• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.951-960
• /
• 2007

Window interface to Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (WinHSPF) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was applied to the upstream of Nam-Han river watershed to examine its applicability for loading estimates in watershed scale and to evaluate non-point source control scenarios using BMPRAC in WinHSPF. The WinHSPF model was calibrated and verified for water flow using Ministry of Construction and Transportation (MOCT, 3 stations, 2003~2005) and water qualities using Ministry of Environment (MOE, 5 station, 2000~2006). Water flow and water quality simulation results were also satisfactory over the total simulation period. But outliers were occurred in the time series data of TN and TP at some regions and periods. Therefore, it required more profit calibration process for more various parameters. As a result, all the study was performed within the expectation considering the complexity of the watershed, pollutant sources and land uses intermixed in the watershed. The estimated pollutant load for annual average about $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P respectively. Nonpoint source loading had a great portion of total pollutant loading, about 86.5~95.2%. In WinHSPF, BMPRAC was applied to evaluate non-point source control scenarios (constructed wetland, wet detention ponds and infiltration basins). All the scenarios showed efficiency of non-point source removal. Overall, the HSPF model is adequate for simulating watersheds characteristics, and its application is recommended for watershed management and evaluation of best management practices.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2013

This study is to assess the reduction of non-point source pollution loads for rice straw mulching of upland crop cultivation at a watershed scale. For Byulmi-cheon watershed (1.21 $km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongan-cheon, the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) and SWAT (Soil and Water Assesment Tool), physically based distributed hydrological models were applied. Before evaluation, the model was calibrated and validated using 9 rainfall events. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for streamflow using the HSPF was 0.62~0.76 and the determination coefficient ($R^2$) for water quality (sediment, total nitrogen T-N, and total phosphorus T-P) were 0.72, 0.62, and 0.63 respectively. The NSE for streamflow using the SWAT were 0.43~0.81 and the $R^2$ for water quality (sediment, T-N, and T-P) were 0.54, 0.87, and 0.64 respectively. From the field experiment of 16 rainfall events, the rice straw cover condition reduced surface runoff average 10.0 % compared to normal surface condition. By handling infiltration capacity (INFILT) in HSPF model, the value of 16.0 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10.0 % reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 87.2, 28.5, and 85.1 % respectively. By handling soil hydraulic conductivity (SOL_K) in SWAT model, the value of 111.2 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10.0 point reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 80.0, 83.2, and 78.7 % respectively. The rice straw surface covering was effective for removing surface runoff dependent loads such as sediment and T-P.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.98-108
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality in Hapcheon dam via using the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model and applied livestock reduction scenarios. Hapcheon dam watershed input data for the HSPF model were established using the stream, land use, digital elevation map and meteorological data and others. The HSPF model was calibrated and validated using the observed water quality data from 2000 to 2016. For water quality simulation, we calculated the generated and discharge loads of the population, livestock, industry and land use following the guideline provided by the Ministry of Environment. The pollutant data were obtained from National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). The monthly discharge load were estimated by applying the delivery rate. The calibration and validation results showed that the annual mean BOD had a difference of 0.22 mg/L and an error of ±13 %, T-N had a difference of 0.66 mg/L and an error of ±16 % and T-P had a difference of 0.027 mg/L and an error of ±13 %. In order to evaluate the nonpoint pollutants management effects, we applied livestock reduction scenarios because livestock consists of the largest portion of pollutants. As a result of the 20 % of livestock reduction, BOD, T-N and T-P decreased by 3 %, 1 % and 3 %, respectively. When 40 % of livestock reduction was applied, BOD, T-N and T-P decreased by 5 %, 3 % and 4 %, respectively. Based on the results of this study, effective pollutant management methods can be applied to improve the water quality and achieve the target water quality of Hapcheon dam watershed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2008

An integration study of watershed model(HSPF, Hydological Simulation program-Fortran) and reservoir water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2) was performed for the evaluation of turbid water management in Yongdam reservoir. The watershed model was calibrated and analyzed for flow and suspended solid concentration variation during rainy period, their results were inputted for reservoir water quality model as time-variable water temperature and turbidity. Results of the watershed model showed a good agreement with the field measurements of flow and suspended solid. Also, results of the reservoir water quality model showed a good agreement with the filed measurements of water balance, water temperature and turbidity using linkage of the watershed model results. Integration of watershed and reservoir model is an important in turbid water management because flow and turbidity in stream and high turbidity layer in reservoir could be predicted and analyzed. In this study, the integration of HSPF and CE-QUAL-W2 was applied for the turbid water management in Yongdam reservoir, where it is evaluated to be appliable and important.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.570-581
• /
• 2016

