• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.876-886
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• 2023

두경부암(HNC)의 경우, 외과적 개입은 환자의 삶의 질에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 화학요법을 병행하게 된다. 그러나 화학요법에는 현저한 부작용이 있으므로 환자의 고통을 최소화하기 위한 보조 방법의 개발이 필요하다. 천궁(Ligusticum chuanxiong)은 동양 의학에서 뇌혈관 장애 및 두통에 사용되는 천연 허브이다. 본 연구에서는 네트워크 기반 약리학 및 분자 도킹 분석을 통해 천궁의 근본적인 항암기전을 예측하였다. 본 연구에서 HNC와 관련된 천궁의 공통 유전자를 밝혀내어 신경 활성 리간드의 대사 및 신경 전달 물질 경로와의 연관성을 확인했다. 본 연구는 천궁의 성분 중 하나인 (Z)-ligustilide 가 암세포 활성화에 관련된 heat shock protein 90의 ATP 결합 부위를 공유함을 입증했다. 이 결과는 천궁이 보조 항암제 개발을 위한 유망한 후보임을 시사하며, 향 후 더욱 새롭고 안전한 항암제의 연구개발에 과학적 근거를 제시하는 새로운 발견이다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare symptom severity and the impact of presence of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients diagnosed with HNC completed two questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck Cancer (MDASI-HN). Results: Of the total sample, 55.6% reported depressive symptoms and 33% reported anxiety symptoms. Patients who reported either depressive or anxiety symptoms also had significantly more severe symptoms. The most severe symptom was dry mouth. Participants who were depressed reported that interference in the enjoyment of life due to symptoms was the most distressing whereas participants with anxiety reported symptom interference in work was of most concern. Of patients reporting moderate to severe symptoms, more than 60% reported depressive symptoms. Of patients reporting moderate to severe feelings of being distress and feeling sad, more than 70% reported anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Patients with HNC reporting moderate to severe symptoms also report depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. The results suggest the need to develop an integrated nursing intervention of both physical and emotional symptoms for patients with HNC.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.50.2-50.2
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• 2013

In the process of star formation, the density and temperature of associated material, which are the physical conditions for the molecular chemistry, vary dramatically. As a result, the connection between physical and chemical conditions has been used to trace the evolutionary stages in star formation. One chemical tracer for the physical conditions in star forming material is the [HCN]/[HNC] abundance ratio since the ratio strongly depends on the kinetic temperature in molecular clouds. Here we investigate the [HCN]/[HNC] abundance ratios in objects related to the massive star formation. For the investigation, we carried out $H^{13}CN$ and $HN^{13}C$ line observation toward objects in three different evolutionary stages of massive star formation: Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs), High-mass protostellar object (HMPOs), and Ultra-compact HII regions (UCHIIs). According to our observational results, both $H^{13}CN$ and $HN^{13}C$ lines have been detected toward 19 IRDCs, 25 HMPOs, and 31 UCHIIs. We will discuss about the [HCN]/[HNC] abundance ratios in different evolutionary stages of massive star formation and associate the results with the physical conditions of the targets.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2023

This paper presents the development of specialized software for annotating volume-of-interest on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT images with the goal of facilitating the studies and diagnosis of head and neck cancer (HNC). To achieve an efficient annotation process, we employed the SE-Norm-Residual Layer-based U-Net model. This model exhibited outstanding proficiency to segment cancerous regions within ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans of HNC cases. Manual annotation function was also integrated, allowing researchers and clinicians to validate and refine annotations based on dataset characteristics. Workspace has a display with fusion of both PET and CT images, providing enhance user convenience through simultaneous visualization. The performance of deeplearning model was validated using a Hecktor 2021 dataset, and subsequently developed semi-automatic annotation functionalities. We began by performing image preprocessing including resampling, normalization, and co-registration, followed by an evaluation of the deep learning model performance. This model was integrated into the software, serving as an initial automatic segmentation step. Users can manually refine pre-segmented regions to correct false positives and false negatives. Annotation images are subsequently saved along with their corresponding ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT fusion images, enabling their application across various domains. In this study, we developed a semi-automatic annotation software designed for efficiently generating annotated lesion images, with applications in HNC research and diagnosis. The findings indicated that this software surpasses conventional tools, particularly in the context of HNC-specific annotation with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT data. Consequently, developed software offers a robust solution for producing annotated datasets, driving advances in the studies and diagnosis of HNC.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

The aging population, particularly those aged 65 and above, is on the rise, with projections indicating a substantial increase in the elderly demographic. This demographic shift brings challenges in managing age-related diseases, including head and neck cancers (HNCs). Frailty, often characterized by physiological decline and vulnerability to stressors, is a crucial factor affecting treatment outcomes of elderly cancer patients. Accordingly, the significance of assessing frailty in elderly HNC patients before their treatment should be emphasized, but current frailty assessment tools may not fully capture the unique challenges faced by HNC patients. Specific indicators, including respiratory and swallowing functions, are proposed for a more tailored assessment. This comprehensive review explores the impact of frailty on various treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, highlighting the need for personalized interventions. Furthermore, it suggests avenues for future research to enhance frailty assessment tools and investigate interventions aimed at improving treatment outcomes in elderly HNC patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8479-8482
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• 2014

