• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hanji Industry

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Sheet Formation Properties of Morus Hanji (뽕나무 한지의 지합특성)

  • Yi, Il-Roh;Cho, Nam-Seok
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.38 no.3 s.116
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    • pp.47-60
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to investigate the sheet formation properties of Morus Hanjis, made of bast and whole stalk pulps by different pulping methods, such as alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated pulping. Two species of Morus, M. alba and M. lhou, were used. Effect of morphological properties of pulp stocks on the sheet formation and its gray levels based on optical property were evaluated using an Image analyzer. In addition, the effect of fiber distribution index(FDI) which was calculated from tile data of Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) on the sheet formation and optical properties of Morus Hanji were also discussed. On the sheet formation, Hanji from whole stalk pulp was superior than that of bast pulp. The more the sheet formation improved, the more paper opacity decreased. In the aspect of Hanji's surface characteristics analyzed by an Image analyzer, the average gray level and its standard deviation of Hanji from the whole stalk pulp were rather lower than those of bast pulp because of better sheet formation of the former. However, high brightness Hanji showed high value of gray level. The sheet formation and paper opacity were increased with the decrease of standard deviation of gray level. From these results, gray level measurement could be used to predict the paper opacity as well as sheet formation. Sheet formation of whole stalk Hanji and its FDI measured by CLSM were higher than those of bast fibers. In conclusion, the sheet formation and opacity of Hanji could be evaluated by standard deviation value of Hanji's gray level using an Image analyzer and by fiber distribution index using CLSM.

Development of Modified Printing Hanji Using Alternative Plant Fibers (II) - Printability of Printing Hanji Made of Alternative Plant Fibers - (대체 식물 자원을 이용한 인쇄용 개량한지의 개발 연구(제 2보) - 대체 식물 자원 섬유를 이용한 개량 한지의 인쇄 특성 연구 -)

  • Lee, Ji-Young;Seo, Jeong-Min;Kim, Chul-Hwan;Eom, Tae-Jin;Park, Hyun-Jin;Kim, Sung-Ho;Kim, Gyeong-Chul
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.16-23
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    • 2011
  • This study was carried out to develop the printing Hanji made of mixed raw materials with mulberry bast fibers and alternative plant fibers such as bamboo, soybean stalks, pepper stalk and sea tangle. All alternative plant fibers were produced by the kraft pulping method with 2 stages of bleaching, and used to prepare the modified traditional paper, Hanji for printing purpose. Printing quality of modified Hanji was analyzed by measuring area and Formcircle of halftones and comparing a letter shape printed on paper. The Hanji made of 60% of mulberry bast fibers and 40% of bamboo bleached kraft pulp showed the best printing quality with the smallest area and the largest Formcircle in all modified Hanji. Through the image analysis of form circles of the letters printed on the Hanji, it could also be confirmed that the best printability of the modified Hanji was made using bamboo fibers.

The Characteristics of Hanji Prepared with Lacquer (옻칠한지의 제조 및 특성)

  • Jo, Hyun-Jin;Lee, Sang-Kueg;Roh, Jeong-Kwan
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 2007
  • The raw oriental lacquer produced in China was used in this study. This lacquer was diluted with ethanol and terpene in different solvent ratios. The diluted lacquer in the solvents had two layers. The upper layer was solvent soluble and the lower contained precipitates. Hanji was treated with the solvent solubles and the mixture containing precipitates, and then properties of the Hanji were evaluated. The average weight, thickness, and density of Hanji treated with oriental lacquer tended to gradually be decreased as the lower concentration of lacquer was used and as the solvent soluble was treated. Tensile strength of the treated Hanji decreased when the diluted lacquer was used and Hanji treated with terpene dilution at the ratio of lacquer to solvent of 1:5 (v/v) showed higher tensile strength than ones treated with ethanol dilution. The folding endurance decreased as the less concentrated lacquer was used and the highest value was obtained when 1:40 (v/v) of lacquer to solvent ratio in both ethanol and terpene mixture. Absorption ratio was higher in the Hanji treated with ethanol mixture, treated with the lacquer in lower concentration, and treated with ethanol mixture. Hanji treated with ethanol dilution at 1:20 (v/v) and the lower ratio of lacquer to solvent showed a hydrophobic property. Amount of the bound dye materials tended to be decreasing as the concentration of lacquer became lower and it was higher in Hanji treated with ethanol mixture than with terpene mixture.

Studies on the Printability of Hanji by Sizing and Calendering

  • Kang Jin-Ha;Seo Seung-Man;Park Seong-Cheol
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.37 no.5 s.113
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    • pp.70-77
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    • 2005
  • The development of printable Hanji is regarded as an important work to create a new demand of Hanji in information-oriented era. Hanji has rougher surface, huger absorption of ink and lower optical properties and printabilities than common printing papers. Improving those shortcomings of Hanji is required to be printable Hanji. Sizing and calendering have known as a way to make properties of paper good. Accordingly, this research was performed to find out useful sizing agents for reforming its drawbacks. Four sizing agents (CMC, com starch, PVA, AKD) were used in this research. The optical properties and the printabilities of sized Hanji were tested. The obtained results were as follows. Based on concentration, each sizing agent was prepared. These were CMC(0.5, 1, $1.5\%$), corn starch(1, 2, $3\%$), PVA(1, 5, $10\%$), AKD(0.5, 0.1, $0.15\%$) respectively. After sizing, we performed calendering treatment with pressure of 0.5, $1\;kgf/cm^2$. All the sizing agents and calendering treatment improved the properties of Hanji to some extent. Particularly, com starch was good for gloss. In case of printability, $1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$ was recommendable for typography ink density, $3\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink density, $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink girth. PVA and AKD without calendering were counter-effective agents for inkjet ink density. Printable Hanji is required to have not only better surface strength enough to appear non-picking, higher ink density and lower show-through than base paper but also the lowest ink girth in comparison with base paper. When referring to them, efficient sizing agents were regarded as $0.1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for typography printing and $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for inkjet printing.

