• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.596-606
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• 2019

N-acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing (AHL-QS) has been shown to regulate many physiological behaviors in Serratia marcescens MG1. In the current study, the effects of AHL-QS on the biosynthesis of acid and neutral products by S. marcescens MG1 and its isogenic ${\Delta}swrI$ with or without supplementing exogenous N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone ($C_6-HSL$) were systematically investigated. The results showed that swrI disruption resulted in rapid pH drops from 7.0 to 4.8, which could be restored to wild type by supplementing $C_6-HSL$. Furthermore, fermentation product analysis indicated that ${\Delta}swrI$ could lead to obvious accumulation for acidogenesis products such as lactic acid and succinic acid, especially excess acetic acid (2.27 g/l) produced at the early stage of fermentation, whereas solventogenesis products by ${\Delta}swrI$ appeared to noticeably decrease by an approximate 30% for acetoin during 32-48 h and by an approximate 20% for 2,3-butanediol during 24-40 h, when compared to those by wild type. Interestingly, the excess acetic acid produced could be removed in an AHL-QS-independent manner. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of genes responsible for acidogenesis and solventogenesis and showed consistent results with those of product synthesis. Finally, by close examination of promoter regions of the analyzed genes, four putative luxI box-like motifs were found upstream of genes encoding acetyl-CoA synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, ${\alpha}$-acetolactate decarboxylase, and Lys-like regulator. The information from this study provides a novel insight into the roles played by AHL-QS in switching from acidogenesis to solventogenesis in S. marcescens MG1.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.542-549
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• 2022

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are flavonoids mainly found in citrus fruits and have been reported to exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, including anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory actions. To utilize PMFs as functional materials, it is necessary to develop a simple method of obtaining PMFs from citrus tissues containing a large amount of PMFs. It has been reported that Jinkyool (C. sunki Hort ex. Tanaka) peel contained a large amount of PMFs, but there are no studies on PMFs isolated from its leaves. In this study, we established a simple procedure for obtaining the PMF-rich fraction (PRF) from the leaves of Jinkyool and investigated the effects of PRF on lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells. PRF inhibited lipogenesis during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. It decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR𝛾) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBP𝛼), FAS, and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein 2 (aP2). In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, PRF increases the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA)/hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which are key factors involved in lipolysis. Moreover, it increases the phosphorylation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) involved in fatty acid oxidation. These results suggest that PRF from Jinkyool leaves can be used as an anti-obesity agent with the action of inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.331-342
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• 2022

Obesity is one of the metabolic diseases caused by excessive differentiation and accumulation of adipose tissue due to an imbalance between energy intake and consumption. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of SliMax, a natural-derived 6 compounds mixture, by using 3T3-L1 cells. As a result, SliMax showed the inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation through down-regulation of the PPARγ and C/EBPα expression, which are known to regulate the late adipogenesis stage. In the process of lipolysis on differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, SliMax accelerated decomposition of large-sized unilocular lipid droplet into numerous small-sized multilocular lipid droplets through up-regulation of the expression of lipolysis-related proteins ATGL and HSL. Finally, in order to confirm the effect of SliMax on induction of brown adipocyte, the expression of UCP-1 and the amount of mitochondria were confirmed by immunofluorescent staining, and as a result, SliMax increased the expression of UCP-1 and the amount of mitochondria in fat cells. Taken together, those results suggest that SliMax, a naturally-derived mixture, have a potential to be anti-obesity agent through exerting inhibitory effect on the formation of lipid droplet by suppression of adipogenesis and stimulation of lipolysis, and browning effect associated with generation of heat energy and energy consumption.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.730-739
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effects of dietary n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio on growth performance, blood indexes, tissue fatty acid composition and the gene expression in finishing pigs. Methods: Seventy-two crossbred ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire) barrows (68.5±1.8 kg) were fed one of four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 8:1. Results: Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio had quadratic responses but the measurements were increased and then decreased (quadratic, p<0.05). The concentrations of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and interleukin 6 were linearly increased (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, while that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to decrease (p = 0.062), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and leptin concentration were linearly decreased (p<0.05). The concentration of serum adiponectin had a quadratic response but the measurement was decreased and then increased (quadratic, p<0.05). The proportion of C18:3n-3 was linearly decreased (p<0.05) in the longissimus thoracis (LT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) as dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio increasing, while the proportion of C18:2n-6 and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio were linearly increased (p<0.05). In addition, the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase in the LT and SCAT, and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the SCAT had quadratic responses but the measurements were increased and then decreased (quadratic, p<0.05). The expression of HSL in the LT was linearly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. Conclusion: Dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio could regulate lipid and fatty acid metabolism in blood and tissue. Reducing dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (3:1) could appropriately suppress expression of related genes in PPARγ signaling, and result in improved growth performance and n-3 PUFA deposition in muscle and adipose tissue in finishing pigs.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.349-354
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• 2016

The archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P1 carboxylesterase is a thermostable enzyme with a molecular mass of 33.5 kDa belonging to the mammalian hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family. In our previous study, we purified the enzyme and suggested the expected amino acids related to its catalysis by chemical modification and a sequence homology search. For further validating these amino acids in this study, we modified them using site-directed mutagenesis and examined the activity of the mutant enzymes using spectrophotometric analysis and then estimated by homology modeling and fluorescence analysis. As a result, it was identified that Ser151, Asp244, and His274 consist of a catalytic triad, and Gly80, Gly81, and Ala152 compose an oxyanion hole of the enzyme. In addition, it was also determined that the cysteine residues are located near the active site or at the positions inducing any conformational changes of the enzyme by their replacement with serine residues.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a content-based face retrieval system which can retrieve a face based on a facial feature region. Instead of using keyword such as a resident registration number or name for a query, the our system uses a facial image as a visual query. That is, we recognize a face based on a specific feature region including eyes, nose, and mouth. For this, we extract the feature region using the color information based on HSI color model and the edge information from wavelet transformed image, and then recognize the feature region using neural network. The proposed system is implemented on client/server environment based on Oracle DBMS for a large facial image database. In the experiment with 150 various facial images, the proposed method showed about 88.3% recognition rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2003

Green tea have been widely reported as functional foods because of their various bioactivities. In the present study, we used 3T3-Ll cells model of white adipocytes to clarify whether green tea and its main pharmaceutically effective compounds (EGCG, caffeine and theanine) prevent obesity. Cellular viability, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, glycerol release and HSL mRNA levels were checked. Glycerol release into the medium was significantly increased by the cells treated with green tea extract. Glycerol release into the medium was significantly increased by the cells treated with green tea extract. Caffeine and theanine from green tea showed some level of lipolytic activity, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was remarkably decreased by EGCG. These results suggest that green tea has anti-obesity effect through inhibition of adipogenesis and stimulation of lipolysis. Catechins and theanine of green tea might be the factors responsible for the modulation of lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1081-1099
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• 2010

The TVM 430 system manufactured by Ansaldo STS in France is currently used in ground signalling system for Kyungbu HSR. It transmits the speed information to the on-board signalling system in the form of continuous signal via the track, and the rolling stock in Kyungbu HSR runs with 300km/h max. operating speed by using the corresponding information. Looking from the recent international trends in HSR, reducing the travelling time and increasing of the line capacity is promoting via the improvement of train speed. In case of TGV Est, they are realizing the normal operation with 320km/h max. operating speed by using TVM SEI signalling system, which is similar to TVM 430. Furthermore, in case Honam HSL, which is under construction, is looking over faster speed than the limited one of Kyungbu HSR(i.e. over 300km/h). In this paper, it is assumed that the existing TVM 430 ground signalling system is used and train speed is improved, therefore the number of block section to be increased depending on the increase of train speed and the standard speed to be used in this case is drawn via the simulation of the train model and described the method accordingly.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.113-121
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• 2020

Multi-criteria stock selection is a critical issue for effective investment since the improper stock investment might cause many problems affecting investors negatively. Investors need a range of financial indicators while they are choosing the optimal set of stocks to invest. This study aims to rank the stock of agriculture companies indexed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange Market. The data of 13 agriculture companies during the 2016-2019 periods was analyzed by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) integrated with grey relational analysis (GRA), multi-objective optimization ratio analysis (MOORA), and technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The AHP method is employed to determine the weights of the proposed financial ratios, and GRA, TOPSIS, and MOORA approaches are used to obtain final ranking. The results indicated that HSL is the top stock with the highest rank and GRA, MOORA, and TOPSIS rankings have strong correlation values between 0.78-1. The findings suggest that the integrated model could be implemented effectively to specific analysis of industries such as oil and gas, textiles, food, and electronics in future research. Further, other techniques like COPRAS, KEMIRA, and EDAS could be employed to evaluate the financial performance of other companies to solve investment problems.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.76-89
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• 2006

By improving body composition, such as fat, lean body mass and total body weight, an exercise program can be an effective treatment of obesity. The effects of exercise on obesity have been confirmed via various approaches such as type, intensity, duration, frequency, and combination with diet. Combined exercise and diet is the most efficient strategy for weight loss, and exercise alone could improve metabolism irrespective of weight loss. In addition, physical activity, including exercise, is emphasized to avoid a 'yo-yo' phenomenon. Exercise increases lipolysis stimulated by such factors as catecholamine, growth hormone (GH), and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). Moreover, changes in insulin and cortisol through exercise affect adipose tissue, which is known as not only an energy storage locale, but also as an endocrine organ. Adipocytokines secreted by adipose tissue respond to signals that modulate metabolism and inflammation. Exercise has generally shown positive effects on adipocytokines, and these effects increase in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet. However, a long duration and a high intensity of exercise could induce an inflammatory response. This review summarizes the effects of exercise on obesity treatment, which contributes to the exercise and nutritional fields, particularly of community nutritionists. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 76-89, 2006)