• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2009

Recently, NAND flash memory is used not only for portable devices, but also for personal computers and server computers. Buffer cache replacement policies for the hard disks such as LRU and LFU are not good for NAND flash memories because they do not consider about the characteristics of NAND flash memory. CFLRU and its variants, CFLRU/C, CFLRU/E and DL-CFLRU/E(CFLRUs) are the buffer cache replacement policies considered about the characteristics of NAND flash memories, but their performances are not better than those of LRD. In this paper, we propose a new buffer cache replacement policy for NAND flash memory. Which is based on LFU and is taking into account the characteristics of NAND flash memory. And we estimate the performance of hit ratio and flush operation numbers. The proposed policy shows better hit ratio and the number of flush operation than any other policies.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 1995

The study was performed to study the effects of strain rate on acoustics emission( AE) during bulging test in corrosive environmentsynthetic sea water. The strain rates used were in the range $4 \times 10^{-6}S^{-1}$ to $1 \times 10^{-4} \times S^{-1}$ and the parameters used to evaluate AE signal characteristics were AE hit and amplitude. It can be observed that the cumulative AE hit and average amplitude during fracture process increase highly at decreasing strain rates while the equivalent fracture strain and the crack length of circumferencial direction become decrease. The peak point of AE signal characteristic parameters approach to the first half of test. When the average amplitude per unit equivalent fracture strain was above 20dB, it was definitly observed stress corrosion cracking phenomena. Additional, we knew that the AE test had the possibility to evaluate SCC susceptibility with various strain rates.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2004

Sopungsungi-won has been used as a traditional medicine for diabetes and it has been proved to be a potential remedy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We previously reported that water extract of Sopungsungi-won exhibits anti-diabetic effects both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the present study, we have chosen to examined anti-apoptotic effect of Rheum undulatum, which is the main component of Sopungsungi-won, on pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$, HIT-T15, against hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$. oxidative stress. To investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of Rheum undulatum water extract (RUWE) against $H_2O_2-induced$ apoptosis in pancreatic ${\beta}-cell$ line of hamster, HIT-T15, MTT assay, DAPI staining, TUNEL assay, RT-PCR and caspase-3 enzyme assay were performed. The morphological analysis demonstrated that cells treated with $H_2O_2$ exhibited classical apoptotic features, while such changes was reduced in cells pre-treated with RUWE. In addition, RUWE pre-treated cells prior to $H_2O_2$ treatment induced increase of levels of bcl-2 expression and decrease of caspase-3 enzyme activity compared to cells treated with $H_2O_2$ only. These results provide the possibility of usage of RU in patients with progressively deteriorated diabetes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2019

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein (HINT) is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily, which has hydrolase activity owing to a histidine triad motif. The HIT superfamily can be divided to five classes with functions in galactose metabolism, DNA repair, and tumor suppression. HINTs are highly conserved from archaea to humans and function as tumor suppressors, translation regulators, and neuropathy inhibitors. Although the structures of HINT proteins from various species have been reported, limited structural information is available for fungal species. Here, to elucidate the structural features and functional diversity of HINTs, we determined the crystal structure of HINT from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (CaHINT) in complex with zinc ions at a resolution of $2.5{\AA}$. Based on structural comparisons, the monomer of CaHINT overlaid best with HINT protein from the protozoal species Leishmania major. Additionally, structural comparisons with human HINT revealed an additional helix at the C-terminus of CaHINT. Interestingly, the extended C-terminal helix interacted with the N-terminal loop (${\alpha}1-{\beta}1$) and with the ${\alpha}3$ helix, which appeared to stabilize the dimerization of CaHINT. In the C-terminal region, structural and sequence comparisons showed strong relationships among 19 diverse species from archea to humans, suggesting early separation in the course of evolution. Further studies are required to address the functional significance of variations in the C-terminal region. This structural analysis of CaHINT provided important insights into the molecular aspects of evolution within the HIT superfamily.

