• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.395-407
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• 2007

Disinfection by-products(DBPs) are formed through the reaction between chlorine and natural organic matter(NOM) in water treatment. For reducing the formation of chlorinated DBPs in the drinking water treatment, there is a need to evaluate the behavior of NOM fractions and the occurrence of DBPs for each fraction. Among the six fractions of NOM, the removal of HPOA and HPIN got accomplished through coagulation and sedimentation processes. Advanced water treatment processes were found to be most significant to remove the HPOA and HPON. It was found that HPOA made the most THMFP level than any other fractions and HPIA and HPOA formed higher HAAFP. The fraction of NOM with MW less than 1k Da was 32.5~54.3% in intake raw water. Mostly the organic matter with MW more than 1k Da was removed through coagulation and sedimentation in the drinking water treatment processes. In case of advanced water treatment processes, the organic matter with MW 1k~100k Da decreased by means of ozone oxidation for high molecular weight substances. As the result low molecular organic matter increased. In the BAC and GAC processes, the organic matter with MW less than 100k Da decreased.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.33-49
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• 2012

This article uncovers the beginning of the Sudhamma Buddhist order tracing its background history. After ascending the throne, being interested in trying to bring back Buddhism to its ancient strength and prosperity, King Mindon paid fully attention in all the religious affairs like King Asoka. Therefore, the different Sangha associations had emerged in his time. It had grown wider and wider and that brought about many adverse effects. During the time of King Thibaw, to reorganize the Sangha associations, he appointed two Supreme Leaders; one for Sudhamma and one for the Rhwekyan Buddhist Order of Monks. Thus the rise of the term of Sudhamma Buddhist Order of Monks became the most popular among the Theravada Buddhist monks. This article, tracing its history, will answer the question that what about any difference between the Sudhamma Buddhist Order and others especially?