• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study concerns the wheelchair-based rehabilitation of elderly people, investigating muscle activity and coordination of upper limbs during wheelchair-based new millennium health gymnastics with varying elbow exercise velocity. METHODS: Twelve elderly people participated in new millennium gymnastics twice per week during 12-weeks. The group was separated into 0.4, 1.0, and 1.6 Hz groups (controlled by the metronome speed). Range of motion was measured by electrogoniometer, electromyography signals used root mean square values. The data application was normalized using reference voluntary contraction (%RVC). Upper limb (wrist and elbow joint) data gathered while standing up after the "falling on hips" was investigated in terms of coordination of angle-angle plots. One-way ANOVA, paired t-test and Scheffe's post hoc comparisons, were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: There were results taken before and after the experiments. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the triceps brachii and flexor carpi radialis of the 0.4 Hz group (p<.05). There was significant difference in the triceps brachi of the 1 Hz group. No significant differences were found in all muscles of the 1.6 Hz group. Muscle co-activation indexes of the 0.4 Hz group were larger than the others. The 0.4 Hz graph was turning point synchronized clockwise. The 1 Hz graph was out of phase with the negative slope. The 1.6 Hz graph was turning point synchronized counterclockwise, and uncontrolled factor phase was offset on angle-angle plots. CONCLUSION: It is found that improvement of muscle activity and upper limbs coordination of elderly people using wheelchair-based new millennium gymnastics is optimal with elbow exercise velocity with a frequency of 0.4 Hz.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.325-333
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the weight concerns of female university students living in Jeonju, as well as their control on behavior. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 285 students. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS v. 11.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: The average weight, height, and BMI of the subjects were 21.43 kg, 161.93 cm, and 19.8, respectively. With regard to body image, most were dissatisfied with their figures, especially the hips and thighs. About 42% of the students estimated their figures as 'slightly fat', while 5.4% stated 'very fat', even though their BMI classified as 'normal'. Four percent of the underweight students described themselves as being 'fatty'. Approximately 93% of the students had strongly pursued weight control, and 45.3% reported wanting to lose about $2{\sim}5$ kg. Almost 73% of the respondents had weight loss experience. The primary reason for weight control was to improve self-confidence. Only 19.6% had succeeded in losing weight, while nearly 48% had stopped dieting. To reduce weight, about two thirds of the students ate less(e.g. no snacks, no sweets). Fifty percent tried to reduce weight by more physical activity(e.g. sports). Television(50.9%), friends(48.4%), and newspapers/magazines(40.4%) were essential sources of pertinent information. In conclusion, the results show that female students in Jeonju have a great interest in weight reduction. Thus, the majority are willing to try several methods for weight reduction, which however, are not promising and not based on a lasting nutritional change. Therefore, it's necessary to increase cooperation among those concerned(e.g. dietitians, teachers, parents, media) and to develop weight-control programs that take into consideration lifestyle and daily habits, as well as combine physical activity, nutrition, and behavioral and personality training.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2002

Background & Methods: In order to study the effect of electro-lipolysis-acupuncture, 57 outpatients who have had herbal medication in Kirin Oriental Hospital were devided to two groups; acupuncture-treated group(46) vs non-acupuncture-treated group(11) Acupuncture-treated group was given electro-lipolysis-acupuncture at least two times a week and administered with herbal diet medication, whereas non-acupuncture-treated group was administered only with herbal diet medication. Results: Mean age, body weight and BMI of these two group at the start point of the treatment were $27.22({\pm}7.64)\;vs \;29.09({\pm}8.73),\;67.76({\pm}9.34)\;vs\;67.00({\pm}10.69),\;and\;26.20({\pm}3.02)\;vs\;26.14({\pm}4.10)$ in the order of acupuncture-treated and non-acupuncture groups. After one month of treatment, change rate of body weight, BMI, total fat, percentage of fat was significantly higher in acupuncture-treated group. Also the change rate of arm circumference, hip circumference and thigh circumference was significantly higher in acupuncture-treated group. The change rate of abdominal circumference and WHR of acupuncture-treated group was higher than that of non-acupuncture-treated group with no statistical significance. The circumference reduction rate according to herbal dieting program was higher in this order, abdomen, arms, chest, thighs and hips. On the other hand, chest circumference change rate over weight loss rate, which is the portion no acupuncture treatment was given to, and AMC change rate was higher in non-acupuncture-treated group. Conclusion: These results imply that herbal dieting program combined with electro-lipolysis-acupuncture is more effective on reducing body fat, size reduction of localized obesity and preservation of muscle than herbal prescription only dieting program.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in body composition, upper and lower limb muscle strength, and functional physical ability in urban-dwelling elderly women with or without obesity. Methods: All study participants were assigned to the normal weight group (n=8, BMI<25) and the obesity group (n=7, BMI>25) based on their obesity rate. Anthropometric measurement was conducted and body composition was measured. For the upper and lower limb strength, grip strength and maximal isometric knee extension and flexion were evaluated by a dynamometer. The senior fitness test was performed to measure functional ability. Data analysis was conducted by the independent t-test and the alpha level was set at 0.05. Results: The waist, hips, and thighs of obese elderly women were thicker than those of normal-weight elderly women. This physical difference resulted from body fat mass, not muscle mass. Despite a similar level of limb muscle mass between the two groups, the upper limb grip strength was higher (24.00% for left, 19.95% for right) in the normal-weight women than the obese women (p<0.05), but otherwise there was no difference in maximal knee flexion or extension isometric strength. Functional physical ability showed no difference in a 30-second chair sit and stand test and a six-minute walk test, but a 30-second arm-curl (11.00% for left, 14.81% for right), back stretch (8.54cm for left, 8.99cm for right), chair sit and reach (9.22cm for left, 6.24cm for right), and 2.44 meter round trip walk (0.62 sec, 9.39%) were faster in performance for normal-weight elderly women than obese elderly women (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, despite similar levels of upper and lower extremity muscle mass, normal-weight elderly women showed higher performance in upper limb strength, flexibility, and agility than obese elderly women, but there was no difference in lower extremity functional muscle strength and cardiopulmonary endurance.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.872-883
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• 2018

