• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2000

1996년 6월부터 11월까지 적조가 빈번히 발생하는 해역인 행암만과 마산만을 대상으로 종속 영양세균과 엽록소 a 함량에 미치는 환경요인의 역할에 대하여 조사하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 마산만과 행암만의 수계환경은 무기영양염의 함량이 뚜렷한 한 차이를 나타내었다. 행암만은 질소영양염이 제한된 수계환경이고, 마산만은 담수의 유입이 많은 초여름과 가을에 인에 비하여 질소의 농도가 높게 나타나 행암만에 비해 인 영양염이 제한되는 수계환경특성을 갖고 있다. 단순회귀분석의 결과에 의하면, 엽록소 a는 행암만에서 강수량 (r=0.813, P<0.05), 인 (r=0.846, P<0.05)과 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었으나 마산만에서는 다른 환경변수와 유의한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 종속영양세균은 행암만 (규산염 규소, r=0.960, P<0.01) 보다 마산만 (강수량, r=0.990, P<0.01 : NO₃-N, r=0.901, P<0.05, 용존성 무기질소, r=0.899, P<0.05 ;N/P mole 비, r=0.952, P<0.05 : 염분, r=-0.934, P<0.05)에서 많은 환경변수들과 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 중회귀분석에 의하면, 엽록소 a는 마산만에서 규산염 규소에 의해 67.8%의 중요도를 나타내었으며 행암만에서 N/P 비에 의해 37.6%의 중요도를 나타내었다. 종속영양세균의 분포는 마산만에서 규산염 규소와 염분에 의해 각각 42.3%와 32.1%의 중요도를 나타내었으며, 행암만에서 규산염 규소에 의해 76.3%의 중요도를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 초여름과 가을사이에 행암만과 마산만에서 담수의 유입은 풍부한 영양원, 유기물과 용존성 무기질소의 증가를 유도하였으며 종속영양세균과 엽록소 a 함량의 변화를 지배하는 주된 환경요인으로 작용하였음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.8-19
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• 1998

The dicriminant function was introduced to understand the cause and establish the prediction method of red tides occurring In Jinhae Bay. Korea. Two sea re91ons of Masan and Haengam Bays and Dang- dong and Wonmun Bays had different types of causes and patterns for red tides. In Masan and Haengam Bays, the red tides concentrically occurred during June and September. For example, in .lune the red tides occurred from physical and meteorological factors, which are related to the stratification and the increase in planktons. However in August the red tides occurred from the water quality environment, based on these conditoins. Futhermore, in September the red tides were caused by the balance between the meteorological and water quality environmental factors. In contrast to those, In Dangdong and Won-mun Bays, the red tides mainly occurred during July and October and the frequency of occurrence was not as much as Masan and Haengam Bays. Especially, in August and September most meteorological and physical factors or water quality environmental factors appeared to contribute to the occurrence of red tides. This indicates that red tides do not easily occur as they are controlled by various environmental factors particularly in these regions The discriminant functions were applied to predict red tides which they were actually occurred In Masan and Haengam Bays in June. The results showed that they were successful for the prediction of red tide at Haengam Bay but not at Masan Bay. The reason for their discrepancy in Masan Bay could have come from using a slight higher value of pH or COD in May, instead of its value in June.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1975

A survey was conducted to determine the concentrations of six heavy metals, namely Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg and Cd, in the sea water off Jinhae and Masan during January and February, 1974. The contents of Fe, Cu and Zn were the highest in Masan Bay, and decreased in order of Haengam Bay, Ungcheon area and Ungdong area. The Fe concentrations showed significant differences particulary in Masan Bay by depth. All of these characteristic would contribute to the assumption that the pollution might have originated from Masan. Pb contents varied in the range of 1.0-7.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l, but Haengam water contained the lowest concentrations of all areas surveyed. The contents of Hg and Cd showed 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l through survey regions respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.2015-2028
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• 2014

We analyzed with HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis photosynthetic pigments and environmental factors, microscopic observations of the phytoplankton and zooplankton in the seawater every month from February 2009 to November 2010 in Haengam Bay. The level of dissolved inorganic nutrients was the highest between July and September, when freshwater influx was at its peak, whereas chlorophyll a levels were the highest in April and August. Also, phytoplankton pigment concentration increased when dissolved inorganic nutrients are carried into nearshore waters by rainfall runoff. Based on identification of phytoplankton and photosynthetic pigments results, diatoms were mainly dominant while dinoflagellate populations increased at July and August 2009, May 2010. The zooplankton communities are dominated in terms of Noctiluca scintillans. The contribution of Noctiluca scintillans in 2010 accounts for approximately 77.3% of the total zooplankton. Distribution patterns over time of zooplankton in the seasonal distribution of phytoplankton showed a different pattern.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.7-24
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• 2008

