• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• 제126권
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• pp.79-108
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• 2013

Is the development of linguistic competence due to the learning process or the maturational process? According to Piaget, its development is a genuine learning process involving authentic constructions with gradual disclosure of new possibilities. But According to Chomsky, the acquisition of linguistic competence is due to a genetically conditioned maturational process. So it merely involves the actualization of a set of possibilities existing from the beginning Consequently, Piaget supposes that interaction with the environment plays a shaping role, while Chomsky allows it to have a mere triggering role. In broad respective, Chomsky supposes the rationalism that knowledge is largely inborn, while Piaget in the constructivist position which strives to find a middle course between radical rationalism and radical empiricism. In the one hand, an ultra-rationalistic concept such as 'fixed nucleus' supposed by Chomsky is, in my eye, nor plausible. In the other hand, if Piagetian constructivism is to be sustained, it must be sustained independently of its dubious biological fundament, and merely as a developmental psychological theory. In one word, we need to synthesize Piagetian cognitive approach and Chomskian syntactical, in order to explain exactly the source of human linguistic competence.

• The Critical Review of Religion and Culture
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• 제25호
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• pp.77-122
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• 2014

A Japanese director Sion Sono(園子溫, born in 1961), who is not so familiar to us yet, has been depicting the world of violence and sexuality filled with poetic and philosophical messages through the shockingly impressive works such as Strange Circus(2005), Love Exposure(2008), Cold Fish(2010), Guilty of Romance(2011), and so forth after the great success of Suicide Circle(2001) and its second film Noriko's Dinner Table(2005). In addition to these, he has also presented a kind of realistic visions in much more direct ways by Himizu(2011) or Land of Hope(2013) after 3 11 disaster. The purpose of this paper is to try a psychoanalytic interpretation of Sion Sono's film, centering on his Guilty of Romance(愛のむきだし), in terms of the concepts of Jacques Lacan(1901-1981), for example, gaze, objet petit a, fantasy, desire, the imaginary-the symbolic-the real, jouissance, etc. In so doing, this paper will pay special attention to the discourse of love on one hand, exploring the way how to show any new perspective to the religious studies by reading film and religion in association with Lacan on the other hand.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

As organizations search fur more secure authentication methods (Dr user access, e-commerce, and other security applications, biometrics is gaining increasing attention. Biometrics offers greater security and convenience than traditional methods of personal recognition. In some applications, biometrics can replace or supplement the existing technology. In others, it is the only viable approach. Several biometric methods of identification, including fingerprint hand geometry, facial, ear, iris, eye, signature and handwriting have been explored and compared in this paper. They all are well suited for the specific application to their domain. This paper briefly identifies and categorizes them in particular domain well suited for their application. Some methods are less intrusive than others.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2004

The accommodative facility test can be use the very benetit in visual function test. The purpose of this study was mainly to check the binocular function and to estimate the amount of accommodation with the hand held flipper. It was measured as the subjective time needed to clear an accommodative target (20/20 letters) at 40 em through +/-2.00 D flipper(Bernell Corp., USA). The subjects have an irrespective of sex and no eye disease. Seventy five of youth applicants participated for the accommodative facility test. The reagents using the flipper had higher expected value than the other reagents. In test for the binocular function, the accommodative facility test is a important part due to a serviceable and simple examination. Therefore, these binocular checkup have to be developed through a survey of normative value in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

Purpose: The study was performed to compare the differences in lens rotation, lens movement by blinking and lens centration with alignment or steep fitting of soft contact lens in normal and dry eyes. Methods: Total 40 eyes (aged 20~30 years) were classified into the normal (n=20) or dry eye group (n=20) by the diagnosis methods for dry eyes and worn soft contact lens (polymacon material) with alignment fitting or steep fitting. Lens rotation, lens movement by blinking and lens centration were separately measured immediately after lens wearing and after stabilization of tear film and compared by fitting states of soft contact lenses. Results: With steep fitting of soft contact lens in dry eyes, averaged lens rotation immediately after lens wearing was not significantly different from that of the normal eye group with alignment fitting however, lens rotation after stabilization in dry eyes was significantly larger than that in normal eyes. Any significant difference in lens movement by blinking was not shown in normal eyes. However, lens movement by blinking in dry eyes was increased with steep fitting. The range of lens centration on cornea in normal eyes with alignment fitting was more vertically distributed. On the other hand, the range of lens centration on cornea in dry eyes with alignment fitting was more horizontally distributed. Lens centration was shown to be changed by stabilization of tear film. That is, lens centrations were somewhat vertically widespread immediately after lens wearing and restrictively distributed in horizontal direction, respectively, with steep fitting in dry eyes. Conclusions: These results suggested that lens movements and centration in dry eyes were different from those of normal eyes. Especially, those differences between normal and dry eyes were much bigger with steep fitting of soft contact lenses. Thus, those differences should be considered for the comfortable and safe fitting of soft contact lens in dry eyes.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2013

In order to acquire images in low-light environments, it is usually necessary to adopt long exposure times or resort to flash lights. However, flashes often induce color distortion, cause the red-eye effect and can be disturbing to subjects. On the other hand, long-exposure shots are susceptible to subject-motion, as well as motion-blur due to camera shake when performed hand-held. A recently introduced technique to overcome the limitations of traditional low-light photography is that of multi-spectral flash. Multi-spectral flash images are a combination of UV/IR and visible spectrum information. The general idea is that of retrieving details from the UV/IR spectrum and color from the visible spectrum. However, multi-spectral flash images themselves are subject to color distortion and noise. This works presents a method to compute multi-spectral flash images so that noise can be reduced and color accuracy improved. The proposed approach is a previously seen optimization method, improved by the introduction of a weight map used to discriminate uniform regions from detail regions. The weight map is generated by applying canny edge operator and it is applied to the optimization process for discriminating the weights in uniform region and edge. Accordingly, the weight of color information is increased in the uniform region and the detail region of weight is decreased in detail region. Therefore, the proposed method can be enhancing color reproduction and removing artifacts. The performance of the proposed method has been objectively evaluated using long-exposure shots as reference.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

