• 보건행정학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal variation of death from intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation and suffocation (HSS: Korean Standard Classification of Diseases-6 code: X70) using the 2011 death registry data. Methods: The analysis was based on data of 8,359 HSS deaths from 2011 national vital statistics in Korea. Daily, weekly, and monthly death pattern on HSS were used to examine the relationship seasonal variation and HSS deaths. Results: A total of 8,359 HSS deaths occurred in 2011, with a mean age of 50.6 years. The HSS death rate (per 100,000) was 25.5 in male and 10.8 in female. In one day 17.6 males and 8.0 females occurred HSS death on average. The number of HSS death per day was the highest on 8th June (45 deaths), and lowest on 1st February (7 deaths) during the period. The variations of daily HSS death showed wide fluctuation from a peak of 34 to 45 deaths (29th May to 9th June) to a trough of 17-26 deaths (10th-13th September: the Korean thank-giving consecutive holidays), 13-20 deaths (2nd-5th February: the new year's day by the lunar calendar) and 8-9 deaths (24th-25th December: Christmas holidays). There were no significant difference between gender and seasonal variation (month, season, and week). Conclusion: The mean number of HSS death per day was highest in June (30.6 deaths), and months with the lowest number of deaths was January and December (range, 19.4 to 19.6 deaths). HSS death were more prevalent during summer and spring and were less likely to occur during winter. On Saturdays (21.0 deaths), the number of HSS death per day was the lowest, and Monday (27.9 deaths) was the highest. HSS death was less likely to occur on holidays (21.4 deaths). There was significant seasonal variation in HSS death by weekly and monthly (p<0.01).

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2011

To find the optimum proportion of Hydrangea serrata Seringe(HSS) powder, rice cakes were prepared with different quantities of Hydrangea serrata Seringe powder instead of sugar. Technical and sensory examinations were then conducted. The proximate components of the HSS leaves were 3.48% crude protein, 6.45% crude lipid, 7.98% crude fiber and 9.32% crude ash. The pH values of samples which replaced 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of sugar with the HSS powder were significantly decreased(p<0.05). The groups with HSS powder showed a lower L value(lightness) and a value(redness) than that of the control group. The B value(yellowness) of the Sulgidduk containing the HSS powder was higher than that of the control group. The hardness of HS2 and HS3 was increased by the addition of the HSS powder. The adhesiveness of Sulgidduk groups with the HSS powder was higher than that of the control group. Springiness was not changed by adding the HSS powder. The cohesiveness of the Sulgidduk was significantly reduced by adding the HSS powder(p<0.001). The groups with no sugar showed the highest gumminess and chewiness. The added HSS powder caused both a darker color and a stronger odor, but the sweetness of the Sulgidduk which replaced the sugar with the HSS powder was decreased compared to the control group. The moisture content and the hardness was not affected by the addition of the HSS powder. The preference of color and taste was not changed by adding the HSS powder. The preference of flavor of the Sulgidduk with the HSS powder showed higher than that of the control. Overall acceptability of the Sulgidduk did not show any significant differences. As a result, Sulgidduk can be replaced 25% and 50% of sugar with the Hydrangea serrata Seringe powder.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2012

To enhance the cutting performance of high speed steel(HSS) endmill, single and multilayer coating is applied on the substrated of the HSS endmill. Coating material reduces cutting force and enhances resistance against abrasive wear. This paper presents the physical vapour deposition(PVD) coating technology and evaluate the PVD coated HSS endmill. The performance of coated HSS endmills are fifteen times better than uncoated HSS endmill on proposed cutting conditions. The TiAlN monolayer coated endmills(futura nano coating) are better than those of multilayer coated endmills(futura coating) on machined surface and tool wear.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2013

To enhance the cutting performance of high speed steel(HSS) endmill, single and multilayer coating is applied on the substrated of the HSS endmill. Coating material reduces cutting force and enhances resistance against abrasive wear. This paper presents the physical vapour deposition(PVD) coating technology and evaluate the PVD coated HSS endmill. The performance of coated HSS endmills are fifteen times better than uncoated HSS endmill on proposed cutting conditions. The TiAlN monolayer coated endmills(futura nano coating) are better than those of multilayer coated endmills(futura coating) on machined surface and tool wear.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Recently, PM-high speed steel(PM-HSS) has reportedly been a good alternative material for rolling mill because of its superior performance to conventional HSS. This paper has been aimed to investigate the possibility for application to rolling contact element for PM-HSS by X-ray diffraction technique. The X-ray elastic constant for PH-HSS has been found by X-ray diffraction during the four-point bending test. Residual stress and half-value breadth on the contact surface during rolling contact fatigue process by X-ray diffraction have also been measured. The result of this study shows that the application of X-ray diffraction technique to PM-HSS could be as possible alternative material as conventional HSS. Half-value breadth on rolling contact surface by X-ray diffraction is not changed during rolling contact fatigue process. On the other hand, the residual stress is changed. This suggests that dislocation reaction has been hardly occurred in rolling contact, depending on super-saturated carbon in PM-HSS.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1998년도 제27회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.108-114
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• 1998

