• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2012

In this study, we analyzed sedimentation and erosion environment around Halmiseom on Anmyeon Island using wind direction and wind speed data, gain size analysis data and datum-point measured values. To observe changes in sedimentation and erosion environment around Halmiseon, we installed datum points at 12 locations around Halmiseom and carried out at total of 32 field measurements from May 16th, 2010 to May 8th, 2012. The field measurement results showed that H-3, H-4, H-5 and H-9 points are dominated by sedimentation environment, and H-7, H-8, H-10, H-11 and H-12 points are dominated by erosion environment. Meanwhile, sedimentation and erosion appeared alternately at H-2 and H-6 points. These results indicate that a bank installed in the southwest side of Halmiseom prevented sand of the beach from moving to the northeast side, leaving the sand of the beach being deposited at the sites, and the northeast side, where sand was not provided from beach ridge of Halmiseon was dominated by sedimentation. That is, the southwest side of Halmiseom was dominated by sedimentation, but the northeast side was dominated by erosion in general. However, the opposite trends were observed at H-9 point of the northeast side and H-12 point of the southwest side. According to analysis, since H-9 point is located at the end of sand spit connected to Halmiseom, the supply of sediments by a tidal current is possible. On the other hand, it was difficult to analyze the cause of erosion in case of H-12 point located at the sand dune due to the short measurement period.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.146
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• pp.163-192
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• 2018

In the philosophy of Louis Labelle, the subject of "good and evil", which is rarely discussed in modern philosophy, emerges as a very important concept. In his reasoning, the notion of evil starts from a passive stipulation of the Scholastic philosophy of "the lack of being", but he defined the evil, which actually exists in the world with more positive sense as a willing force destroying "life and values". In his reasoning that defines "the presence of evil" as "le scandale du monde", all humans have the possibility of evil as an attitude of will, and the presence of evil in the world and in human society is inevitable. On the other hand, because the outcome of evil appears as physical and mental "pain", the human's attitude toward pain, which attempts to deny suffering, induces a moral will to overcome this evil. The moral anguish, which is the "internal suffering" that we have in front of the presence of evil, makes us conscious of becoming a "moral being", and people become self-satisfied here. Although painful, self-satisfaction and happiness about becoming a moral being is the only occasion and motive for man to overcome this by opposing the presence of evil. In other words, Lavelle's thoughts for good and evil are based on "moral psychologism", and the "coherence of psychological horizons and ethical horizons" between rejection of suffering and moral agony enables "ethical optimism" that man constantly overcomes evil and produces good. This is clearly an advanced modern application of scholasticism on the concept of evil.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.530-535
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• 2019

In this study, an optimization for the emulsification process with coconut oil and sugar ester was performed in conjunction with the central composite design (CCD) model of response surface methodology (RSM). Response values for the CCD model were the viscosity of the emulsion, mean droplet size, and emulsion stability index (ESI) after 7days from the reaction. On the other hand, the emulsification time, emulsification rate, and amount of emulsifier were selected as quantitative factors. According to the result of CCD, optimum conditions for the emulsification were as follows; the emulsification time of 22.63 min, emulsification speed of 6,627.41 rpm, and amount of emulsifier of 2.29 wt.%. Under these conditions, the viscosity, mean droplet size, and emulsion stability index (ESI) after 7 days from reaction were estimated as 1,707.56 cP, 1877.05 nm, and 93.23%, respectively. The comprehensive satisfaction of the CCD was indicated as 0.8848 with an average error of $1.2{\pm}0.1%$ from the experiment compared to that of the theoretical one. Overall, a very low error rate could be obtained when the central composite model was applied to the optimized coconut oil to water emulsification.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.5_1
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• pp.625-636
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• 2019

Soil moisture is a representative factor that plays a key role in hydrological cycle. It is involved in the interaction between atmosphere and land surface, and is used in fields such as agriculture and water resources. Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT), and European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESACCI) data were used to analyze the applicability and uncertainty of satellite soil moisture product in the Korean peninsula. Cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching and triple collocation (TC) analysis were carried out to investigate uncertainty and correction of satellite soil moisture data. Comparisons of pre-calibration satellite soil moisture data with the Automated Agriculture Observing System (AAOS) indicated that ESACCI and ASCAT data reflect the trend of AAOS well. On the other hand, AMSR2 satellite data showed overestimated values during the freezing period. Correction of satellite soil moisture data using CDF matching improved the error and correlation compared to those before correction. Finally, uncertainty analysis of soil moisture was carried out using TC method. Clearly, the uncertainty of the satellite soil moisture, corrected by CDF matching, was diminished in both freezing and thawing periods. Overall, it is expected that using ASCAT and ESACCI rather than AMSR2 soil moisture data will give more accurate soil moisture information when correction is performed on the Korean peninsula.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2003