• Composites Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.45-51
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• 2009

The marginal integrity at the composite resin-tooth interface has been analyzed in real time through acoustic emission (AE) monitoring during the polymerization shrinkage of composite resin subjected to the light exposure. It was found that AE signals were generated by the polymerization shrinkage. Most AE hit events showed a blast type signal having the principal frequency band of 100-200kHz. Bad bonding states were indicated by many hit events in the initial curing period of 1 minute with high contraction rate. The quantity of hit events for the human molar dentin specimen was much less than that for the steel ring specimen but more than that for the PMMA ring specimen. The better the bonding state, the less the AE hit events. The AE characteristics were related with the tensile crack propagation occurring in the adhesive region between the composite resin and the ring substrate as well as the compressive behavior of the ring substrate, which could be used for a nondestructive characterization of the marginal disintegrative fracture of the dental restoration.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2024

Background: Migraine is a common disabling headache that affects every aspect of a person's life. Auricular acupuncture is a cost-effective treatment modality for the management of painful neurological conditions. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of a combination of ear points in the management of migraines. However, no studies have evaluated the efficacy of a single auricular point (i.e., sympathetic point) in migraine. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of sympathetic points on pain intensity and depression levels in patients with migraine. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 100 patients with migraine aged 18-45 years were randomly divided into either an auricular acupuncture group (AAG) (n = 50) or a placebo control group (PCG) (n = 50). The AAG underwent needling at the sympathetic point (an auricular acupuncture point), whereas the PCG underwent needling at a non-acupuncture point for 20 minutes daily for 7 days. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention using a 6-item headache impact test (HIT-6) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16. Results: In within-group analysis, the AAG showed a significant reduction in HIT-6 and BDI, whereas the PCG showed a significant increase in HIT-6 and a significant reduction in BDI. In between-groups analyses, HIT-6 reduced significantly in the AAG compared with that in the PCG, whereas BDI reduced significantly in the PCG compared with that in the AAG. Conclusion: In patients with migraine, needling at the sympathetic point produces a greater reduction in the pain intensity level and lesser reduction in the depression level compared to needling at a non-acupuncture point.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1997

In this paper we suggest a development of surface defect inspection algorithms for cold mill strip. The defects which exist in a surface of cold mill strip have a scattering or singular distribution. This paper consists of preprocessing, feature extraction and defect classification. By preprocessing, the binarized defect image is achieved. In this procedure, Top-hit transform, adaptive thresholding, thinning and noise rejection are used. Especially, Top-hit transform using local min/max operation diminishes the effect of bad lighting. In feature extraction, geometric, moment and co-occurrence matrix features are calculated. For the defect classification, multilayer neural network is used. The proposed algorithm showed 15% error rate.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1084-1089
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• 2004

This paper describes the improvement of web cache server by scoping in replacement algorithm of data which are collected from the clients. We have found that each replacement algorithm is suitable for each type of data in the web pages. Therefore, we introduce the mechanism to select the replacement algorithm depending on the size of data called the Replacement Algorithm Selection Mechanism (RASM). RASM allows the web cache server to have the suitable replacement algorithm for each type of data. As the result, the byte hit ratio of web cache server can be increased and the congestion in the network can be alleviated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.296-296
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• 2016

ITO films doped with a small amount of high-permittivity materials not only retain the basic properties of ITO films but also improve some of their properties. We report the highly conductive and transparent (ITO:Zr) films with various substrate (RT to 300oC) temperatures on glass substrate for the HIT solar cell applications. We observed a decrease in sheet resistance from 36 to $11.8{\Omega}/{\Box}$ with the increasing substrate temperature from RT to 300oC, respectively. The ITO:Zr films showed also lowest resistivity of $1.38{\times}10-4{\Omega}.cm$ and high mobility of 42.37cm-3, respectively. The surface and grain boundaries are improved with the increase of substrate temperature as shown by SEM and AFM surface morphologies. The highly conductive and transparent ITO:Zr films were employed as front electrode in HIT solar cell and the best performance of device was found to be Voc = 710 mV, Jsc = 33.70 mA/cm2, FF = 0.742, ${\eta}=17.76%$ at the substrate temperature of $200^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of air-pressure cervical traction on the tension headache in the adults. Method : All subjects were treated with air-pressure cervical traction while 15 minutes a day, 3 times per week, for 4 weeks. The effects of air-pressure cervical traction were evaluated by HIT-6(headache impact test), VAS, and flexion, extension, left right flexion, left right rotation of cervical ROM. The measured data were analyzed by using repeated ANOVA. Especially in order to investigate the effect of air-pressure cervical traction. The comparison with among three measurement time. Results : The results of this study were as follows; 1) Prior and two weeks measurement did not show significant differences. The head forward posture than before the experiment, each experimental group was significantly increased(p<.05). 2) Prior and two weeks measurement did not show significant differences. The experimental group than ever cervical ROM of the movable range increased significantly(p<.05). 3) The experimental group was significantly lower than before the VAS(p<.05). 4) HIT score of the experimental group was significantly lower than before(p<.05). Conclusion : These findings suggest that air-pressure cervical traction had effect on the tension headache in the adults.