• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.123-138
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• 2002

This study as one of a series of systematic studies about dancing costumes will compare the costumes of the 16th. 17th century with their normal style of dress. In brief. this study wants people to know about 16th, 17th century court dancing costumes and to understand the culture in the 16th.17th century. From the comparison between the court's dancing costume and the people's clothes, we could get the conclusion as follows. First, pourpoint. chemis, gown, chausses, etc. that people wore were used for the court's dancing costume. While people Pursued the beauty with the ample silhouette. there were used wrinkles. slits. and tailored oblique line-clothes that gave vitality. Second, silk. linen. brocade. etc. that were used for people's chemises were used for the dancing costume. The good quality and beautiful colors of the dancing costume. however. excelled than of the brilliant court's clothes and the people's clothes. Third. the hair style of dancers were very colorful. For example, there were many kinds of hats and furs, corals, etc. that were attached to them on the most of the long curly hair. In summary, for the court's dancing costume, the same type of clothes was used like the people's clothes. There, however, were differences. The slits, tailored oblique line-clothes and shortened skirt gave the activity. There were many decorations symbolizing the nobles' wealth and Power. Especially the use of the decoration of hair and other stake properties was an effective means for expression. The use of personified masks also contributed to the development of the court dance.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2017

This study is intended to look into the effects of wig wearing on scalp disorders in female patients with cancer. To achieve this, a survey was empirically carried out to female patients with cancer. The findings are as follows. The effect of wig wearing for hair loss on scalp itching in female patients with cancer showed that larger inconvenient factors did not cause the itch when wearing wig. And the adhesion, perspiration and psychological shrinking of wig wearing did not directly spark the scalp itch. The effect of wig wearing for hair loss on scalp trouble in female patients with cancer showed that higher inconvenient status and psychological shrinking significantly caused scalp trouble when removing wig, while the adhesion and perspiration did not directly correlated with scalp trouble when removing wig. As for the findings, it suggests that the simple adhesive status and perspiration do not just cause scalp disorders in that wig wearing for hair loss causes the scalp itch and trouble in female patients with cancer.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.611-617
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• 2018

This study divided hairpiece-related technologies into three categories: Materials, Structure, Hair Extensions. Then, it investigated the current patent application trends in the above technologies and attempted to determine what aspects should be focused on in terms of the growth potential of hairpiece-related technologies and future technologies. A hairpiece is used to cover a specific balding area resulting from innate factors such as heredity or acquired traits including disease or accident. It is also used to make short hair look longer. Recently, as the rates of hair loss caused by stress increase, there has been a rising demand for hairpieces that can quickly and conveniently cover a balding region as well as satisfy people's aesthetic needs through diverse hairstyling. Even though patents have been applied evenly across hairpiece technology fields, patent activity has declined since 2010 was confirmed. Therefore, this study targets the facilitation and expansion of the hairpiece technology market by suggesting desirable R&D directions for future hairpiece-related technologies after analyzing current hairpiece patent trends.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.808-817
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to verify potential differences in group- specific external feature concerns and beauty care behaviors of Korean women in their 20's~40's depending on their narcissistic propensity. This study is to take psychological approaches to narcissistic propensity of our contemporary society, so that it can get better understanding about consumers and provide marketing data on beauty-related industry. To meet the above goals, total 400 sheets of questionnaire were distributed to subjects from March 30 to April 8, 2009. Out of 376 sheets of questionnaire collected, total 355 valid questionnaires except incomplete 21 ones were used for final data analysis. For data analysis, this study used SPSS 12.0 as statistic program to perform factor analysis, reliability test (Cronbac's ${\alpha}$ coefficient), cluster analysis, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan's multiple range test and multiple regression analysis. As a result, this study could come to the following findings: First, according to cluster analysis depending upon different factors such as self-directed narcissism, others-conscious narcissism and others-sensitive narcissism, it was found that our women in 20's to 40's could fall into 4 groups, i.e. complex narcissism group, mixed narcissism group, others-sensitive narcissism group and dispirited narcissism group. Second, according to analysis on potential differences in external feature concerns among four groups depending on their narcissistic propensity, it was found that there were significant differences in all relevant factors among groups. Third, according to analysis on differences in beauty care behaviors among four groups depending upon their narcissistic propensity, it was found that there were significant differences in all relevant factors among groups. Fourth, according to analysis on potential factors of external feature concerns that may influence beauty care behaviors of complex narcissism group, it was found that those factors had significant effects on fashion-orientedness, cosmetic surgery and personality pursuit of this group. And it was also found that there were significant differences in fashion-orientedness, cosmetic surgery, makeup and hair styling of mixed narcissism group, others-sensitive narcissism group and dispirited narcissism group respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.2 s.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

