• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.41
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• pp.133-156
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• 2020

This is a paper that examines the meaning and changes of how Dalgang Song, a parenting song, is accepted in pansori works and how it plays a role in the narrative of the work. In Chapter 2, Compared the lyrics of Dalgang-Dalgang in actual parenting scene and Dalgang-Dalgang in Pansori's work. As a result, the songs in Pansori, show some differences in lyrics, but most of them kept the narrative structure intact. Among them, Gangreung-maehwa-ga maintained the phrase "Dalgang-Dalgang" in front and back, making the least changes. Simcheong-ga and Jeokbyeok-ga maintained their epic structures, but the the front and the rear phrase turned into a "Uh huh, Doong doong". And Dalgang-Dalgang was sung mostly by its mother or grandmother at the actual parenting scene, but the song in Pansori, was all sung by men. Dalgang song in Pansori, had a mostly Gyemyeon melody due to the genre characteristics of Pansori. Also Dalgang-Dalgang for actual parenting, was sung with a leisurely, soft beat. But Dalgang song in Pansori's works were sung rhythmical with Jungjungmori rhythm or Jajinmori rhythm to maximize joy. In Chapter 3, I discussed the roles and meanings of Dalgang song contained in Pansori. Dalgang-Dalgang of Simcheong-ga appeared in the crucial process of Sim Hak-kyu's return to will of life through Simcheong after the death of his wife. In Jeokbyeok-ga, Dalgang song also appeared as a tool to recall the happy memories with his son. On the other hand, Dalgang-Dalgang of Gangreung-maehwa-ga played a role of expressing affection for relationships between men and women, not between parents and children. This is beyond the original meaning of parenting, which means the hedonistic and excessive affection of Mr. Gol. The desire to change a relationship between a man and a woman into between parents and children is also found in Kim Yeon-soo's Chunhyang-ga. This change is an example of how the role and meaning of Dalgang song has changed dramatically as it was inserted into pansori. And the reason why Dalgang-Dalgang was so important in the narrative of Pansori was because of The lyrics of the song contain the love of the baby.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.38
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• pp.71-109
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• 2019

In this study, succession aspects of direction structure and dancing were reviewed in Moondoong drum dance succeeded by Yong Bae Cho of Goseong Ogwangdae. Sung Rak Hong who succeeded to Moondoong drum dance before Yong Bae Cho directed only 'drum dance' mainly with Goodguri rhythm. While Sung Rak Hong succeeded, the drum of Moondoong Gwangdae became smaller, which was changed from drum before 1965, to semi-drum in 1966 and tabor in 1967 and thereafter. Yong Bae Cho succeeded to Moondoong drum dance since 1970, adding 'Moondoong dance' directing tabor at the floor together with 'drum dance' before August 1972 and directing Dutbaegi rhythm. From the first succession of Goseong Ogwangdae since the winter in 1974, obscene movements were disappeared, and the setting with Yangban and contents to sublimate resentment were added in Moondoong drum dance. These changes seemed to be affected by succession format of Tongyoung Ogwangdae Moondoong drum dance and Ok Jin Gong's idiot dance. There are succession patterns when reviewing Moondoong drum dance directed by Yong Bae Cho. In case of 'Moondoong' dance, repeated forms were succeeded including 'fixed dance'->'impromptu dance'->'jump' in center of three fixed dances. In case of 'drum dance,' repeated forms were succeeded including 'fixed dance'->'rolling tabor'->'concluding' -> 'impromptu dance'->'jump' in center of four fixed dances. In 'drum dance' by Yong Bae Cho, many parts of succeeded dance by Sung Rak Hong who was a prior successor were remained. After Yong Bae Cho's death, Jong Bok Heo summarized the dance with more completed order focusing on the structure of Moondoong drum dance succeeded by Yong Bae Cho. Since then, multiple scenes were added continuously including hobbled appearance by Jong Won Heo, happy scene eating barley and scene to catch tabor stick difficultly, by Chang Ryol Heo. Yong Bae Cho added 'Moondoong dance' to the prior works only with 'drum dance' and started adding the story with resentment. The direction structure summarized by Yong Bae Cho became the basic framework in which the following directors added the scenes very easily. Like this, Yong Bae Cho was an excellent director of Goseong Ogwangdae who inherited Moondoong drum dance from the previous generation to establish and develop to hand over the next generations.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.349-383
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• 2019

