• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 수신신호에 신호처리 기법을 수행함으로써 잡음을 감소시켜 탐지가능 거리를 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다. 레이다의 탐지 거리를 증가시키기 위해서는 수신신호의 잡음성분을 감소시켜야 한다. 제안하는 방식에서는 두 가지 방법을 이용하여 잡음성분을 감소시킨다. 첫째, 다수의 펄스로 송수신된 레이다 신호를 하나로 누적시킨다. 이때 더해지는 횟수가 증가할수록 잡음의 무작위성으로 인해 점차 작아지지만, 신호 부분은 점차 커지는 특성을 이용한다. 둘째, 누적된 신호를 주파수 스펙트럼으로 변환한 후 LMS (Least mean square) 필터를 적용시킨다. 레이다 수신신호의 경우 대부분이 잡음 성분이므로, 시간 영역에서 LMS 필터를 적용할 경우, 오히려 잡음이 더 증가하게 된다. 이를 방지하기 위해 수신신호를 전체 주파수 스펙트럼으로 변환한 후 LMS 필터를 적용한다. 이후 LMS 필터 출력을 시간 영역으로 다시 변환하고, 거리 추정 알고리즘을 수행한다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 제안된 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 잡음 성분을 25 dB 개선시킴을 보였다. 실험은 국제우주정거장을 대상으로 한국항공우주연구원에서 보유중인 레이다의 기존 결과와 제안된 결과를 비교분석하여 최대 거리가 약 1,000 Km이상 측정됨을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 인문언어
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.275-294
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• 2001

This article aims to define the nature of proverbs from a polyphonic point of view and examine different readings of the complement involved in the combination of a proverb with a verb of personal opinion. An utterer of a proverb is not himself the author of the proverb. He may well be a 'speaker' of a proverb, but from a polyphonic view point he is not an 'enunciator' of the principle that underlies it. When we say that a speaker of a proverb is not its enunciator, we do not simply mean that he is not the author of the 'content' of the proverb he speaks: we mean that he is not the author of its 'form' either. The fact that a proverb loses its proverbial character when one paraphrases it proves that its form is not at the speaker's disposal. But a single factor cannot be held responsible for what a proverb is. As an indicator of the 'wisdom of the nation,' or vox populi, a proverb is the achievement of the 'collective enunciator.' The polyphony inherent in the proverb pits a particular speaker against a collective enunciator. This collective character of the proverb as a vox populi comes from its character as a phrasal denomination. Given that a proverb reflects a collective judgment and not a personal opinion, how do we interpret the combination of a proverb with a verb of personal opinion such as I think that ...\ulcorner Such a combination gives rise to readings at distinct levels: two types of metalinguistic reading and a reading based on the content of the proverb. The first level of reading, being applicative in nature, can be local or general, depending on the speaker's opinion as to the applicability of the proverb to a situation, particular or general. These applicative readings always involve polyphonic dissociation between the speaker and the enunciator. The second level of reading, which depends on the content of the proverb, is the result of the operation of deproverbialization, which makes the proverb lose its denominative status to preserve only its status as a generic phrase. The proverb, thus deproverbialized, looks like the series 'NP + VP.' For this reading, the speaker of the proverb takes into consideration the possibility of attributing a predicate to a nominal syntagm. Here occurs an identity between the speaker and the enunciator. It is not the case, however, that one can deproverbialize just any proverbs. In approaching to a locally typifying generic phrase, a proverb admits of being deproverbialized by an opinion verb only when its form does not render it difficult, either syntactically or metaphorically, to incorporate that proverb into the relevant combination, and when the proverb intrinsically possesses the traits that meet the conditions for the use of the opinion verb at hand. One can also maintain, based on the notion of deproverbialization, that a proverb expresses a collective judgment, a deproverbialized individual judgment.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1973

몰포리노치오세미카바자이드의 결정 구조가 X-선 해석에 의하여 결정되었다. 세포 상수는 a=4.19(2), b=6.56(2), c=26.67(4)$A^{\circ}$ 이고, 단위 세포는 4분자를 포함하며, 공간 군은 $P2_12_12_1$이다. 원자좌표치는 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였으며 R값은 651개의 관측 반사를 써서 계산한 결과 0.07이다. 아미노 질소 원자는 a-축에 평행한 2회의 나선 축에 의하여 옮겨지는 다른 분자의 황원자와 3.48 및 3.49$A^{\circ}$의 수소결합을 하고 있으며 아미노 질소 원자는 a-축에 평행한 2회의 나선 축에 의하여 옮겨지는 다른 분자의 아미노 질소 원자와 3.04${\AA}$의 수소결합을 하고 있다. 이들 3개의 수소결합은 분자들을 2회의 나선축 부근에 배열하게 한다. 수소결합 이외로 분자들을 연결하는 힘은 van der waals의 힘이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