This study is to measure the heavy metal content of permanent wave products which on marketing correctly as estimating the extent of exposure by a hair permanent wave scientifically. We would like to prevent an affair from arising health obstruction as to the heavy metal who is using those and also show the basic data for proposing the new standard. The results were as follows.: in case of the average heavy metal content for a wave type thioglycol acid ingredient includes 1.61ppm(Pb), 0.03ppm(Cd), 0.05ppm(Ni), 0.27ppm(Mn), 0.82ppm(Cu) and those were recognized the significant gap between products all the heavy metals. In case of a cysteine acid ingredient includes 0.86ppm(Pb), 0.01ppm(Cd), 0.05ppm(Ni), 0.20ppm(Mn) and 0.66ppm(Cu) and those were recognized the significant gap between products except a nickel. Straight type of permanent wave reductant includes 2.11ppm(Pb), 0.01ppm(Cd), 0.27ppm(Ni), 0.66ppm(Mn), 2.53ppm(Cu) and those were recognized the significant gap between products all the heavy metals. Permanent wave reducing agent includes 1.43ppm(Pb), 0.01ppm(Cd), 0.09ppm(Ni), 0.66ppm(Mn), 0.75ppm(Cu) and those were approved the significant gap between products except a cadmium. Exposure level of the heavy metal contents per onetime permanent waving were 242.3ppm(Pb), 2.5ppm(Cd), 17.7ppm(Ni), 89.0ppm(Mn), 174.7ppm(Cu).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2011

As modern society advances, women's self-consciousness and attitudes toward beautiful appearances have changed. Amid this trend, the young and slim body of adolescent girls expressed in contemporary fashion incites fantasy on continuing youth among women. In modern society, women's youth is frequently regarded as a subject of consumption and a sex product in the mass media. In this regard, the study is focused on examining desire and psychology of worshipping women's youth and beauty in connection with flapper fashion in the 1920s. In the process, the study took a look at the social and cultural background of flapper fashion and conducted an analysis on formative characteristics and aesthetic sense of flapper fashion as follows: First, the formative characteristics include a short skirt that expresses straight lined shape and the beauty of exposure, lighter clothing, thick make-up, short hair style and black or vivid colors, and they lead to exceptional and innovative aesthetic sense in flapper fashion. Flapper fashion style is focused on completely denying outdated fashion worn by women in the age right before. Second, pursuit of mature, graceful and classical beauty that had continued in previous ages has gone through complete changes in the flapper era in the name of pursuit of youth, and the flapper fashion expresses sensual image through the exposure of slim arms and legs of a young girl. In the formative characteristics, aesthetic sense of youth and sensuality inherent in the flapper fashion was generated. Third, women's free-spirited lifestyle at that time and 'aesthetic sense of freedom and amusement that reflected the speed of machine civilization could be found in the flapper fashion. Material and decoration of the flapper fashion pertained to clothing that enabled a free expression through rapid movements. Aesthetic sense of the flapper fashion generated in the process could be defined as women's internal determination to express individual and free-spirited ideas through the use of fashion when tradition and order of the old age were torn down. And this aesthetic sense is continuously affecting modern fashion design.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to research the symbolistic values of western beards' style in the twentieth century. Namely, it is to consider the relationship between social-cultural factors and aesthetic meanings of western beards' style. The contents are, firstly, studying the conception and the types of beard. A beard is the hair that grows on a person's chin, cheeks, neck, and the area above the upper lip. At the World Beard & Moustache Championships, there are moustache category (natural, english, hungarian, dali, fu manchu, freestyle), beard category (natural, musketeer, goatee, sideburns, freestyle), and full beard category (natural, garibaldi, verdi, van dyck, freestyle), Secondly, this paper is continued by researching the history of beard from the ancient to the present day, and thirdly, analyzing political dictatorship, social resistance and expression of personality, religious dignity, related with the change of world situation, the formation of postmodern anti-culture and pop-culture, and the coexistence of traditional culture. There are long and bushy full beards in some religions like Hinduism, Judaism and Islam. The meanings of their beards are purity, life and holiness. The beards of some politicians symbolize dictatorship. Namely, the chaplin of Hitler, the moustache of Hussein and the musketeer of Castro express strong power and charisma. In 1950s'-70s' subcultures, Hipsters' goatee, Bikers' horseshoe, Beat generations' goatee and Hippies' natural represent the lack of adaptability and social resistance. Also, the celebrities and artists like Ronald Colman, Clark Gable, Don Johnson, George Clooney, and Salvador Dali express freedom, personality, and taste with beards. For that matter, the symbolistic values of beards' style in the twentieth century are the religious dignity, the political dictatorship, the social resistance and the expression of personality. Today the beards' style is one of fashion items as well as a symbol of masculinity, customs and classes.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.43-47
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper was to empirically verify the effect of nail list maturity on work performance and customer orientation, and analyzed 300 adult female nail beauty workers (nailists) working at nail salons across the country. As a result of investigating the research hypothesis, it was found that the maturity of the nail list had a significant effect on work performance, and the maturity of the nail list had a significant effect on customer orientation. Given the increasing number of novice nail artists, it is inferred that the maturity of a nail artist can directly manifest in procedural outcomes and revenue aspects. Consequently, strategies to enhance the maturity of nail artists are expected to profoundly influence customer orientation and job performance. There was a scarcity of prior research discussing maturity from the perspective of nail beauty or other beauty fields (skin, hair, etc.), which posed challenges in our discourse. We anticipate in-depmore th follow-up research in the future.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1389-1395
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• 2009