This paper examined the meaning and task of romance research with a focus on Reading the Romance(1984) by Janice A. Radway. This book, which analyzes romance texts by examining the situation and meaning of reading romance by women readers integrating between cultural studies and literary studies, is one of the most popular studies on the romance genre. Radway scrutinized the practical significance of reading romance in a community of women readers. Through a study involving questionnaires and in-depth interviews, she found that for women, romance reading is a 'compensatory fiction' that brings happiness and emotional redemption through a sense of liberation achieved by escaping from patriarchal daily life. The romance that women prefer is composed of 4 stages and 13 divisions: 'Encounter → Attest → Recovery → Happy End'. It also maintains a formula that begins with an immature female character's identity crisis and ends with a blissful union that recognizes the intrinsic value of the main character, who has turned into a man who is considerate of the women. Therefore, romance plays the role of pursuit of the 'female utopian fantasy' and at the same time a reconciliation of women to patriarchy. Feminist critics of the day criticized this argument. However, reading romance is a 'feminine reading', and romance is literature about the functional relationship between women's lives and patriarchy. Yet the interpretation could differ depending on the different viewpoints and definitions of the women's utopian fantasy. In recent years, the conditions of female reader's lives, awareness and imagination have been changing rapidly. As a result, the female utopian fantasy has also changed significantly. Nevertheless, women's lives in the real patriarchal system are still contradictory, and their adventurous imagination is spreading in alternative spaces such as the subculture. In this regard, the question is about the definition of romance and the meanings of romance research are still important task.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.67-99
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• 2019

This paper analyzed romance novels imported into Korea in the 1980s and examined the traits of Korean girls' culture at that time. To this end, This paper chose as subjects the series of 'high-teen romance' published by Samjungdang, 'princess bestseller' by Seoul Publishing and the 'silhouette romance' by Joongang Ilbo in the 1980s. Through the aspects of the paperback romances, the traits of the artist, the content of the work, and the response of the reader, this paper analyzed the position and affection of romance as a genre in Korean culture in the 1980s. In the 1980s, most of the paperback romances available in Korea were translations of the modern and progressive present lines of Harlequin Enterprise's category romance. There were also many writers who were mostly introduced with progressive characters like Charlotte Lamb. The Harlequin romance depicts a story of sensual love. These translated 1980s paperback romance novels allowed girls in Korea to freely imagine the problems of sex and love. In particular, it showed a new perspective on women's sexuality. In Korean love novels, the sexuality of women was treated as an object for the gaze of men. The novels of female writers as college student who criticized this dealt with women's sexuality, but focused on criticism and resistance to the ideology of chastity. The paperback romance made it possible for women to freely enjoy their sexuality by escaping the ethical standards of reality. In addition, the paperback romance was an escape from the frustration of love. Romantic love in Korean love novels did not lead to the unification of mind and body, and always ended in tragedy. On the contrary, the paperback romance started with the fear of the girl who felt love for the first time, showed the process of winning over anxiety, confirming love and reaching a happy marriage. Through this, girls understood general love that was not subordinated to the ideology of chastity, and accepted love positively. The process of establishing romance as a genre in Korean culture and the traits of its readers have not yet been sufficiently clarified yet. This paper compared the romance genre with the other love novels of the day, explaining the position and meaning of the romance genre in Korean culture in the 1980s. Through this, we were able to chart the historical development of the Korean romance genre.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

This study was conducted to derive a model of the legal system that is the basis for realizing the service economy, political administration, and social education system. Based on the experience of mankind's legal system operation in the historical era for the past 5,000 years, a legal system model that will make the future human society sustainable has been established. The problems of the current legal system were analyzed at the fundamental level. The root cause of injustice and unfairness was analyzed and a new legal system was designed. Through the legal systems of various national societies that have been attempted in the history of mankind, the structure of the legal system that is desirable for the modern society was designed. Human society, which has experienced how much good legal system has been and is being abused by human irrationality and nonsense, needs to make an effort to change the legal system paradigm itself by learning lessons from failure. This study derives the basis for a legal system that can realize justice and a fair society in the long term. It proposed a model for improving the legal system that allows human society to be happy for a long time. To this end, the fundamental role of the legal system was analyzed at the ideological level and the problems of the current legal system were presented. In addition, the