The mechanical characteristics of the high speed steel by powder metallurgy process(PM-HSS) has been reported to improve with several alloying constituents, such as high carbon, vanadium and cobalt. In this paper, sliding wear test has been conducted using a pin-on-disc machine for three PM-HSS which contains 0%, 5% and 12% cobalt respectively, in order to evaluate the effect of cobalt on wear properties of PM-HSS. The results of this study showed that the wear resistance of PM-HSS has been increased by the addition of cobalt on the range of experimental friction velocities. When compared with the effect of addition of cobalt, the wear resistance of PM-HSS with 5% cobalt has been found to be superior to that of PM-HSS with 12% cobalt.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2000년도 제32회 추계학술대회 정기총회
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• pp.44-49
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• 2000

Recently, PM-high speed steel(PM-HSS) has reportedly been a good alternative material for rolling mill because of its superior peformance to conventional HSS. This paper has been aimed to investigate the possibility for application to rolling contact element for PM-HSS by X-ray diffraction technique. The X-ray elastic constant for PM-HSS has been found by X-ray diffraction during the four-point bending test. Residual stress and half-value breadth on the contact surface during rolling contact fatigue process by X-ray diffraction have also been measured. The result of this study shows that the application of X-ray diffraction technique to PM-HSS could be as possible alternative material as conventional HSS. Half-value breadth on rolling contact surface by X-ray diffraction is not changed during rolling contact fatigue process. On the other hand, the residual stress is changed. This suggests that dislocation reaction has been hardly occurred in rolling contact, depending on supersaturated carbon in PM-HSS.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.899-904
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• 2001

The impact of PVD coatings can be summed up in practical terms: this technology historically complements the best designed tool substrates to enhance cutting performance. PVD coatings are now incorporated in 25% of all HSS tools. The functionality is to extend the machining speed range, improve wear resistance at the cutting edge, and reduce friction at chip/tool contact areas to allow easier chip evacuation. These translate to a larger safe zone, as discussed in the failure mode diagram, for better productivity and higher reliability in machining operations of the customer. PVD coatings therefore represent an enabling technology that extends the application range of cutting tools in response to modern industrial needs. PVD coatings prolong the product life cycle of HSS tools and help this "mature" material to hold its territory against the advent of the newer hardmetal and ceramic tool materials. There is a lot of competitive life left particularly in PVD coated HSS endmills, drills, threading/tapping tools. PM HSS technology further increases the possibilities.ibilities.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.441-453
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• 2017

In Y-shaped eccentrically braced frame fabricated with high strength steel (Y-HSS-EBF), link uses conventional steel while other structural members use high strength steel. Cyclic test for a 1:2 length scaled one-bay and one-story Y-HSS-EBF specimen and shake table test for a 1:2 length scaled three-story Y-HSS-EBF specimen were carried out to research the seismic performance of Y-HSS-EBF. These include the failure mode, load-bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, dynamic properties, acceleration responses, displacement responses, and dynamic strain responses. The test results indicated that the one-bay and one-story Y-HSS-EBF specimen had good load-bearing capacity and ductility capacity. The three-story specimen cumulative structural damage and deformation increased, while its stiffness decreased. There was no plastic deformation observed in the braces, beams, or columns in the three-story Y-HSS-EBF specimen, and there was no danger of collapse during the seismic loads. The designed shear link dissipated the energy via shear deformation during the seismic loads. When the specimen was fractured, the maximum link plastic rotation angle was higher than 0.08 rad for the shear link in AISC341-10. The Y-HSS-EBF is a safe dual system with reliable hysteretic behaviors and seismic performance.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제17권1호통권74호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 가새 골조에서 사용되는 가새 부재를 보강하여 가새 골조의 이력 거동을 향상시키는 것이다. HSS(Hollow Structural Section) 가새 부재는 국부 좌굴의 발생으로 인하여 인장측 성능에 비해 압축측 성능이 취약한 단점이 있다. 국부 좌굴의 심각성을 감소시키기 위하여 가새 부재에 콘크리트를 충전하는 방법이 사용되었다. Lee and Goel(1987)의 연구 결과에 따르면 콘크리트 충전은 HSS 가새 부재의 국부좌굴의 심각성을 감소시켜 파괴 수명을 증가시켰으나, 가새 부재 중앙부의 국부좌굴을 방지하지 못하여 지속적인 압축 강도의 저감이 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가새 부재의 압축 강도를 증가시키고 중앙부의 국부 좌굴을 방지하기 위하여 콘크리트 충전 HSS 가새 부재의 중앙부를 리브로 보강한 실험체를 제작하여 실험하였다. 이를 위하여 리브 보강길이를 변수로 한 총 4개의 실물 크기의 가새 부재를 제작하였다. 하중은 압축과 인장이 대칭인 하중이력을 사용하였다. 본 실험에서 좌굴 모드, 사이클 최대 압축강도와 에너지 소산능력에서 나타난 리브 보강 가새 부재의 성능은 리브 보강길이에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 63%의 길이로 보강한 실험체가 가장 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.