Purpose - This research undertakes to understand the competitiveness of the steel distribution industry of both Korea and China to strengthen Korea-Sino economic cooperation, examines impediments to trade between the two countries to analyze causes which affect trade, and examines improvements in these areas to identify means of trade expansion. Through this survey of a defined period, we can identify the structural factors of trade dependence in the relationship between Korea and China. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from the Korea Traders Association, the Korea Customs Office, and UN Comtrade, from which whole table indexes are calculated. The research methodology uses trade-related indexes to focus on analyzing comparative advantages based on time-series analysis statistics data (2000-2012) by using the analysis index of trade intensity index (TII), the revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and the trade specialization index (TSI). Results - The export ratio for Korea to China was slightly higher in 2000 at 2.867, and the export ratio for Korea to China was sustained in 2005. However, it diminished gradually, reaching 1.263 in 2012. During the period 2000-2012, the indexes were maintained without any significant change. However, they still remain close to -1. In particular, in 2012 it is the closest it has ever been to -1. Therefore, China has a comparative advantage in export specialization. On the other hand, Korea has a comparative advantage in import specialization. For the research period, all indexes were much lower than 1, which means that Korea has consistently had a comparative disadvantage against China for the past 10 years when compared to other industries, even though it experienced improvement in 2000. Conclusions - The summary of conclusions based on empirical analysis research are as follows: First, per the trade intensity index of industries between the two countries, we conclude that the export ratio index in 2000 is 2.867, which means the export ratio of Korea to China is slightly higher. Furthermore, the ratios of 2.259 and 1.263 held in 2005 and 2012, respectively, meaning that the export ratio of Korea to China was maintained in 2005, but was diminishing gradually as the index in 2012 was 1.263. Second, per the trade specialization index of the steel distribution industry between Korea and China, the value was -0.379 in 2000, -0.368 in 2005 and -0.568 in 2012. Looking at the whole period of 2000-2012, the indexes remained without any significant change. However, they are still moving closer to -1. In particular, in 2012 it is the closest it has ever been to -1. Third, regarding the revealed comparative advantage index of the steel distribution industry between Korea and China, the RCA indexes in 2005 and 2012 are 0.246 and 0.306, respectively, which are still far from 1, even though the index has improved compared to the 2000's value of 0.0001. Therefore, the Korean steel distribution industry is at a significant comparative disadvantage to that of the Chinese steel distribution industry.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2007

The purposes of this research are to survey work-related risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) in various departments and tasks at general hospitals in non-manufacturing sectors, and to use basic data derived from the survey results in preventing work-related MSDs in hospital workers. Investigation started in March of 2006 and continued for 6 months in 220 general hospitals at Seoul, Incheon, Kyeongi, and Kangwon area. Investigators visited and interviewed workers in hospitals to identify the presence of tasks of musculoskeletal burden, the investigation results of ergonomic risk factors required by the Occupational Safety and Health Law, statistical analysis from questionnaire for musculoskeletal symptoms, and major departments and tasks that have such risk factors. Twenty-seven percents of hospitals finished the investigation of ergonomic risk factors, and 69% did not do the investigation while remained 4% did not have such factors in their hospitals. The rank order of major departments that had such musculoskeletal burdens was kitchen rooms of 143, managing departments/computer rooms/dispensaries of 137, physical treatment rooms of 109, nursing departments of 96, radiological and clinical laboratories of 63. Eighteen hospitals that did not hold legal duties by the section 148 of labor minister decree practiced prevention programs of MSDs according to the labor-management cooperation. Nursing departments ranked in the first place for the numbers of musculoskeletal symptoms of 438. Managing departments/computer rooms/dispensaries, kitchen rooms, and medical treatment departments held 127, 52 and 45 symptoms, respectively. The magnitude order of physical symptom areas followed shoulder of 185, backs and waist of 166, hand wrists of 120, necks of 110, and legs/feet of 106. The departments and jobs that had major work-related ergonomic risks were patient transporting, central supplying, patient nursing (moving patients into wheel-chairs, changing of patient posture and sheet alteration), manual transporting, operation, and managing/computer departments.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