Environmental conditions are known to impact human health and behavior, emotions such as pleasure, anxiety, and depression, and reduce stress. Interior design that elevates emotional comfort and satisfaction can help improve mental health and well-being. This study is a systematic review that analyzed previous empirical studies that explored the effect of interior design elements on the user's emotional response which is quantitatively evaluated by bio-signal and qualitatively evaluated through self-reported questionnaire surveys. This paper aims to derive the attributes of interior design and biometric indicators that affect the user's positive emotion through the synthesis of previous studies and to confirm the feasibility of measuring bio-signals as an objective evaluation tool for architectural design and as a quantitative research method. As a result of the review, the biometric data from EEG, fMRI, ECG, EMG, GSR, and eye-tracking were used to measure the participants' emotional responses, which were manifested as positive or negative depending on certain attributes of interior design such as the form, color, lighting, material and furniture. The attributes of interior design related to the positive emotional response were the curved shape, high ceiling, openness of space, and subdued tone colors. Standard lighting conditions and wooden spaces were related to stress reduction in terms of comfort and relaxation. The free arrangement of furniture was related to the user's positive emotions. On the other hand, consistent experimental protocols could not be found, and although the sample sizes of the studies were small, the studies have demonstrated the feasibility of the emotional response measurement by using the biometric data. Therefore this method can be a useful objective tool in the measurement of human-centric data in architectural design, and to develop the evidence-based design to induce positive emotions and minimize stress.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2010

Sex and its tropic hormones influence the lacrimal system, corneal anatomy and disease, aqueous humor dynamics and glaucoma, crystalline lens and cataract, and retinal disease. Dry eye occurs especially frequently during pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and after menopause, during which androgen levels decrease. Androgen control development, differentiation, and lipid production of sebaceous glands throughout the body, and androgen deficiency also leads to meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye. On the other hand, estrogen causes a reduction in size, activity, and lipid production of sebaceous glands. Sex and its tropic hormones also influence the corneal anatomy and disease, and corneal thickening occurred on the second day of the menstrual cycle and around the time of ovulation and appeared to be related to estrogen levels. Fuchs' dystrophy is more commonly seen in postmenopausal women than men and may be linked to hormonal changes that occur with aging. In addition, overexpression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the conjunctiva of vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. Serum progesterone levels also may be associated with intraocular pressure especially in pregnant women, and for the women. For women with cataracts, hormone levels were typical of menopause, and there was a significant negative correlation between estradiol and follicular stimulating hormone levels. In addition, serum testosterone levels are associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. Although the role of sex hormones on the eye is largely unknown, and the results should be interpreted with caution until replicated, the functions of sex hormones in ocular disease remains to be investigated, because they may be involved in structure and function of the ocular components, which are important in the pathogenesis of ocular disease.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 1992

This study was carried out not only to determine blood alcohol levels by time but also to examine the changes of working ability and reaction speed after ingestion of alcohol. Fifteen healthy students aged from 21 to 27 volunteered as subjects for this study, Liguor (Sojoo) in concentration of 25% ethyl alcohol was administrated with the amount of 1ml of ethyl alcohol per kg of body weight to the subjects. The concentration of alcohol in the blood were determined by the 'Alcohol Sensor 100' at 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the administration of alcohol. Also, the choice reactiontest, the eye-hand coordination test and kraepelin test were examined at the same time after checking of alcohol concentration in the blood. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Mean blood alcohol level changes resulting from administration of 1ml of ethyl alcohol per kg of body weight were $0.16%(160{\pm}57mg/100ml,\;0.10%(100{\pm}42mg/100ml),\;0.08%(80{\pm}36mg/100ml)\;and\;0.03%(30{\pm}24mg/100ml)$ at the 3, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the administration respectively The peak in the concentration of blood alcohol was 5 miniutes after the ingestion according to alcohol examination by the respiration. 2. As for choice reaction test, reaction times became prolonged as blood alcohol levels increased. The reaction time showed a significant changes when the blood alcohol concentration reached 0.08% or more after alcohol ingestion. 3. In eye and hand coordination test, the accuracy of the performance became decreased as blood alcohol levels increased. The difference of accuracy of the test was significantly shown when alcohol levels in the blood reached 0.08% or more after alcohol intake. 4. As for kraepelin test, the abilities of calculation also became lowered as blood alcohol levels increased. The abilities of calculation differed signigicantly from control group when alchool levels of 0.08% and more.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2001

Mass mortalities occurred among red drum larvae, 20 to 30 days old, culturing at hatcheries on southern costal area. No specific external signs were observed except abnormal swimming and spinal deformity. It was, however, suspected as a viral etiology due to high mass mortalities so that histopathological and molecular biological study was performed to evaluate the agent. Both vacuoles and necrosis were observed on nerve cells of brain and eye by H-E staining, and viral particles were observed on electronmicroscopic examination. On the other hand, DNA fragment, approximately 426 bps, was amplified with RT-PCR. The above results were able to diagnosis the etiological agent of mass moralities in red drum larvae as VNN(viral nervous necrosis)virus.