problem of fundamental assumptions about human nature was analyzed and improved assumptions were presented. The structural system of the current legal system was analyzed and a new structure was proposed. In addition, a plan for the operation of a new legal system based on a new structure was suggested. The new legal system was named servicism system. This is because it is a model centered on thorough checks and balances between all opponents, not a simple linear one-dimensional legal system, but a multidimensional legal system, and because it is a viewpoint that clearly recognizes both human reason and desire. The new system is a model that reflects the confrontation between the rule of law and the non-law rule and the confrontation between the power people and the general public. A follow-up study is needed on a concrete plan for transitioning from the current legal system to a new legal system.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.259-275
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to check if group art therapy is effective in improving self esteem and self integrity of rural elderly women. Study subjects are forty seven rural elderly women in A-city who have participated in producing specialized products in their rural area. They are divided into experimental group (EG, n=25) who wish to participate in the group art therapy program, a part of the A-city sponsored program named 'Making the Rural Elderly Happy', to improve and enhance the elderly's self esteem and self integrity, and control group (CG, n=22) with no wish to participate. However, only forty four elderly women are selected as the final study subjects for data analysis, due to those who either missed the program session more than once or died of old age during the program period. The group art therapy program was given from March 16 to May 18 of 2010, every Tuesday between 1pm through 3pm for a total of 12 sessions, with the help of two college student assistants in the region and one staff member for the city program. SPSS WIN version 12.0 is adopted to evaluate and analyze the effects of the therapy program, independent t-test for equivalence check of pretests, and frequency check for general characteristics of each group. The study results are obtained by the mean and standard deviation to grasp the changes between pretest and post-test on both groups, together with ANCOVA to evaluate effects of the therapy program with the pre-test as covariant. The results are as follows. First, self esteem of EG is significantly improved than that of CG after intervention of group art therapy. Second, self integrity is significantly higher in EG than CG after the group art therapy intervention. Therefore, it can be claimed that group art therapy is effective in improving and enhancing self esteem and self integrity of the rural elderly women.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.629-643
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is, by using the demographic variables, to identify self-efficacy, social support, and quality of life of the elderly with depression and to assess the impacts of these factors upon their quality of life. By analyzing the factors which have an impact upon the life quality of the elderly with depression, this study aims to provide important information which help understand them, and to find out what kind of care is necessary for their happy and satisfactory life. The study took purposive sampling and survey of 215 people among the elderly with depression who were under care of the outpatient clinics, day hospitals, and mental health clinics located in Seoul and Kyunggi Province, Korea. This study was conducted from November 10th to 20th, 2008 and the data were collected using the questionnaires of self-efficacy, social support, and quality of life scales. Using a SPSS/WIN 15.0 program, the analysis of the data showed the following results. First, among the demographic characteristics, the elderly with depression who were male, had spouse, higher education, no public assistance, shorter period of depression, and were healthy turned out to have higher self-efficacy. In terms of social support, the participants who had higher education, no public assistance, and were healthy turned out to have more social support. Further, in terms of quality of life, the variables of spouse, public assistance, period of depression, and health condition were statistically significant. Second, as a result of hierarchical regression, it appeared that the elderly with depression, who had higher self-efficacy, more social support, spouse, good health, no public assistance, and shorter period of depression, turned out to have higher quality of life. Based on the study findings, the implications of social work practice, policy, and future research were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.411-424