본 논문은 프레임 단위의 영상을 탐색하기 위한 이미지 코드 생성 시스템으로, 이를 위해 시스템은 영상 내에 기계판독 및 식별 가능한 코드를 생성한 후, 생성된 코드를 이미지에 삽입한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 녹화일자, 녹화시간, 녹화장소 또는 촬영방향 등을 포함하는 녹화된 영상을 프레임 단위로 외부 노이즈에 상관없이 탐색할 수 있다. 시스템은 CCD 카메라와 전자나침반, GPS로부터 데이터를 입력받는 데이터 입력부와 GPS 위치값 및 방향값과 같은 연속된 값을 표현하기 위해 정해진 코드 생성 규칙을 적용하여 연속성을 갖는 데이터 영상코드를 생성하는 데이터 영상코드 생성부, 영상의 각 프레임에 데이터를 이미지로 삽입하는 이미지 삽입부로 구성된다. 또한 영상 내에 삽입된 이미지를 녹화과정, 복사과정 또는 보관과정에 있어서 외부로부터 추가된 노이즈에 대하여도 실시간으로 판독하며, 검색조건에 의해 영상 정보를 검색하는 영상 판독 검색부 및 제어부로 구성된다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘은 디코더를 이용하여 구현되었으며, 이를 이용하여 영상내에 데이터 코드를 손쉽게 삽입하고 검색할 수 있는 시스템을 제공함으로써 영상 검색에 대한 정확성과 사용 만족도를 극대화 시킬 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2013

본 연구는 문헌연구를 통해 익스플로라토리움이 개발한 다양한 모바일 디바이스(Electronic Guidebook, Rememberer, I-Guides, eXspot)의 비간섭적 특성에 대해 조명했다. 인터랙티브 전시환경에서 관람객의 몰입경험과 의미 생성을 위해 모바일 디바이스에 필수적으로 요구되는 특성은 전시물과 관람객의 인터랙션에 대한 비간섭적 특성이었다. 모바일 디바이스의 사용성은 비간섭적 특성에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤고, 이로 인해 모바일 디바이스의 형태인자가 교체되었다. 또한 형태인자의 변화는 모바일 디바이스의 기능을 관람 경험에 대한 기억으로 축소시켰다. 또한 모바일 디바이스의 역할이 멀티미디어 가이드에서 관람 후 경험 상기 및 공유 활동을 지원하는 단순한 모바일 도구로 전환됨에 따라 연결완전성이 내재한 관람 모형의 구현이 불가능했다. 익스폴로라토리움이 실행한 일련의 프로젝트는 공통적으로 관람소요시간증가와 관람 후 심화 활동의 활성화 등의 효과를 거두었다. 하지만 박물관학적 관점에서 접근해 보면, 관람소요시간증가는 전시물과의 인터랙션으로 인한 효과가 아니라 관람 기록(MyExploratorium)이 생성되는 사진에 대한 흥미로부터 비롯되었기 때문에 개념적 타당성이 충분하지 않았다. 결론적으로 익스폴로라토리움이 개발했던 모바일 디바이스는 '개인화 기반의 관람경험확장을 최적화하기 위한 하나의 학습지원도구'라고 정의할 수 있다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2012

This study focused on the nutrition knowledge, food purchase behaviors, and dietary habits of 213 housewives (41 women under 39 years, 98 women 40~49 years, and 74 women over 50 years). Younger housewives held more special jobs, whereas older housewives worked as housewives or had no jobs ($p$<0.05). The average monthly income of the three family groups was 3,000,000~5,000,000 won, and the monthly dietary expenditure for all three groups was 200,000~500,000 won. Familial frames for the three groups was nuclear family (over 80%), but housewives younger than 39 years (19.5%) lived together with their parents and let them take care of their children. Housewives (over 50 years) prepared a balanced diet for every meal, utilized less drastic cooking methods to prevent loss of nutrients, and shopped at many places in order to save money on various food materials. Further, they purchased food materials that resulted in the least amount of left overs. On the other hand, housewives under 39 years visited large supermarkets and purchased cooked foods more than other groups. Housewives under 39 years considered nutrients content as the most important factor when purchasing food materials, whereas 74.5% of housewives between 40~49 years and 51.4% of housewives over 50 years put the most importance on flavor ($p$<0.05). Housewives under 39 years were interested in manufacture date, nutrient content, and food price, in decreasing order, whereas housewives between 40~49 years and over 50 years were interested in manufacture date, food prices, and nutrient content. Older housewives were interested in brown rice and fruits, whereas younger housewives under 39 years were interested in meat, fish, eggs, fried foods, and fast food. Older housewives over 50 years did not consume fried foods more than two times per week and consumed three regular meals more often than younger housewives. Accordingly, for younger housewives, it is necessary that healthy foods be cooked for their families.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-88
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• 2012