Performance status (PS) is a key factor in the selection of treatment in head and neck cancer patients (HNC). There is a probability in the development of an unfavorable PS with HNC advancing stages. This retrospective study was done on data of patients registered during the period from January 2010 to December 2012 at a cancer registry in the North Eastern India. PS was recorded according to the WHO scale. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the probability of poor performance status with advancing stage. Out of 3,593 patients, there were 78.9% (2,836) males and 21.1% (757) females. Average PS0 was seen in 57.4% of all HNCs, less than 1% of all cases in HNCs with poor PS3-4 except in cases with thyroid, parotid and nose and PNS cancers, 0.7% stage IV (${\pm}M1$) HNC with PS4, favorable PS0-1 was seen in 84% to 100% of cases, RR=57.1 (CI=21.2-154.1) in M1 for PS4 and with advancing stages the probability of worsening of PS0 to PS4 was 3 times (P=0.021, 95% CI= 1.187-8.474). In HNC, the majority of patients presents with a favorable PS0-1 with different odds of worsening of PS with advancing stages and the presence of metastasis in stage IV is significantly associated with a poor PS.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9627-9630
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• 2014

Background: Although efficacy of aprepitant for suppressing emesis associated with single-dose cisplatin has been demonstrated, there are limited data on the antiemetic effect of this oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist during daily administration of cisplatin. Accordingly, we investigated the efficacy and safety of aprepitant in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving combination therapy with cisplatin and 5-FU (FP therapy). Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with HNC were prospectively studied who received a triple antiemetic regimen comprising granisetron ($40{\mu}g/kg$ on Days 1-4), dexamethasone (8 mg on Days 1-4), and aprepitant (125 mg on day 1 and 80mg on days 2-5) with FP therapy (cisplatin $20mg/m^2$ on days 1-4; 5-FU $400mg/m^2$ on days 1-5) (aprepitant group). We also retrospectively studied another 20 HNC patients who received the same regimen except for aprepitant (control group). Results: For efficacy endpoints based on nausea, the aprepitant group showed significantly better results, including a higher rate of complete response (no vomiting and no salvage therapy) for the acute phase (p=0.0342), although there was no marked difference between the two groups with regard to percentage of patients in whom vomiting was suppressed. There were no clinically relevant adverse reactions to aprepitant. Conclusions: This study suggested that a triple antiemetic regimen containing aprepitant is safe and effective for HNC patients receiving daily cisplatin therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2903-2908
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• 2015

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the eighth most common cancer as estimated from worldwide data. The incidence of HNC in Peninsular Malaysia was reported as 8.5 per 100,000 population. This study was aimed to determine the treatment outcomes for HNC patients treated in the Oncology Unit of University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Materials and Methods: All newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) referred for treatment to the Oncology Unit at UMMC from 2003-2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment outcomes were 5-year overall survival (OS), cause specific survival (CSS), loco-regional control (LRC) and radiotherapy (RT) related side effects. Kaplan-Meier and log rank analyses were used to determine survival outcomes, stratified according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. Results: A total of 130 cases were analysed. Most cases (81.5%) were at late stage (AJCC III-IVB) at presentation. The 5-year OS for the whole study population was 34.4% with a median follow up of 24 months. The 5-year OS according to AJCC stage was 100%, 48.2%, 41.4% and 22.0% for stage I, II, III and IVA-B, respectively. The 5-year overall CSS and LCR were 45.4% and 55.4%, respectively. Late effects of RT were documented in 41.4% of patients. The most common late effect was xerostomia. Conclusions: The treatment outcome of HNSCC at our centre is lagging behind those of developed nations. Efforts to increase the number of patients presenting in earlier stages, increase in the use of combined modality treatment, especially concurrent chemoradiotherapy and implementation of intensity modulated radiotherapy, may lead to better outcomes for our HNC patients.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1998

Objectives: Minimal improvement in the long-term survival of head and neck cancer(HNC) patients has occurred despite a multitude of advances in the control of loco regional disease and a second primary malignancy(SPM) contribute to the continued poor prognosis for the HNC patients. This study was performed in order to identify the clinical characteristics of SPM in the HNC patients. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 354 patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that were followed up after initial treatment during the period of 1987 through 1994 were reviewed. This study examines the medical records of 354 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, of whom 26 subsequently developed a second neoplasm. Results: The actuarial SPM rate was 7.3%, and median time to presentation for the SPM was 26.8 months. The SPM were more likely to occur in male patients who had oral cavity index tumors. Patient whose index tumor was small at diagnosis had a greater chance of developing a second tumor as did those with no cervical lymph node metastases to the neck. Initial treatment modality was not associated with an increased risk of developing a second tumor. The commonest sites for the SPM were the lung and other head and neck area. The 3-year survival for patients who developed a secondary tumor from the time of its diagnosis was 27.8%. Conclusion: The SPM in the head and neck cancer patients are not uncommon and early detection of the SPM will contribute to increase the long-term survival of HNC patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Objectives: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is one of the most severe complications resulting from radiotherapy (RT) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). It is characterized by persistent exposed and devitalized bone without proper healing for greater than 6 months after a high dose of radiation in the area. To describe the profile and dental management of ORN in HNC patients undergoing RT in an oncological clinical research center. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed to analyze dental records from HNC patients with ORN treated at an oncological clinical research center from 2013 to 2017. A total of 158 dental records for HNC patients were selected from a total of 583 records. Afterwards, this number was distributed to three examiners for manual assessments. Each examiner was responsible for selecting dental records that contained an ORN description, resulting in 20 dental records. Results: Mean patient age was 60.3 years with males being the most affected sex (80.0%). The most affected area was the posterior region of the mandible (60.0%) followed by the anterior region of the mandible (20.0%) and the posterior region of the maxilla (10.0%). The factors most associated with ORN were dental conditions (70.0%) followed by isolated systemic factors (10.0%) and tumor resection (5.0%). There was total exposed bone closure in 50.0% of cases. The predominant treatment was curettage associated with chlorhexidine 0.12% irrigation (36.0%). Conclusion: Poor dental conditions were related to ORN occurrence. ORN management through less invasive therapies was effective for the closure of exposed bone areas and avoidance of infection.