Polyurethane waterproof (PW) coatings are increasingly demanded in Korea for repairing cracks on old building roofs and construction of many sporting facilities. Calcium carbonate, a common filler, is incorporated in PW compositions. In this study, PW coatings were prepared by substituting a part of calcium carbonate with fly ash. The maximum amounts of calcium carbonate which can be substituted by fly ash obtained in the cyclone and bag filter dust collectors were 20 and 10%, respectively. It was found that the curing rate of PWs ran be controlled by varying the amount of Pb-octoate catalyst. The elongations at break as well as tensile strength and tear strength of PW coatings containing fly ash could also be adjusted such that their values were comparable to those of a standard PW coating by varying relative amounts of some components. However, the amount of cadmium, mercury, and lead leached from PW coatings containing fly ash obtained from the bag filter collector exceeded the respective allowed upper limits, mainly due to the initial high contents of them in the fly ash. On the other hand, PW coatings containing fly ash obtained from the cyclone collector exhibited better mechanical properties and did not release any significant amounts of the heavy metals. Thus, it was concluded that PW coatings containing fly ash can be utilized for practical applications as long as an appropriate fly ash is used.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.859-868
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the appropriate mixing ratio of Koji and rice Doenjang. Brown rice Doenjang (BR) was prepared with three different ratios of cooked soybean to brown rice Koji [1.5:1 (BR-1); 2:1 (BR-2); and 3:1 (BR-3)], and polished-rice Doenjang (PR) was prepared with cooked soybean and polished-rice Koji (2:1). The components related to the quality of Doenjang were analyzed during 60-day aging. No significant differences were found in the moisture and salt contents between the brown rice Doenjang and the polished-rice Doenjang. The pH, titratable acidity, and bacteria cells increased at 20-30 days aging time, and decreased thereafter. The reducing-sugar and ethyl alcohol contents, on the other hand, increased at 10-20 days previously. These analytical values of the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics increased with the increase in the percentage of koji in each Doenjang. The amino-nitrogen and free-amino-acid contents showed the highest levels in BR-1: 887.6 and $4047.0{\pm}1.5$ mg%, respectively. The ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) contents slightly increased with increasing aging time. In the color of Doenjang, the lightness and yellowness increased along with the aging time, but the redness decreased as the aging time increased. These results showed that BR-1 processed the fermentation the fastest compared with the others. Moreover, the reducing-sugar, ethanol, and free-amino-acid contents as palatable components increased rapidly until 30 days aging time.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.394-399
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of using waste nutrient solution (WNS) and reclaimed wastewater (WW) on the growth of Chinese cabbage and soil quality. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values of waste nutrient solution were 6.3 and $1.5dS\;m^{-1}$ and being 6.8 and $0.4dS\;m^{-1}$ in reclaimed WW, respectively. WNS found to be included more than $10g\;m^{-2}$ of $NO_3^-$, $K^+$, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Ca^{2+}$, thereby enhancing Chinese cabbage growth. However, $Cl^-$ and $Na^+$ contents were higher than other nutrients in WW. Among the three irrigation resources, no significant differences were found for the growth of Chinese cabbage plants. On the other hand, pH was decreased in WNS-treated soil when compare to that in WW-treated soil which pH was increased. In spite of the uptake of nutrients by the growing plants, irrigation of the WNS led to an increase in available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable cations such as $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ in the soil when compared to soil that irrigated by groundwater or WW. Taken together, the use of WNS can remarkably reduce the amount of the chemical fertilizer for Chinese cabbage production; however, WNS can possibly cause a problem as nutrients accumulation in soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.962-967
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• 2010

The influences of the different mixture of urea fertilizer and pig manure compost as a nitrogen (N) source on Chinese cabbage yield, N uptake, and N agronomic efficiency (AE) were evaluated in two soils having different soil fertility levels. Increasing urea application level was very effective to improve yield and N uptake of Chinese cabbage, and the highest yield was obtained by urea fertilization alone in two soils. On the other hand, the lowest yield and N uptake was obtained from compost alone application in two soils. There was no significant difference in terms of the nitrogen AE between low and high fertility soils that were fully applied with urea. The AE values of Chinese cabbage applied by compost alone were significantly higher in the soil having a low fertility (28.8 g $g^{-1}$) than that in soil with high fertility (16.2 g $g^{-1}$), suggesting that N in compost was more responsive in improving the yield of Chinese cabbage in low fertility soils.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.33-42
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• 2021

Despite the importance of science education in an informal environment, the reality is that there is a lack of trend analysis research on 'Informal Science Learning (ISL)' and its effects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find out the educational effects of ISL and how to use it, and to provide guidelines for future ISL research directions. This study classifies specific ISL-related papers published from 2010 to 2019 and compares them with each element of GLO used to measure the effectiveness of informal education. The fit of the analyzed data was checked for each part through SPSS and Chi-Square. In conclusion, it was found that researchers are using 'ISL' to pursue 'Knowledge and Understanding' and 'Attitudes and Values' among the five performance indicators of 'GLO'. On the other hand, 'Skills' and 'Enjoyment, Inspiration and Creativity' appear to have the least expectations, so supplementation is required in these areas in the future. In addition, this study intends to suggest a direction for informal science education-related program development and future research to various education workers.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2011

This study was performed to analyze the quality characteristics of Sulgidduk added with different ratio 0, 10 and 15% (w/w) of apple pomace dietary fiber powder (DFP). Increasing DFP from 0% to 15% was decreased in color L* value from 87.9 to 65.9, while a* and b* values were increased from -1.9 to 5.9 and from 5.0 to 20.5, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM; ${\times}500$) showed that air cell size in the Sulgidduk surface increased as the DEP increased. On the other hand, control without DFP had a compact structure without air cell. Enthalpy by DSC showed that control without DFP, 10 and 20% DEP Sulgidduk after 3 days of storage were 4.83, 3.80 and 3.18 J/g at $4^{\circ}C$ and those of $25^{\circ}C$ were 1.14, 0.60 and 0.60 J/g, respectively. DEP had more effective on retarded retrogradation of Sulgidduk at $4^{\circ}C$ than that at $25^{\circ}C$. Hardness of 15% DEP Sulgidduk was around 42% compared to that of control without DFP after 3 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. In hedonic test, 15% DEP Sulgidduk showed the highest overall quality score among samples after making and storage 3 days at $4^{\circ}C$.