• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the behaviors associated with discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Indonesia and to determine the factors affecting discrimination. Methods: Secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed using a cross-sectional design. Discrimination was assessed based on the questions (1) "Should children infected with HIV/AIDS be allowed to attend school with non-infected children?" and (2) "Would you buy fresh vegetables from a farmer or shopkeeper known to be infected with HIV/AIDS?" Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the factors affecting discrimination, with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) used to show the strength, direction, and significance of the associations among factors. Results: In total, 68.9% of 21 838 individuals showed discrimination towards PLHA. The odds of discrimination were lower among women (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.71), rural dwellers (aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89), those who understood how HIV is transmitted from mother to child (aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.89), and those who felt ashamed of their own family's HIV status (aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.61). The odds were higher among individuals who knew how to reduce the risk of getting HIV/AIDS (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.39), how HIV/AIDS is transmitted (aOR, 3.49; 95% CI, 3.09 to 3.95), and were willing to care for an infected relative (aOR, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.47 to 3.13). A model consisting of those variables explained 69% of the variance in discrimination. Conclusions: Gender, residence, knowledge, and attitudes related to HIV/AIDS were explanatory factors for discrimination against PLHA. Improvements in HIV/AIDS education programs are needed to prevent discrimination.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2016

Toxoplasmosis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, occurs throughout the world. Human T. gondii infection is asymptomatic in 80% of the population; however, the infection is life-threatening and causes substantial neurologic damage in immunocompromised patients such as HIV-infected persons. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in subjects infected with HIV/AIDS in eastern China. Our findings showed 9.7% prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS patients, which was higher than in intravenous drug users (2.2%) and healthy controls (4.7%), while no significant difference was observed in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody among all participants (P>0.05). Among all HIV/AIDS patients, 15 men (7.7%) and 10 women (15.9%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody; however, no significant difference was detected in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody between males and females. The frequency of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody was 8.0%, 13.2%, 5.5%, and 0% in patients with normal immune function ($CD4^+$ T-lymphocyte count ${\geq}500cells/ml$), immunocompromised patients (cell count ${\geq}200$ and <500 cells/ml), severely immunocompromised patients (cell count ${\geq}50$ and <200 cells/ml), and advanced AIDS patients, respectively (cell count <50 cells/ml), while only 3 immunocompromised patients were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibody. The results indicate a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in HIV/AIDS patients in eastern China, and a preventive therapy for toxoplasmosis may be given to HIV/AIDS patients based on $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte count.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-77
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess medical professionals' knowledge and attitude about AIDS. The subjects of study were medical doctors and dentists, belonging to Korea Association of Public Health Doctors. We sent a e-mailed questionnaire to 3,059 members and received 407 replies. Questionnaire was made on the basis of former studies' results and interviews with infected people. Major findings of this study were as follow. A lot of medical professionals had incorrect and biased knowledge about AIDS. More than half of them overestimated infection probability in case of being prickled with a contaminated needle. And many has negative attitude. The more they had correct informations about AIDS, the more they had possibilities to have friendly attitude to infected people. Incorrect knowledge cause excessive fears about AIDS, which amplify the stigma and discrimination. They contribute to people's vulnerability not only to HIV infection but also to other threats to health and well-being. It is in need of medical professionals' effort to increase their knowledge and improve attitude about AIDS.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.105-122
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• 2009

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes (discrimination towards HIV/AIDS and lives with HIV infected persons) and HIV/AIDS related sexual behaviors among middle school and high school students in Seoul, Korea. Methods: The population of this study was junior and senior high school students in Seoul, Korea. Eight junior high schools and eight senior high schools were randomly selected from Seoul City. Two thousand nine hundred and ninety-six responses from the sixteen schools were analyzed (fifty-nine were excluded). A self-administered questionnaire measuring socio-demographic variables, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, as well as discriminatory attitudes of HIV/AIDS was utilized. Results: The level of HIV/AIDS knowledge was low and the levels of discriminatory attitudes were high. The results indicated that students had considerable misconceptions about HIV transmission as well as stigmatizing attitudes towards HIV-infected people and their lives. The proportions of sexual intercourse were 1.3 % for middle school students and 7.7% for high school students. Only 30.7% of current sexually active subjects were to use condoms at the last step of sexual intercourse. The HIV/AIDS related risk-taking behavior were predicted by gender, school types, parents' marital status, reported academic performances, and attitudes towards to homosexuals. Conclusions: It is important to design HIV prevention strategies that improve in the knowledge of HIV transmission for adolescents in Korea.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2017

