• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

In an experiment conducted at the research field of the National Institute of Agricultural Science, we investigated the effects of mineral fertilizer and rice straw compost on exchangeable potassium and K balances, and rice grain yield under a rice single system. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (N), inorganic fertilizer (N, P, K) plus rice straw compost at rates of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and $30.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ (NPKC7.5, NPKC15.0, NPKC22.5, and NPKC30.0, respectively). The inorganic fertilizers(N, P, K) were added with standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), and potassium ($K_2O$) were applied with $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Exchangeable potassium for NPKC15.0 NPKC22.5, and NPK30.0 treatments was higher by $0.05{\sim}0.19cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ than that of NPKC7.5 treatment. Increasing levels of rice straw compost resulted in an increase in the K balance from - $19.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ (No fert.) to $41.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ at NPKC22.5 treatment and $62.9kg\;ha^{-1}$ at NPKC30.0 treatment. Continuous application of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers affected significantly the rice grain yields. The result of the study imply that the application of more than $22.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers are recommended as the best fertilization practice for enhancement of crop production and K supplying power of soil in the continuous rice cropping system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 1996

To investigate the effects of inorganic phosphate ($P_2O_5$ 200kg/ha), fermented cow manures($P_2O_5$ 200kg/ha, 400kg/ha) and poultry manures($P_2O_5$ 200kg/ha, 400kg/na) levels mixed with sawdust on the soil changes and productivity of alfalfa monoculture, a field experiment arranged by randonmized complete block design was conducted at National Livestock Research Institute in Suwon, September, 1993 to December 1995. The results are as follows. S1. Soil pH was changed from 5.40(before experiment) to 6.17(fermented cow manure, $P_2O_5$ 400kg/ha), 6.76 (fermented poultry manure, $P_2O_5$400kg/ha) and 6.3l(inorganic phosphate, $P_2O_5$ 200kg/ha) at 0~5cm depth of subsoil, respectively. Organic contents after experiment were lower as a range of 2.41%~3.15% than those before experiment. 2. Total nitrogen contents of each treatment showed as 0.13%~0.16% at 0~5cm depth of subsoil comparing with before experiment(0.15%). Available phosphate content of inorganic phosphate($P_2O_5$200kgha) was highest as 405ppm. lowest as 125ppm(fermented poultry manure, $P_2O_5$ 200kg/ha) than before trial(205ppm). 3. K and Ca contents of after experiment were appeared to 0.22%~0.78% and 6.45%~9.45% comparing with before experiment(0.10% and 3.56%), respectively. 4. During two years, average DM yield of fermented cow rnanure($P_2O_5$ 400kg/ha) was highest as 11, 731kg/ha and lowest as 9, 017kg/ha at fermented poultry manure plot($P_2O_5$ 200kg/ha) with as sawdust, but no significant difference was found among treatment(P>0.05). 5. CP production, NEL and TDN yield of fermented cow manure($P_2O_5$ 400kg/ha) were highest as 2, 282kg/ha 69, 900kg/ha and 6, 392kg/ha, respectively, but no significant difference among treatment(P>0.05). 6. In inorganic contents of alfalfas, there was not show same tendency in accordance with treatments. As a results mentioned above, it was possible to use 200kg $P_2O_5/ha$ of fermented cow or poultry manure with sawdust instead of inorganic phosphae fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.282-288
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• 2005

This study was carried out to estimate aboveground carbon contents associated with four years of thinning treatment of Quercus acuta stands in Wando Arboretum, Jeonnam. Stand thinning was conducted over four years using stand table projection for each thinning treatment. Ten sample trees were cut in the surveyed area. Estimation of aboveground biomass was made using the equation model $W=aD+bD^2$ where W is oven dry weight and D is DBH in cm. The total aboveground biomass for each intensity treatment area was : control (148.4 ton/ha), light (105.6 ton/ha), moderate (68.7 ton/ha) and heavy (39.1 ton/ha). Aboveground carbon storage for Quercus acuta stands was found by multiplying dry weigh t (ton/ha) by 0.5. Carbon storage and increment after four years was: control (74.2 tonC/ha), light (52.8 tonC/ha), moderate (34.3 tonC/ha) and heavy thinning intensity area (38.2tonC/ha).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 1999

