 산업의 발달 인구의 증가 등으로 도시의 공기는 매연과 유해가스 등으로 오염되고 있다. 이런 이유 등으로 최근 환경문제 중 대기오염에 대한 문제가 크게 다루어지고 있다. 공기청정기와 함께 쾌적한 실내공기를 제공할 수 있는 또 하나의 기기는 산소발생기이다. 산소발생기의 주 원리는 합성 제올라이트를 이용하여 공기로부터 산소를 분리하는 데에 있다. 다양한 합성 제올라이트들은 그들이 갖고 있는 특성을 이용하여 실생활에 유용하게 적용되어지고 있다. 이런 제올라이트의 특성 중 질소를 흡착하는 성질을 이용하여 대기 중의 질소를 흡착 시킨 뒤 산소만을 발생시켜 산소발생기에 적용시킬 수 있다. 그리하여 우리는 5가지 종류의 천연제올라이트와 LTA 제올라이트, 3A, 4A, 5A(크기가 다른 두 가지)를 사용하여 각각의 질소흡착정도를 알아보고자 하였다. PSA 방식을 사용하여 질소흡착정도가 높을수록 산소포화농도가 높게 나오는 원리를 통해 5A(양이온이 칼슘으로 보충된 LTA제올라이트) 제올라이트의 질소흡착정도가 평균 6% 증가하여 가장 크다는 것을 알 수 있었고 또한 제올라이트의 크기에도 많은 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.140-151
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 소방관들이 화재현장에서 복귀 후 소방청사 내에서 2차적으로 노출된 화학적 유해물질의 실내공기질을 평가하였다. 서울시에 소재한 4개 소방서를 선정하였고, 그 중 2개 소방서는 실제 화재현장에서 소방활동 종료 귀소 후에, 다른 2개 소방서는 대조군으로 설정하여 출동과 상관없이 평소 수준의 실내공기질을 측정하였다. 소방안전지도 전산시스템을 이용하여 서울시에서 발생하는 모든 화재사고에 대하여 24시간 모니터링을 실시하였고 중급규모 이상의 사고에서 실험군이 출동하게 되는 경우 귀소 후 바로 실내공기질을 측정하였다. 11개 유해물질 항목(미세먼지, 포름알데히드, 휘발성유기화합물, PAH, VCM, 산류, 석면, CO, CO₂, NO₂, O₃)을 공정시험법에 따라 측정하였다. 유해물질 11종 중 3종이 국내·외 기준을 초과하였고 1종은 국외기준에 육박하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 총휘발성 유기화합물, 이산화탄소, 황산은 각 2.5배, 2.2배, 1.1배가 환경부 및 고용노동부 기준보다 높았다. 또한, 포름알데히드와 황산의 경우, 실험군보다 대조군에서 더 높게 측정되었다. 본 연구결과는 서울특별시 소방청사 내 실내공기질 개선 정책에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.573-583
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• 2005

Fugitive dust, which is emitted in the ambient air without first passing through a stack or duct designed to control flow, is frequently generated by means of wind erosion from storage yards at Pohang Steel Wokrs. The size distribution of fugitive dust is mostly in the range of coarse particulate which is deposited as soon as emitted and less harm to human health; however $20\%$ of fugitive dust contains PM 10 known as one of most harmful airborne pollutant. Consequently, effective control and reduction of fugitive dust is strongly requested by the local society, but it is not easy so far because the generation and dispersion of fugitive dust highly depends on meteorological conditions, and it being occurred for irregularity. This research presented a fugitive dust control system for each meteorological condition by providing statistical prediction data obtained from a statistical analysis on the probability of generating the threshold velocity at which the fugitive dust begins to occur, and the frequency occurring by season and by time of the wind direction that can generate atmospheric pollution when the dispersed dust spreads to adjacent residential areas. The research also built a fugitive dust detection system which monitors the weather conditions surrounding storage yards and the changes in air quality on a real-time basis and issues a warning message by identifying a situation where the fugitive dust disperses outside the site boundary line so that appropriate measures can be taken on a timely basis. Furthermore, in respect to the spraying of water to prevent the generation of fugitive dust from the storage piles at the storage yard, an advanced statistical meteorological analysis on the weather conditions in Pohang area and a case study of fugitive dust dispersion toward outside of working field during $2002\∼2003$ were carried out in order to decide an optimal water-spraying time and the number of spraying that can prevent the origin of fugitive dust emission. The results of this research are expected to create extremely significant effects in improving surrounding environment through actual reduction of the fugitive dust produced from the storage yard of Pohang Steel Works by providing a high-tech warning system capable of constantly monitoring the leakage of fugitive dust and water-spray guidance that can maximize the water-spraying effects.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2009

The continued rise in the number of automobiles on the roads is prompting air pollution to emerge as a serious problem due to the harmful exhaust gas emissions throughout the world. Specifically, based on the exhaust gas regulation in North America represented by PZEV, the regulation on evaporative emission, which originates from the intake manifold system when the engine is stopped, is substantially being intensified. And the technology that can meet and satisfy these regulations has been needed. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the butane working capacity (BWC) of HC adsorption filter according to the shape of it, which was developed to reduce evaporative emission, and the effect of HC adsorption filter on the engine performance. As a results, HC adsorption filter of the plate type, which was improved compared to that of the corrugated type and also became thinner, indicates higher absorption performance compared to the corrugated one. The absorption performance of the honeycomb type, derived from improving the shape of plate type, is 33.5% higher than that of the corrugated type. However, there was no significant difference in engine performance in all shapes.