Masan-Jinhae Bay, in Korea, is known for its frequent algal bloom outbreaks. This study was conducted in order to examine the environmental characteristics of the area, with the aim of identifying indicators that could be used to speculate about future algal blooms. The water temperatures and salinities in Haengam Bay, one of the small inner bays within Jinhae, appeared to re relatively higher than those in Masan and Jinhae bays, across most seasons. Furthermore, stratification begins to develop in all three regions from spring to summer as a result of the local heating effects and an increase in the efficient from the surrounding land. As a result, anoxic conditions appear near the bottom layer of the bay, leading to the deterioration of water quality, which has been identified as one of the causes of bloom outbreaks. Compared to Haengam and Jinhae bays, concentrations of DIN and DIP were remarkably higher in Masan Bay. However, the mean ratio of DIN to DIP was 3.3$\sim$13.6 in all three regions throughout the year, suggesting that nitrogen can function as a growth-limiting factor for phytoplankton. The results of mathematical models showed that cumulative organic pollutants may be a trigger for direct algal bloom occurrences, since residual tidal currents appeared to be less than $3\;cm\;\cdot\;s^{-1}$. Furthermore, computed DO concentrations in the four small inner bays of Jinhae during the summer appeared to be $3\;cm\;\cdot\;l^{-1}$ indicating a hypoxic state. Likewise, computed Chl-a concentrations turned out to be more than $0.01\;mg\;\cdot\;l^{-1}$, indicating eutrophication across most seasons. Based on the overall results, Masan-Jinhae Bay appeared to possess a very high potential for algal bloom outbreaks at anytime during the year.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.103-103
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• 1995

In the Chinhae Bay, Korea, sedimentation rates and sedimentary record of anthropogenic metal loads were determined by $^{210}Pb$ dating and heavy metal analysis of four sediment cores . The sedimentation rates varied from 0.16g/$cm^2$/yr(3.1mm/yr) at Sta. Ct, located within narrow waterway to 0.24g/$cm^2$/yr(4.8mm/yr) at Sta. Cl, located in Haengam Bay. Maximum contents of Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr were observed at Sta. C2 located near the mouth of Masan Bay, while minimum contents were observed at Sta. CB. Mn/Fe ratios at Sta. C2 and Sta. C4 showed gradually increasing and decreasing downward, respectively, in the upper layer of sediment cores. This suggests that Mn may be diagenetically redistributed in highly reduced environment. At Sta. C2, the concentrations of Zn and Cu began to increase from 1920s by anthropogenic input and have been remarkablely increasing since mid 1960s. At Sta. C3, located near Sungpo, anthropogenic input of these two elements has also slightly increased after 1970s. However, pollution of these two elements was not significant in Haengam Bay(Sta. Cl) and Chiljun watenway(Sta. C4). The pollution of Co, Ni and Cr was not remarkable in all core samples except surface sediment of Sta. C2. The total input of anthropogenic Zn and Cu since 1920s was estimated to be 28∼792 ㎍/cm2 and 0∼168㎍/cm2, respectively. Sta. C2 showed remarkablely higher values relative to other stations: anthropogenic loads of Zn and Cu constituted 27% and 29% of the total sedimentary inventories at the present day, respectively. Fe, Ni, Cr and Co contents showed good correlation(r>0.8) with each other. Anthropogenic Zn and Cu also showed a very good positive correlation(>0.9). However, correlation between these two group of element was quite scattered, indicating different sources and geochemical behaviors.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.489-500
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• 1995

In the Chinhae Bay, Korea, sedimentation rates and sedimentary record of anthropogenic metal loads were determined by $^{210}Pb$ dating and heavy metal analysis of four sediment cores . The sedimentation rates varied from 0.16g/$cm^2$/yr(3.1mm/yr) at Sta. Ct, located within narrow waterway to 0.24g/$cm^2$/yr(4.8mm/yr) at Sta. Cl, located in Haengam Bay. Maximum contents of Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr were observed at Sta. C2 located near the mouth of Masan Bay, while minimum contents were observed at Sta. CB. Mn/Fe ratios at Sta. C2 and Sta. C4 showed gradually increasing and decreasing downward, respectively, in the upper layer of sediment cores. This suggests that Mn may be diagenetically redistributed in highly reduced environment. At Sta. C2, the concentrations of Zn and Cu began to increase from 1920s by anthropogenic input and have been remarkablely increasing since mid 1960s. At Sta. C3, located near Sungpo, anthropogenic input of these two elements has also slightly increased after 1970s. However, pollution of these two elements was not significant in Haengam Bay(Sta. Cl) and Chiljun watenway(Sta. C4). The pollution of Co, Ni and Cr was not remarkable in all core samples except surface sediment of Sta. C2. The total input of anthropogenic Zn and Cu since 1920s was estimated to be 28~792 $\mu\textrm{g}$/cm2 and 0~168$\mu\textrm{g}$/cm2, respectively. Sta. C2 showed remarkablely higher values relative to other stations: anthropogenic loads of Zn and Cu constituted 27% and 29% of the total sedimentary inventories at the present day, respectively. Fe, Ni, Cr and Co contents showed good correlation(r>0.8) with each other. Anthropogenic Zn and Cu also showed a very good positive correlation(>0.9). However, correlation between these two group of element was quite scattered, indicating different sources and geochemical behaviors.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2005