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the feasible policy directions for sports welfare that can not only improve the standard of living through health but also ensure a happy and enjoyable life for the people of Gangwon Province. For this purpose, I have conducted studies such as the analysis on the sports class voucher project being implemented by the South Korean government and the case analysis in sports welfare, and present policy directions as follows. First of all, it is about upgrading the sports class voucher project. And as its implementation plans, I suggest ① increased publicity, ② the earmarking of the province's own budget for the sports class voucher project, ③ the establishment of a system for cooperation for work implementation between the related organizations and their staff in charge with a view to activating the sports class voucher project, and ④ the upgraded services for the sports class voucher project and the upgraded access to the life cycle-based universal welfare. Second, it is about using public sports facilities and developing various programs. I suggest the active utilization of the public sports facilities that enable people to learn the skills for such sports disciplines as baseball, badminton, ice sports, and golf and the development and distribution of distinctive educational programs for dance for media entertainment shows for female youths, climbing, cheer leading, fencing, surfing and horseback riding. Third, it is about nurturing the human resources and networking. For this, I suggest the creation of 'Sports Welfare Specialist Training Program' and the training of the college students majoring in sports science with the aim of creating a number of jobs. Fourth, it is about refurbishing the system and establishing the support system. I suggest the dismantling of the partitions in the welfare policy related to sports activities and the formation of (tentatively named) 'Gangwon Province Sports Welfare Implementation Committee', and the creation of (tentatively named) 'Sports Welfare Project Support Team' in Health, Welfare & Women's Affairs Bureau or Culture, Tourism and Sports Bureau in the short term and then its long-term expansion into (tentatively named) 'Gangwon Province Sports Welfare Support Center' in responding to the needs that reflect the provincial demographics, with a view to establishing a single lineup for the administrative support system. Furthermore, as budget and manpower are needed to realize customized sports welfare that suits the characteristics of the province and in which all the provincial residents can collect benefits, I suggest that the province provide the legal basis through creating 'Ordinance Promoting Sports Welfare in Gangwon Province' and pushing forward with (tentatively named) 'Gangwon Province Sports Welfare Competition' as what revises the sports class voucher project for the purpose of broadening the basis for sports welfare promotion.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.103-129
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• 2014

Differentiated positioning becomes increasingly difficult when brand salience weakens. Also, the daily increase in new media use and information load has led to a social climate that regards advertising stimuli as spamming. For these reasons, the focus of advertisement-related communication is shifting from persuading consumers through the direct delivery of information to an emphasis on appealing to their emotions using matching stimuli to enhance persuasion effects. Recently, both academia and industry have increasingly shown an interest in storytelling methods that can generate positive emotional responses and attitude changes by arousing consumers' narrative processing. The purpose of storytelling is to elicit consumers' emotional experience to meet the objectives of advertisement producers. Therefore, the most important requirement for storytelling in advertising is that it evokes consumers' sympathy for the main character in the advertisement. This does not involve advertisements directly persuading consumers, but rather, consumers themselves finding an answer through the advertisement's story. Thus, consumers have an indirect experience regarding the product features and usage through empathy with the advertisement's main character. In this study, we took the results of a precedent study as the starting point, according to which consumers' emotional response can be altered depending on the storytelling methods adopted for storytelling ads. Previous studies have reported that drama-type and vignette-type storytelling methods have a considerably different impact on the emotional responses of advertising audiences, due to their different structural characteristics. Thus, this study aims to verify that emotional response aroused by different types of advertisement storytelling (drama ads vs. vignette ads) can be controlled by the socio-psychological gender difference of advertising audiences and that the interaction effects between the socio-psychological gender differences of the audience and the gender stereotype of emotions to which advertisements appeal can exert an influence on emotional responses to types of storytelling in advertising. To achieve this, an experiment was conducted employing a between-group design consisting of 2 (storytelling type: drama ads vs. vignette ads) × 2 (socio-psychological gender of the audience: masculinity vs. femininity) × 2 (advertising appeal emotion type: male stereotype emotion vs. female stereotype emotion). The experiment revealed that the femininity group displayed a strong and consistent empathy for drama ads regardless of whether the ads appealed to masculine or feminine emotions, whereas the masculinity group displayed a stronger empathy for drama ads appealing to the emotional types matching its own gender as well as for vignette ads. The theoretical contribution of this study is significant in