Generally, it takes a long time to purify wood vinegar, and it contains toxic compounds such as tar, methanol, phenol and benzopyrene. To reduce the toxicity of wood vinegar itself, we have developed a new purification method of wood vinegar using an oxidation-cohesion reaction and distillation with an active carbon. We have investigated the physico-chemical change (pH, specific gravity, refractive index and dissolved tar), the change of amount of toxic compounds (carbonyl group, phenol, benzopyrene and residual solvents) and organic acids (formic acid (FA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA)) of the purified wood vinegar under the long term and accelerated storage conditions. Also, we have evaluated the effect of the purified wood vinegar on hair growth using an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. As a result, we could find out that the purified wood vinegar was stable and remained without decay under the storage conditions and benzopyrene, a carcinogenic agent, was not detected in the purified wood vinegar. After topical treatment of the purified wood vinegar solution or minoxidil (MXD) for 2 weeks to dorsal skin, the hair regrowth of the mice accelerated faster than that of the control, with no clinical signs. In conclusion, we could suggest a guideline for quality control of process to reduce the toxic compounds in wood vinegar and it might be a useful hair growth promoter in the treatment of baldness or alopecia.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.245-256
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to research the situation and related knowledge and behavior of Korean beauty artists on their musculoskeletal disorders and the factors on them. It was researched by questionnaire from March 1 to May 31, 2003, and the subjects were 984 of beauty artists who were working as hair designers, skin care specialists, and make-up artists over 1 year in big cities including Seoul, Daegu, Busan and Gwangju. The analyzation was done by frequency, percentage, $x^2-test$, t-test. The results can be summarized as follows; 1. As for their degree of pain according to part of their body, the highest was shoulder as 88.3%, and next were neck(cervical region) as 83.2%, waist as 77.6%, and wrist(hand) as 71.8%, in order. 2. The level of knowledge on the muscloskeletal disorder was 65.6 points on the basis 100points. As for their level of protective behavior and knowledge on the disorders of musculoskeletal system according to their educational experience, the higher educational level they had the higher knowledge level they showed, as 42.6% of 'high', 30.4% of 'medium', and 27.0% of low; and as for degree of performing the protective behavior, they showed the higher protective behavior level when they had the higher educational level. 3. As for their level of knowledge on disorders of musculoskeletal system according to their general uniqueness as beauty artists, they showed statistical significance on the field of their marriage status, educational degree, specialized field, and numbers of customers they manage; and as for the degree of their protective behavior, they showed statistical significance in the field of age, marriage status, specialized field, and rank in their jobs. 4. The level of protecting behavior on the muscloskeletal disorder was 57.4 points on the basis 100points. As for their degree of pain on each part of their body according to their protective behavior and knowledge on musculoskeletal system, it had statistical significance on their elbows and hips, and the less pain they showed when the higher knowledge they had; it had statistical significance on their neck(cervical region), shoulders, backs, waists, knees and ankles(feet) according their protective behavior, and the less pain they showed when the higher level of protective behavior they did.