Even though there are some discrepancies in detail with the legal characteristic of the issuing bank's notice to the beneficiary of opening of the letter of credit, article 25 of "the Korean Private International Act(hereunder, 'KPIA')" can be applied to the legal relation between the issuing bank and the beneficiary or the negotiating bank. According to article 26 of the KPIA, if there is no agreement between the issuing bank and its opponent party as to the governing law issues, a state's law which has the closest relationship with the subject case may be applied. In the latter case, given the facts that the issuing bank plays important roles in every phasis of the sale of goods by the letter of credit, a law of place where the issuing bank's business premises is situated(the $lex$ $situs$) can be the applicable law. Meanwhile, "the Korean Supreme Court(hereunder 'KSC')" held that the beneficiary or the negotiating bank can claim any damages arising due to the refusal or deferred payment of the issuing bank, and the law which governs the above mentioned situation is the same law that is applicable to the legal relation between the issuing bank and the beneficiary or the negotiating bank. The main reason of the KSC's ruling is that the nature of the legitimate interest rate which is stated in article 3 of "the Act on Special Cases concerning Expedition etc. of Legal Proceeding(hereunder 'ASCELP')" is substantial matters, not procedural. Taking into account, however, that the main object of ASCELP lies in expedition of legal proceeding, prompt realization of people's rights and duties, and prevention of delayed legal proceeding, it is recommendable that ASCELP, instead of the law applicable to the legal relation between the issuing bank and the beneficiary or the negotiating bank, should be applied to the cases in which the malicious debtor's only and main purpose is delaying the legal proceedings. On the other hand, even if the issuing bank's duty of examination of the documents which were tendered by the beneficiary or the negotiating bank is restricted to the formality and strict conformity of the documents and not the substantiality of the documents, the issuing bank still has to examine the documents with due diligence that is required to the banks whose main business is sales of documents, not the real goods. In this regard, under the circumstances where the document lacked the regularity and/or the formality on its face because of the forgery of the document and where it was expected that an ordinary banker might have easily found any faults with the document, the issuing bank must compensate any parties for damages when it pays money without due diligence as a banker who engaged in the sales of documents.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.182-186
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• 2003

펄스자장종축성형법(pulse die press, PDP)을 이용하여 32 wt%RE-67 wt%TM-1 wt%B(RE: 희토류원소, TM: 30천이금속)조성을 갖는 소결자석을 제조함에 있어서 자장성형시 분말의 탭밀도, 성형밀도, 인가자장세기 및 인가방법의 변화에 따라 얻어지는 자석의 배향율과 감자곡선상의 각형성 변화를 조사하였다. 출발합금 제조방법으로서 strip casting process에 의하여 $\alpha$-Fe 편석없이 미세하고 균일한 조직을 갖는 합금 flake가 얻어졌고, 합금 flake를 수소처리한 후 고압가스를 이용한 건식분쇄방법(jet mill)에 의하여 평균입도, 표준편차가 각각 3.65 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 1.39인 미세하고 균일한 입도의 분말로 제조하였다. 제조된 분말은 30-50 kOe치 고펄스자장에 의하여 분말을 배향시키고 동일한 펄스자장을 인가하면서 종축성형을 실시함으로써 배향율을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 결과적으로 32 wt%RE조성의 분말을 이용하여 종전의 자장성형방법인 TDP(transverse die press)와 본 연구에서 제안된 PDP에 의하여 제조된 자석의 최대자기에너지적은 각각 42.0 MGOe 및 44.8 MGOe가 얻어져, PDP가 분말의 배향율과 감자곡선상의 각 형성을 향상시키는데 효과적인 자장성형방법임을 알 수 있었다.