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as a soil conditioner in rice paddy field. In 1997, rice (Oryza sativa B. cv. Dongjinbyeo) crop was cultivated under different application rates of BOF slag at three different places, Inandong Sunchon city, Youjunglee Bosung province, and Nampyung Najoo city. In each paddy field, five treatments, four application rate of BOF slag (0, 4, 8, $12Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and one application rate of lime ($2Mg\;ha^{-1}$) were tried with three replications. Plant height, number of tillers per hill, leaf area per hill, leaf dry weight, calm dry weight or shoot dry weight per hill were measured five times at the interval of seven days. Chemical contents of rice plants and soil were also measured at the same sampling date Yield were estimated by harvesting $6.6m^2$ per experimental unit and yield components were measured by sampling 10 plants per experimental unit at the harvest date. Application of BOF slag hardly affected contents of soil organic matter, available phosphate and potassium in soil. Soil pH and contents of Ca, Mg, Fe and $SiO_2$ enhanced as BOF slag rate increased. Enhancement of soil pH by ROF slag treatment appeared to be closely related with increase in soil Ca content. Application tate of $2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of lime showed almost the same effect, in increase of soil Ca content as application rate of $4{\sim}8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of BOF slag, Fe content in soil decreased sharply as time passed after slag treatment and stabilized more or less at the later sampling date. Contents of inorganic matter in plant such as total nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and Mg were not affected by BOF slag treatment. However, contents of Ca, Fe, and $SiO_2$ in plants increased as slag rate became higher. The growth of rice plants with BOF slag treatment was more or less slower but continued persistently up to the later growth stage, so that growth of plants with BOF slag treatment was almost the same nr even greater than that of control or lime treatment. However, BOF slag rate of $12Mg\;ha^{-1}$ seemed to be too high because all the measurements of plant, growth at this rate showed lower values than those of other treatments at all the sampling dates. Treatments of BOF slag $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ or $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ showed higher rough rice yield than other treatments, so that the optimum BOF slag ratein rice paddy field seemed to be in the rage of $4{\sim}8Mg\;ha^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.182-191
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• 1999

A study was conducted for the determination of application rate of pig-dung composted with sawdust (referred as pig manure hereafter) for wetland rice. The study involved the field experiments with the cultivation of rice under different rates of application of pig manure in combination of different rates of chemical fertilizers, in a wetland rice soil. The field experiment involved following treatments : (I) Without fertilizer, (II) Standard rate of chemical fertilizers based on soil testing($98-73-71kg\;ha^{-1}$ as $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$), (III) $2.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure $>+80-37kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $N- K_2O$ as chemical fertilizer(Less $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ contained in the compost), (IV) $4.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure+ $62-3kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $N-K_2O$as chemical fertilizer(Less $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ contained in the compost), (V) $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure+ Treatment(II), (VI) $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure +Treatment(II). Number of tillers in treatment (I) were higher than other treatments in tillering and panicle formation stage. After heading stage, treatments (V) and (VI) have higher number of tillers, but treatment (III) and (IV) have fewer number of tillers during all growing stage. Uptake of NPK in rice plants was higher in treatment (VI), but the efficiency of N, P and K was higher in treatment (I), (III) and (IV). The yield of unhulled rice were in order of tretments (VI)>(V)>(IV)>(II)>(III), although the difference was not statistically significant. Inorganic nitrogen, available P and exchangable K contents in soil were highest at tillering stage in all treatments and became low from panicle formation to harvest stage. Available P in soil was increased by the application of pig manure upto 20 cm depth. Exchangeable cation contents in 40 to 60 cm soil depth was much higher in treatment (VI) than in other treatments. Treatment (V) and (VI) showed much higher losses of N. $P_2O_5 $ and $K_2O$ than other treatment. Though treatment (VI) tended yield higher than in other treatments, showed lodging and occurrence of leaf and neck blast in this treatment. Yield of unhulled rice in treatment (IV) was not significant statistically and reduced nutritional losses. It is conclude that treatment (IV) seems to be the most reasonable one for the application of pig manure in combination of chemical fertilizers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 1992