Surface sediments and seawater were sampled at Masan and Haengam Bays of Korea, to evaluate contamination by sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterols, Six stream-water samples into Masan and Haengam Bays were also sampled. Total concentrations of eight sterols (coprostanol, epichloestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and $\beta-sitosterol$) were in the range of $1,274\~4,768{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the stream-water, $292\~2,244{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the seawater and $4.5\~27.2{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the sediments. Although sterol compositions in sediments, seawater and stream-water were different, cholesterol was the predominant sterol in all samples. The proportion and concentration of coprostanol, a sewage tracer, in stream-water was much higher than those in sediment and seawater. The sterol levels including coprostanol in the sediments and seawater were higher at inner basin than at the outer bay. Some molecular indices and multivariate statistical analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols and sewage contamination in the study area. The sterol composition patterns in stream-water were mainly associated with contamination by sewage-derived organic matters and those of seawater were associated with the activities of marine-originated organisms. Sterol levels in the sediments were both from the sewage input through stream-water and the marine- originated organisms. This survey suggests that the main source/route of sewage-derived organic matters in Masan Bay is the input of stream-water into the bay.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

진해만 해역에 있어서 적조발생역과 물질집적공간을 진단하기 위해서 수치모델링에 의해 하계 적조가 발생했을 때 환경요인의 변통에 따른 $Cha-{alpha}$ 분포와 물리과정의 기여도를 평가하였다. 해수유동모델에 의한 표층 잔차류는 무풍시와 풍속 2 m/sec이하일 때 진해만 서부해역과 동부해역에서 각각 남향과 북향 하는 흐름이 상접하는 공간이 예측되었고, 풍속이 강해질 때는 유속도 강해지고 유향도 크게 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 생태계모델에 의해 하계 $Cha-{alpha}$를 예측한 결과, 진동만과 가덕수로 북단의 인근 해역에서는 20 mg/㎥ 이상으로 매우 높았고, 서부해역에서도 대부분 10 mg/㎥이상으로 진해만은 전역에서 하계에는 적조발생 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 예측되었다. 현 상황에서 $Cha-{alpha}$현존량에 대한 물리과정량을 평가한 결과, 동부해역의 가덕수로 북단과 칠천도 주변, 서부해역의 진동만 내측 그리고 가조도 서쪽지역에서 물리과정량이 (+)로 계산되어 물질의 집적이 일어날 가능성이 큰 공간으로 평가되었고, 마산만, 행암만, 진동만, 원문만 및 고현만 등에서는 물리과정량이 (-) 즉, 발산지역으로 나타나서 물리과정량 보다는 생물학적인 증식과정이 큰 기여를 하는 것으로 고려되었다. 모델링과 현장관측자료 분석결과, 진해만 해역에 있어서 적조의 초기발생역은 마산만과 행암만으로 나타났다. 풍속의 증가는 $Cha-{alpha}$의 농도를 감소시키지만 물리적으로 집적하는 공간의 확대를 야기 시키는 것으로 예측되었고, 동남풍 계열보다는 북서풍 계열이 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 일사량 및 일조시간의 변통은 물리적 집적공간의 분포에는 큰 영향이 없었지만, $Cha-{alpha}$의 급격한 증감을 초래하는 것으로 시뮬레이션되었다. 육상오염부하량 자체만의 변동으로는 $Cha-{alpha}$를 적조발생 가능농도이하로 감소시키지는 않는 것으로 모델링되었다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1978

우리 나라에서의 연안수질조사나 해양특성조사는 현재까지 단편적으로 이루어진 것이 상당히 많다. 해방전에 조사된 것을 제외하면 1960년대 전반까지는 조사된 것이 별로 없으나 후반에 들어와서는 원(1963,1964), 박과 김(1967), 장과 배(1968), 박 등(1969), 이 등(1969)의 양식장주변을 위주로 한 조사가 시작되었으며, 경제성장과 때를 같이하여 1970년대 전반에 들어와서는 원과 박(1970), 김(1970), 원(1970), 최 등(1970), 최와 정(1971), 홍 등(1971), 강(1972), 최와 정(1972), 황 (1972), 원과 박(1973), 김 등((1974), 이 등 (1974), 노 등 (1975), 곽과 이(1975) 박(1975a,b), 곽(1976, 1977) 등 연안수질의 현황에 대하여 집중적으로 조사가 행해졌다. 그러나 어떤 한 해역에 있어서의 해양학적 특성이나 영양염 또는 중금속을 조사했ㅇ르 뿐 그 이외의 해역을 같은 계절에 조사해서 비교 분석한 사실은 거의 없다