A watershed model was constructed using the Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran to predict the water quality, especially chlorophyll-a concentraion, at major tributaries of the Nakdong River basin, Korea. The BOD export loads for each land use in HSPF model were estimated at $1.47{\sim}8.64kg/km^2/day$; these values were similar to the domestic monitoring export loads. The T-N and T-P export loads were estimated at $0.618{\sim}3.942kg/km^2/day$ and $0.047{\sim}0.246kg/km^2/day$, slightly less than the domestic monitoring data but within the range of foreign literature values. The model was calibrated at major tributaries for a three-year period (2008 to 2010). The deviation values ranged from -31.5~1.6% of chlorophyll-a, -24.0~2.2% of T-N, and -5.7~34.8% of T-P. The root mean square error (RMSE) ranged from 4.3~44.4 ug/L for chlorophyll-a, -0.6~1.5 mg/L for T-N, and 0.04~0.18 mg/L for T-P, which indicates good calibration results. The operational water quality forecasting results for chlorophyll-a presented in this study were in good agreement with measured data and had an accuracy similar with model calibration results.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.695-703
• /
• 2013

Soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio(SDR) were estimated by using HSPF model in 3 tributaries of upper stream of Geum river-basin. Meteorological data and other input data were constructed from 2006 to 2011 year by the HSPF model. Flow and suspended solid results were relatively matched with the measurement data through the calibration and validation of the model. Soil erosion was proportional to the amount of rainfall and the area of watershed based on the results of model calibration and validation. SDR in Moojunamdea stream was the highest and one in Cho stream was the lowest. This was effected by the geographical characteristic. SDR was 17.6% Moojunamdea stream, 9.1% Cho stream and 13.2 % Bocheong stream. As the SDR was effected by watershed area and shape factor in this study area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.403-407
• /
• 2001

For the water quality management of stream and lake, it is important to estimate and control nonpoint source loading to meet the water quality standard. So, integrated watershed management is required. BASINS is a multipurpose environmental analysis system for use by regional, state, and local agencies in performing watershed and water quality based studies. BASINS was developed by the USEPA to facilitate examination of environmental information, to support analysis of environmental systems and to provide a framework for examining management alternatives. BASINS contains HSPF which is one of the watershed runoff model. By using HSPF, nonpoint source loading from upper stream watershed was estimated. As a result, the simulated runoff was in a good agreement with the observed data and indicated reasonable applicability for whole watershed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 2002

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.52 no.5
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2010

Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) coupled with PEST which is optimization program was calibrated and validated at Bochung watershed by using monitoring data of water quantities and nutrient loading. Although the calibrated data were limited, model parameters of each land use type were optimized and coefficient of determinations were ranged from 0.94 to 0.99 for runoff, from 0.89 to 1.00 for TN loading, and from 0.92 to 1.00 for TP loading. The optimized hydrological parameters indicated that the forested land could retain rainfall within soil layer with high soil layer depth and infiltration rate compared with other land use type. Hydrological characteristics of paddy rice field are low infiltration rate and coefficient of roughness. The calibrated parameters related to nutrient loading indicated generation of nutrient pollution from agricultural area including upland and paddy rice field higher than other land use type resulting from fertilizer application. Overall PEST program is useful tool to calibrate HSPF automatically without consuming time and efforts.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.833-842
• /
• 2012

In this study Window interface to Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was applied to the upstream of Namgang watershed to estimate its applicability for estimating Delivery Ratio (DR) of water pollutants for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). BASINS/HSPF which is selected in this study, is found to be appropriate for simulation of daily flow and water quality in target basins. DR was estimated utilizing discharge loads of unobserved sub-basin and delivery load of unobserved locations obtained not by actual evaluation but by simulation through validation and verification. Annual average DR of BOD, TN and TP were 0.97 ~ 1.50, 2.23 ~ 3.21, and 0.81 ~ 1.09 respectively. Net DR of dependent basins excluding influence of upstream basin was 1.50 ~ 1.70, 0.55 ~ 0.69, and 0.24 ~ 0.31, all of which are lower than those of independent basins area. Utilizing the model selected by this research, DR and Net DR of unobserved basins will be estimated, which will help determine priorities in management of basin areas.