본 논문은 성매매 금지법 이후 우후죽순으로 생겨난 기형적 유흥업소와 HIV/AIDS의 상관관계를 파악하기 위하여 인구밀도 대비 유흥업소의 수와, 감염자의 수치를 R 프로그램을 사용하여 시각화 하고, 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지 알아보도록 한다. 또한 상관관계를 통하여 어떠한 예상치 못한 변수가 작용하였고, 외부 요인으로 인하여 유흥업소 주변에 HIV/AIDS감염자들의 수치가 높은지에 대해 원인을 파악해 보도록 한다. 그리고 건전한 사회를 만들어가기 위하여 R을 통한 빅데이터 분석으로 우리가 지향해야할 목표와 자세에 대해 알아보도록 하고, 추후 더욱 연구가 필요한 부분에 관하여 논하기로 한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.47-73
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• 2006

Objectives: This study aims to identify gaps between knowledge regarding migration and the spread of HIV/AIDS, to improve understanding of migrants with HIV/AIDS and their human rights, and to make suggestions for Korean policy makers to reform laws and policies towards granting migrants with HIV/AIDS more human rights and access to treatment and care. Methods: This study is based on an extensive literature review, questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews from randomly selected 8 countries from 5 different continents: Japan from Asia; Australia from Oceania; Finland, Germany, Ireland and United Kingdom(UK) from Europe; and Canada and United States of America(USA) in North America. Results: This study has found that Korea has a discriminating policy regarding HIV/AIDS and foreigners. Classifying HIV/AIDS into a legal communicable disease, it requires a presentation of HIV/AIDS test results from foreigners wanting a long-term stay before entering. In principle, foreigners with HIV/AIDS cannot either enter or stay in Korea. If they are known infected with HIV/AIDS by any reason, they became to face an immediate deportation regardless of their sojourn statuses and purposes. Conclusion: With the results, this study suggests three reasons why Korean government needs to change the current HIV/AIDS policy on foreigners: 1) HIV-related travel restrictions have no public health justification, 2) its strict HIV/AIDS policy on foreigners could result in restriction on the mobility and migration of its people by the other countries, inversely, and 3) it needs to meet international guidelines and to observe conventions that international organizations suggest to maintain its status as a member of the international society.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1905-1911
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• 2010

본 연구는 일개 대학 치위생과 학생들의 후천성 면역결핍증(에이즈)에 대한 지식 및 태도를 알아 보기위해 수행되었다. 265명의 치위생과 학생들을 대상으로 자기 기입식 설문조사를 시행하였다. 전체 문항을 바르게 인지하는 경우를 100점으로 하였을 때 전체 대상자의 에이즈에 대한 지식도는 $76.4({\pm}13.4)$점이었다. 과반수 이상에서 에이즈에 대한 두려움을 나타내었고, 대다수의 응답자가 에이즈 환자를 꺼렸다. 대부분이 만약 에이즈 환자를 치료해야 한다면 굉장히 두려움을 느낄 것이라고 응답하였다. 결론적으로 치위생과 학생들은 에이즈에 대한 지속적인 교육이 필요하다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.125-147
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• 1997