In order to investigate waether soil microorganism prefer diazinon to humic substances as their substate, the growth of soil bacteria and the activities of monooxygenase and ${\alpha}-,{\beta}-esterase$ were measured after treatment of diazinon and humic substances in defined medium at $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Also, the degradation rate of diazinon was determined by addition of humic substances to the medium. The number of soil bacteria was increased from 1 day and 3 days after the treatment with humic substances and diazinon, respectively. And it showed about 1.5 times more with humic substances than diazinon at 10 days. Monooxygenase(MO) activity with the treatment of humic substances was higher than diazinon until 3 days after treatment in the order of HA > FA > humin. Esterase(ES) activity with the treament of humin and HA was higher than dizainon from 5 dyas, but FA was much similar to diazinon. The degradation rate of diazinon showed more persistancy by addition of humic substances ; 51.4% with humin treatment, 58.9% with HA, 62.4% with FA and 71.9% in control at 10 days after treatment. Therefore, as soil microorganisms perfer humic substances to diazinon, the degreadation rate of diazinon might be delayed by addition of humic stbstances in submerged soil.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of herbicide treatment and seeding method on the forage yield, weed control, and persistency in the Artemisia princeps dominated pasture. It was arranged as a randomized block design with seven treatments(\circled1 oversowing(control),\circled2 glyphosate 4 ${\ell}$/ha + oveysowing a \circled3glyphosate 4 ${\ell}$/ha + chiselreseeding, \circled4 paraquat dichloride 3 ${\ell}$/ha + oversowing,\circled5 paraquat dichloride 3 ${\ell}$/ha + chiselreseeding, \circled6 dicamba 4 ${\ell}$/ha + oversowing and \circled7 dicamba 4 ${\ell}$/ha + chiselreseeding), and conducted at National Livestock Research Institute in Suwon from June, 1985 to October, 1987. In the Artemisia princeps dominated pasture, the treatments of glyphosate 4 ${\ell}$/ha before oversowipg or chisel reseeding controlled 80.7-83.3% of the Artemisia princeps, and for two years the average dry weight of Artemisiaprinceps greatly decreased, but dry matter(DM) yield of forage increased 57-96% than that pf control. In the herbicide treatments, the average DM yield of forage in the plots with chisel r e d i n g was significantly higher when compared to oversowing. The results in this study indicated that herbicide treatment was effective for the control of Artemisiaprinceps, and good renovation of grassland and higher DM yield of forage could be obtained by application of glyphosate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.213-214
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• 2009

A thin film hydroxyapatite (HA) films was deposited on anodized titanium by RF sputtering method. The anodized titanium enhanced the biocompatibility of the Ti and the bioactivity was improved further by the HA deposited on the anodized Ti. $TiO_2$ layer with $0.2{\sim}0.5{\mu}$ diameter pore size was formed on the Ti surface by anodization. Anodized $TiO_2$ layer analysis HA film deposited, oxide pore size and number decreased compared with non-HA deposited surface. The corrosion resistance of HA deposited/anodized Ti was higher than that of the non-treatment Ti alloy in Hank's solution, indicating better protective effect. From the results of cell culture using MTT assays, the best cell proliferation showed in HA deposited surface after anodization of Ti surfaces compared with another surface treatment.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2006

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of distillation Herbal medicine and Counseling Treatment to the insomnia In this case, a female patient, 40 years old, who had an adverse reaction of a Herbal medicine, complained of insomnia. We treated the patient with distillation Herbal medicine and Counseling. we diagnosed her state Rhosangsimbi(勞傷心脾), so we prescribed distillation Gagamguibi-tang(加減歸脾湯) for patient. In result, the patient's hours of sleep was increased to 6 hours from 1 hour. Conclusionally, Distillation Herbal medicine and Counseling Treatment Could be Effective method to treat the patient of insomnia with an adverse reaction of a Herbal medicine.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.408-414
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• 2008

Importance of climate change and its impact on agriculture and environment has increased with the rise Green House Gases (GHGs) concentration in the atmosphere. To slow down the speed of climate change many efforts have been applied in industrial sectors to reduce GHGs emission and to enhance carbon storage. In agricultural sector, many researches have been performed on GHGs emission reduction, but few on the role of carbon sink. In this study, we investigated carbon balance and soil carbon storage in agricultural field in the barley-red pepper and barley-soybean cropping system. With the system for automatic measuring of carbon dioxide, net ecosystem production(NEP) was estimated to be $6.3ton\;CO_2\;ha-1$ for N-P-K chemical fertilizer treatment plot and $10.6ton\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ for N-P-K chemical fertilizer with swine manure treatment plot in the barley-soybean rotation cropping. In the barley-red pepper rotation cropping, it was $12.0ton\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ for N-P-K chemical fertilizer treatment plot and $13.2ton\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ for N-P-K chemical fertilizer with swine manure treatment plot. Soil carbon storage rate was estimated to be $0.7ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for the barley-soybean cropping system and $0.5ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for barley-pepper cropping system. In appeared that agricultural lands may contribute to the greenhouse effect as a potential carbon sink preserving carbon into soil.