• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

In general, the entire of paper mulberry bark, which is not cut into pieces with an appropriate length, have been used in the pulping. This kind of pulping method couldn't accomplish the improvement of beating and sheet forming efficiency. For this reason, we investigated the effects of the cutting length of paper mulberry bast fiber on pulping and Hanji (Korean traditional paper) properties, in order to develop high quality Hanji manufacturing process. The cutting length variation of paper mulberry white bast did not great effects on pulp yields. The pulp yields based on pulping methods were sulfomethylated pulping av. 57.4%, alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulping av. 55.4%, and alkaline pulping av. 53.5% respectively. The optical properties such as brightness, opacity, scattering coefficient, and absorption coefficient were slightly improved by the increase of paper mulberry white bast cutting length. The increase of paper mulberry white bast cutting length resulted in poor sheet formation. Physical properties such as breaking length, TEA, tear index, burst index, and folding endurance were slightly improved by the increase of cutting length. The modified pulping processes, which used sulfomethylated method and alkali-hydrogen peroxide method, showed better pulp and sheet properties than conventional alkaline pulping.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 1998

Traditionally, Hanji had been made only with the bast fiber of paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki). Nowadays, Hanji has been made mainly in the mixed forms of paper mulberry bast fiber and waste paper, and consequently it has raised many problems using them. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of Hanji mixed with paper mulberry bast part and whole stalk pulps. Hanjis made from the solfomethylated pulp were shown higher brightness and sheet strengths than those from alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulps. The brightness of solfomethylated pulp was found to be high enough not to need additional bleaching. The sheet formations were improved as the increase of whole stalk pulp contents, while the sheet strengths were decreased. In the physical properties of the Hanji mixed with bast part and whole stalk pulps, the handsheet strengths were decreased as the increase of the whole stalk pulp contents. The tensile strength and folding endurance of the Hanji containing 40∼60% of whole stalk pulps were higher as compared to the others.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.33-37
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• 2009

Hanji is a traditional Korean handmade paper, made of bast fibers of the paper mulberry. Its fiber furnish is much more expensive than wood fiber furnish. Hanji with a low basis weight requires additional opacity and smoothness for better writing and printing. Filler such as calcium carbonate can not be used to raise the opacity of Hanji because of its low retention in low basis weight paper and the high freeness of the Hanji fiber furnish. Addition of red algae pulp, which is prepared from marine red algae to the Hanji fiber furnish negated retention problems happening in the case of mineral filler addition, and produced a substantial improvement in the opacity and smoothness of Hanji. The higher retention was due to the much larger size of the red algae fibers compared to the mineral fillers. The improvement in opacity and smoothness were also due to the shape of the red algae fibers: that red algae fibers are narrower in widths and shorter in lengths than wood fibers results in increased surface area and smoothness.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2019

The traditional sizing treatment for the Hanji is performed to give the following functions. Those are to stabilize the paint of the painting, to prevent the paint of painting and moisture from smearing into the painting itself, to prevent the paint of the painting and moisture from passing to the lining paper, and to make the colors of painting match the surrounding.This study analyzed a result of the effect of Hanji sizing characteristic according to glue and alum mixing ratio and applying times, affects to pigments of painting and fastness of Hanji using accelerated aging test. As a result of color measurement of sizing treated Hanji, the concentration of glue and the number of application increased, the brightness and the $L^*$ value decreased but the yellowness index increased.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2016

Today, furniture design, which is changing and diversified, a movement to search a new formative world while reviving our traditionality is continuously proceeded, that implies a new possibility in our culture. In respect of such diversified materials, Korean traditional paper, Hanji (韓紙), has already been acknowledged with its excellence. Also, Hanji is a material that fully contains aesthetic consciousness of Korean people, accordingly, this research investigated and analyzed mainly with Sarangbang furniture among Joseon antique furniture, in order to study the possibility of Hanji decorated furniture as the objet in our interior space. This research utilized Paper cut technique (剪紙技法) among Hanji Crafts technique of expressive elements of Sarangbang furniture using Hanji, which is to make patterns and attach them by cutting out or engraving colored papers using scissors or graver to the wooden frame (白骨). Through this, this research could investigate production process utilizing Paper cut technique, also, Sarangbang furniture utilizing such Paper cut could be settled down as the objet with functional aspect and aesthetic completion in our interior space. Also, the researcher presents value of our original furniture by suggesting final output and considers that systematic researches should be conducted continuously on furniture henceforth utilizing Paper cut technique.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.26-31
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• 2007