This study was conducted in order to identify the extent to which Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs explain the likelihood of taking preventive behaviors for AIDS among the young adolescents in Korea. HBM was applied as the theoretical framework for developing questionnaire items in this study. The survey instrument included all of the constructs of Health Belief Model, namely, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cue to actions for preventive behaviors concerning AIDS. Additionally, demographic characteristics of the respondents, their sexual experiences, and AIDS Knowledge Test were included in the study. Each of HBM constructs were developed with a 5-point Likert type scale from l(never agree) to 5 (absolutely agree). The survey was conducted with a total of 247 military men in a city on September 18, 1996, using self-reported questionnaire. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1. Because the subjects for this study were military soldiers, their demographic characteristics were limited to all men, young age, and ummarried. Educational status was evenly distributed between high school graduates and university students. 2. On the average, the respondents started their first sexual relationship at 18 years old and 82.6% of them did not use condom when having their first sexual experience. Thirty-one percent of the subjects had sexual contact with prostitutes and the average number of sexual contact with prostitutes was 5 times during the past 2 years. 3. The results of AIDS Knowledge Test scores demonstrated that the respondents had a high level of knowledge about AIDS. However, some misconceptions about transmission of AIDS through casual contact were still prevailed. Sixty-six percent of the respondents expressed that people infected with HIV should be isolated from the society in order to protect the general public. 4. All the respondents expressed that they had heard about AIDS before. TV was found to be the source which provided information on AIDS most frequently. 5. Among fundamental constructs of Health Belief Model, scores of perceived benefit of taking preventive action against AIDS marked the highest score, while scores of perceived susceptibility were the lowest. As a result of Multiple Stepwise Regression analysis, 13 variable groups were found to predict the preventive action by 25%. Among them, only perceived benefit variables was the most significant factor to explain preventive behaviors by 17%.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제46호
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• pp.171-187
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• 2016

인신매매는 오늘날 지구촌에서 급속히 발전하는 지하산업이자 범죄 행위이다. 세계 일부 기업들의 해외 법인은 종종 이러한 성매매 산업에 참여하여 인신매매에 필요한 비용을 지불하는 등 범죄조직의 운영 및 수익에 관여할 뿐만 아니라 지하경제의 투자자금 생성에 깊은 관련이 있다. 이는 불법적 경제의 조성에 인신매매를 통한 성매매가 심각한 위험이라는 것을 반증한다. 또한 전 세계 윤락녀의 56% 정도가 HIV 혹은 AIDS를 가지고 있으며 성매매는 AIDS 감염의 원인이 되고 있는 등 수많은 사람들이 성매매 산업과 접촉하면서 매일 HIV와 다른 질병에 감염되어 확산되고 있어 성매매를 위한 인신매매가 가져오는 보건의 문제 역시 심각한 문제로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 성매매를 위한 인신매매가 내포하고 있는 심각한 문제는 다양하지만, 일부 국가에서 보이는 바와 같이 정부와 정책 결정자들에게 성매매는 관심 밖의 문제로 외면당하고 학문적 논의에서도 미진한 부분이 되고 있다. 따라서 성매매를 위한 인신매매와 관련된 경제적인 파장과 보건 및 질병에 관한 연구가 매우 필요하다. 이에 따라 이 연구는 성매매를 위한 인신매매와 관련된 선행연구들을 분석하고, 네팔에서의 성매매의 실상을 파악하기 위한 인신매매에 대한 사례분석을 제시하고자 한다. 그리고 이 연구의 결론과 논의부분에서는 세계 여러 나라는 성 매매 산업을 감축하기 위한 정책과 국제사회의 공조가 필요한 부분 등의 정책적 부분에 대한 내용을 논의하고 있다.

• 적정기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2021

AIDS 환자는 전 세계에 4,000만 명인 것으로 추산되며, 주로 개발도상국에서 대부분의 환자가 발생하고 있다. AIDS의 원인 바이러스인 HIV는 혈중의 CD4+ T 세포에 감염되어 수개월 내지 10년 간의 잠복기간을 거치면서 CD4+ T 세포를 점점 파괴하여 환자의 면역기능을 저하시킨다. 이렇게 면역력이 약화된 AIDS 환자는 다양한 병증에 의해 사망에 이르게 된다. 현재의 CD4+ T 세포 수를 계측하는 방법은 통상 유세포분석(flow cytometry) 방법에 의해 시행되고 있다. 유세포분석 방법은 정확도가 높다는 장점이 있으나 숙련된 전문 인력이 필요하고 장비가 고가이기때문에 개발도상국에서는 이용하기 어렵다. 본 연구결과로 마이크로 여과기를 통해 소량인 5 ㎕ 혈액으로부터 백혈구를 포획하고 포획된 세포에서 CD4+ T 세포 및 CD8+ T 세포를 분석하여 AIDS를 검사하는 장비를 개발하였다. 현재의 검사 장비보다 저렴하고 고도의 기술이 필요하지 않으며 휴대가 간편한 획기적인 AIDS 검사 장비임을 시사한다.