that it sheds light on the controllability of the audiences' emotional responses to advertisement storytelling depending on their socio-psychological gender and gender stereotype of emotions appealed to through advertising. Specifically, its considerable practical contribution consists in easing unnecessary creative constraints by comprehensively analyzing essential advertising strategic factors such as the target consumers' gender and the objective of the advertisement, in contrast to the oversimplified view of previous studies that considered emotional responses to storytelling ads were determined by the different types of production techniques used. This study revealed that emotional response to advertisement storytelling varies depending on the target gender of and emotion type appealed to by the advertisement. This suggests that an understanding of the targeted gender is necessary prior to producing an advertisement and that in deciding on an advertisement storytelling type, strategic attention should be directed to the advertisement's appeal concept or emotion type. Thus, it is safe to use drama-type storytelling that expresses masculine emotions (ex. fun, happy, encouraged) when the advertisement target, like Bacchus, includes both men and women. For brands and advertisements targeting only women (ex. female clothes), it is more effective to use a drama-type storytelling method that expresses feminine emotions (lovely, romantic, sad). The drama method can be still more effective than the vignette when women are the main target and a masculine concept-based creative is to be produced. However, when male consumers are targeted and the brand concept or advertisement concept is focused on feminine emotions (ex. romantic), vignette ads can more effectively induce empathy than drama ads.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.95-119
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• 2010

Although there have been many studies regarding the inconsistency between consumers' attitudes and behavior, prior research has almost exclusively focused on the relationship between the attitude before behavior and the initial behavior. Relatively little research has been conducted on consumer satisfaction after purchase and post-purchase behavior. This research proposed that the relationship between satisfaction and post-purchase behavior is moderated by consumers' psychological characteristics such as need for cognitive closure(NCC) and temporal self-construal(SC). The need for cognitive closure refers to individuals' desire for a firm answer to a question and an aversion toward ambiguity. We assumed the need for cognitive closure as a major moderating variable because it is judged that the requirement for cognition clearly varies between when a consumer repurchases the same product and seeks a new alternative. Individuals who tend to end cognition due to time constraints or inappropriate conditions may display considerable cognitive impatience or impulsivity and has a higher probability in repurchasing the same product than a consumer without such limitations. They would avoid further consideration for new alternatives and the likelihood of the repurchase for prior alternative would increase. As hypothesized, significant moderating effect of the NCC was confirmed. This result gives a significant implication for a corporate to establish effective marketing strategies. For a corporate or product brand that has been occupying the market after entering the market earlier, it would be effective to maintain need for cognitive closure high in the existing consumers and thereby preventing the consumers from being interested in the new alternatives. On the other hand, new brands that have just entered the market need to lower the potential consumers' need for cognitive closure so that the consumers can be interested in new alternatives. Along with need for cognitive closure, temporal self-construal also turned out to moderate the satisfaction-repurchase. temporal SC reflects the extent to which individuals view themselves either as an individuated entity or in relation to others. Consumers under a temporarily independent SC would repurchase former alternative again according to their prior satisfaction and evaluation. In contrast, consumers in temporal interdependent SC tended to switch to a new alternative because they value interpersonal relationships above anything else and have a tendency to rely heavily on in-group opinions. When they are confronted with additional opinions, it is highly probable that he/she will choose a new product as an alternative. By proving the impact that temporal self-construal has on repurchasing behavior, this study is providing the marketers with new standards for establishing successful promotional strategies. For example, if the buyer and the user is the same for a product, it would be effective for the seller to convince the consumer to make decision subjectively by encouraging temporal independent self-construal. On the contrary, in the case where the purchase is made by an individual but the product is consumed by a group of people. For example, a housewife is more likely to choose the products or brands that her husband or children prefer rather than the ones that she likes by herself. In that case, emphasizing how the whole family can be satisfied and happy about the product would be effective for promoting repurchase.