Hanji is a traditional Korean handmade paper, which has been known in ancient Far East as excellent quality calligraphic paper for more than 1,500 year. Hanji is mostly made of Korean paper mulberry bast fibers, and if properly processed, normally lasts for more than 1,000 years with significant strength and still recognizable calligraphic writings or drawings on it. Dochim is a special way of Hanji calendering process, but is turned out to be quite different from modern calendering (machine calendering) in several aspects. In Dochim process, mechanical impacts were applied vertically to the surface of papers. Compared to the modern calendering, Dochim increased paper gloss much more, but paper smoothness a little less. By the Dochim process, densification occurred and the degree of densification was more sensitive to the fiber type in the Dochim process than in the calendering method.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.457-466
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze the research trends on Hanji (Korean traditional paper) in the academic literatures based on the purpose, content, and findings of various studies, and to present a direction for future research. Research papers published in 12 academic journals over the past 51 years (1965-2016) were collected using 167 key-words for the search, and of them, 178 papers were selected for analysis. Statistical analysis of these papers based on year, research content, and discipline to understand and quantify the research trend. Revealed that the frequency of the published research paper was generally proportional by number of research projects in domestic government departments. They also indicated that while there were several studies on property valuation or functionality improvement of Hanji based on experiments, research was lacking in the areas of observation, analysis, case studies, and status survey of Hanji. The present study provides basic data for establishing the direction of research on Hanji.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The utilization of non-woody fibers with the fast growing annual plants has occurred in the paper industry to replace wood and preserve environment of the earth. The non-woody fibers generally used for papermaking are paper mulberry, gampi, manila hemp, rice straw, bamboo, and coton linter etc.. Recently Kenaf has been spot-lighted for the same application. Kenaf is an annual plant of Hibiscus species of Malvaceae family. Kenaf, a rapid growing and high harvesting non-woody fiber plant, was identified as one of the promising fiber sources for the production of paper pulp. This study was carried out to investigate the pulping characteristics of Kenaf bast fiber for Hanji (traditional Korean paper) manufacturing by different pulping methods, such as alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated pulpings. It was possible to make superior grade of Hanji. Especially sulfomethylated pulping was resulted in superior pulp in terms of higher yields and qualities in comparison to those of the other pulping methods. Hanji from sulfomethylated pulp was shown the highest brightness of over 60% and higher sheet strength. In addition, the morphological features of pulp fibers (pulp compositions) affect to the sheet properties. Therefore the effect of fiber distribution index(FDI) which was calculated from the data of Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) on the sheet properties of Kenaf Hanji was also discussed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.511-520
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• 2013

This study examines the development of knitwear design using environmentally friendly Hanji (Korean traditional handmade paper) yarn. While its environmentally friendly features make Hanji yarn suitable for eco-fashion design, Hanji products, generally produced in limited quantities, are highly unlikely to become a commercial success due to their high prices. Therefore, a new technology allowing the production of low-cost Hanji yarn is in high demand, as is its application across multiple products in addition to knitwear. The significance of this study lies in that it suggests ways to design knitwear which reflect the versatility of modern eco-fashion to meet the needs of consumers. This study presents knitwear designs, specifically party wear and everyday fashion, that utilize the advantages of Hanji yarn and represent 2013 S/S color trends. Two outfits will be featured - one for women in their 20s and 30s and the other for women in their 30s and 40s. Also, this paper includes a literature review and an accounting of online research on Hanji yarn and eco-fashion designs.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.391-398
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• 2007

Ginkgo leaves, which have been known as medical materials, were selected as new natural dyes in this study, in which it was examined whether they have the function of UV-blocker or not. Cotton, linen & Hanji(Korean traditional paper) were dyed with Ginkgo. Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and Sn were selected as mordants. UV-blocking rate of dyed samples was measured after dyeing and mordant treatment. The results of this study are as follows. First, most surface color of dyed samples was yellow except that Hanji mordanted with Cu was yellowish red. Second, dyeing repetition had positive correlations with K/S values of cotton ($r=.\;758^{**}$), linen ($r=.\;500^*$) and Hanji ($r=.\;819^{**}$), because K/S values were increased according to dyeing repetition. Third, solar UV-blocking rates had positive correlations with dyeing repetitions (p<0.01), because UV-blocking rates had increased according to dyeing repetition. Fourth, UV-blocking ability of Hanji was highest among samples, as UV-blocking rates of cotton and linen dyed after 3 dyeing repetition were up to 93%, Hanji's values were up to 98%. Therefore, it was proven that Ginkgo extracts used in this experiment as dyestuff have excellent dyeing ability and high UV-blocking ability. It is hoped that this work will lead to further research to confirm the physiological effects when human wear the clothes made from Hanji.