The Quality Evaluation of Korean Traditional Hanji by Different Sheet-making Processes

  • Kim Hyoung Jin;Jo Byoung Muk;Lee Yong Moo
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.36 no.5 s.108
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    • pp.44-52
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    • 2004
  • It is well known that Korean traditional Hanji have lots of predominant physical and optical properties such as high density, high air permeability, long lasting quality and lightness. The paper-making raw materials of traditional Korean Hanji are the bast fibre cooked from the Korean paper mulberry as a fibrous materials and sticky aqueous material from the root of Hibiscus anihot L. as additives for good dispersion of stock. Additionally, the mechanical properties of Hanji varies according to the cooking methods of bast tissues of Korean paper mulberry, the treatment methods of fibrous raw materials such as bleaching and refining, the wet formation types of sheet-making such as 'Oebal-chiji' and 'Ssangbal-choji', and the finishing treatment like stamping. This study was carried out to investigate and evaluate the quality properties of Korean traditional hand-made Hanji, and compared with commercial machine-made paper and modified prepared sheets. The physical quality comparisons of different kinds of Hanji were focused on the methods of hand-sheet making, the types of raw materials, the treatment of stamping, and the properties of ink reception and spreading.

Ageing Behavior of Beeswax Coated Hanji(I) - Thermal Ageing Test of Beeswax Coated Hanji - (밀랍지의 열화 거동 (제1보) - 열에 의한 밀랍지의 열화 -)

  • Kim, Kang-Jae;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2010
  • The annals of Joseon Dynasty has been known as one of the UNESCO's Memory of the World Heritage. The annals of Joseon Dynasty composed with two kind of books, wax coated book and non coated book. Especially the waxed book have been severely damaged by various reason. For the safety preservation of the annals of Joseon Dynasty waxed book, the thermal ageing mechanism of beeswax coated Hanji paper has been evaluated. The weight loss of waxed Hanji were rapidly increased until 30 days in three temperatures(105, 120 & $150^{\circ}C$) and stabilized after 30 days. The acid value and relative intensity of carbonyl groups in beeswax were increased with strong conditions. This means that the deterioration of beeswax should be progressed with oxidizing reaction. The physical strength and the crystallinity of dewaxed Hanji were decreased with ageing time.

Printability Improvement of Hanji using Microbial Cellulose from Saprolegnia ferax (미생물 셀룰로오스를 이용한 한지의 인쇄적성 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Jin-Ha;Park, Seong-Cheol
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to improve the printability of Hanji using a microbial cellulose from Saprolegnia ferax through investigating the printability of Hanji sized with the mixture of the microbial cellulose and various kinds of sizing agents. Conclusions obtained from the results of this study were as follows. The proper concentration of a microbial cellulose in sizing a printable Hanji with it was 0.5%. In general, there was no remarkable effect but some effect on the opacity and ink density. Hanji was sized with the mixture(5:5) of microbial cellulose(0.5%) and AKD(1.0%). As a result, ink spread was remarkably improved by the girth reduction of ink spot. There was remarkable effect because the mixture(5:5) of a microbial cellulose(0.5%) and CMC(1.0%) improved not only the gloss but also the density and girth of ink spot. Mixing(7:3) with corn starch(3.0%) showed the smallest girth of ink spot among applied sizing agents. Mixing(7:3) with PVA(5.0%) also showed some effect in the density and girth of ink spot.

Physical and Strength Properties of Frankincense Resin Treatment Paper (유향수지 처리지의 물리 및 강도적 특성)

  • Kim, Jong-Min;Yoon, Seung-Lak;Jo, Jong-Soo
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.26-33
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    • 2014
  • Frankincense resin was applied to Hanji to improve its physical properties. The resin-treated paper showed the increasement of physical properties such as weight, thickness, and density. The highest increasement in weight and density of resin-treated paper were found at 30% treatment concentrations and the largest values of density were $41g/m^2$ Hanji. With the increasement of concentration, the brightness was decreased and transparency was improved. Of the mechanical properties of the paper, the tensile index and burst index showed the improved values. The tear index, however, was decreased. The frankincense resin showed the highest result in the tensile index of resin-treated paper and the basis weight of $41g/m^2$ Hanji. The air resistance of the resin-treated paper got improved with the increase of the concentration and $105g/m^2$ Hanji showed the highest values. The highest improvement in air resistance may make the resin-treated Hanji possible to use for semipermeable materials.

Study on the Sheet-Making of Hanji for the Reproduction of Traditional Gold Thread (금사 제작기술 재현을 위한 한지 초지공정 연구)

  • Park, Mi Seon;Jeong, So Yoon;Jang, Seong Woo;Kim, Hyoung Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.88-97
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    • 2014
  • For the purpose of reproduction of traditional gold thread, the artifact investigation was organized for 70 cases (109 pieces) of relics from Korea, China and Japan. In most cases, the main backside material of gold thread from Korea was the bast fibers from paper mulberry. In this study, the optimum sheet-making of Hanji for gold thread reproduction was tried by controlling several process factors of Hanji such as the cooking and beating time of paper mulberry fibers, the number of sheet-making ply, and converting method (Dochim). Tensile index, folding endurance and compressive strength of Hanji showed differences according to the correlation between cooking and beating time, and application of converting method (Dochim), while bending stiffness fell with decrease of thickness. These results can be applied to consider manufacturing factors to make Hanji for the production of gold thread.