Objective To replace camera-based three-dimensional motion analyzers which are widely used to analyze body movements and gait but are also costly and require a large dedicated space, this study evaluates the validity and reliability of inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based systems by analyzing their spatio-temporal and kinematic measurement parameters. Methods The investigation was conducted in three separate hospitals with three healthy participants. IMUs were attached to the abdomen as well as the thigh, shank, and foot of both legs of each participant. Each participant then completed a 10-m gait course 10 times. During each gait cycle, the hips, knees, and ankle joints were observed from the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. The experiments were conducted with both a camera-based system and an IMU-based system. The measured gait analysis data were evaluated for validity and reliability using root mean square error (RMSE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses. Results The differences between the RMSE values of the two systems determined through kinematic parameters ranged from a minimum of 1.83 to a maximum of 3.98 with a tolerance close to 1%. The results of this study also confirmed the reliability of the IMU-based system, and all of the variables showed a statistically high ICC. Conclusion These results confirmed that IMU-based systems can reliably replace camera-based systems for clinical body motion and gait analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.402-409
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• 2019

Patients with dementia or elderly patients who can not move at all by themselves are at a high risk of falls and bedsore due to lack of caregivers. In this paper, to solve this problem, we propose an algorithm to determine the patient's lying postures by discriminating the main body parts such as head, shoulders, and hips based on the pressure intensity sensed at regular intervals. A smart mat with a lattice structure in which a pressure sensor is arranged so that the body part can be discriminated irrespective of the physical characteristics has been implemented. It consists of two modules of $7{\times}7$ array size. Each module consists of 49 FSR-406 sensors and independently senses pressure. For each module, the body part corresponding to the upper body or the lower body is sequentially discriminated by using a pressure distribution such as a cumulative pressure sum using a filter. The proposed algorithm can identify five lying positions by examining the inclusion relationship between body parts belonging to layer-1 such as head, shoulder, and hip area.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.137-144
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of a prototype of a garment that allows middle aged men to look idealized by examining the type of perception of middle aged men based on their subjective evaluation and their characteristics. This study used the Q methodology, which is a subjective research method that finds correlations among middle aged men across subjective attributes. The types of perception of body shape of middle aged men were analyzed as three types: leaning forward shape with bird legs, developed upper body shape with thick legs, protruding abdomen obesity body shape. The leaning forward shape with bird legs was recognized as the lowest in the BMI index, and the shoulder and chest were sagging, legs were thinner than the body and leaned forward. And that the hip were protruding and had a flat rectangular shape. Developed upper body shape with thick legs was the second overweight type of BMI index. It was recognized that the ankle and calf thighs were thick and the upper abdomen protruded upper body development body. Protruding abdomen obesity body shape was the most obese type with BMI index. In this type, the height was the smallest, and the upper abdomen came out and the abdomen protruded, and the abdomen was more exuded than the chest, and the neck was thick and the hips were recognized as the big body. The middle aged men's recognitive body shape was classified as a similar to actual body shape. However, in the recognition type, the frontal and side body types were mixed and classified. It is necessary to study the ergonomic pattern considering the features of each body type. This suggests that psychological effects can be obtained that allow the body shape that changes with age to be accepted more positively.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of the augmented reality (AR)-based knee joint short period exercise program and used a motion analyzer with a 3D camera to determine the range of motion and dynamic balance and further investigate the effects of therapeutic exercise on patients. Methods: This study used AR-based motion analysis and a Y-balance test to measure the range of motion (ROM) of each joint: the hip joint and the knee joint. After the measurements, an exercise program was applied to the subjects, using the knee motion program function, and the muscles of the quadriceps femoris and the hamstring were stretched or strengthened. Results: Our results showed knee joint extension at the dominant hip joint flexion position. While there was no significant difference (p>.05) at this position, there were significant differences in the non-dominant hips, unbalanced knee joint flexion, and superior knee joint flexion (p<.05). The Y-balance test using the non-dominant leg supported by the dominant legs showed that the absolute reach was $69.70{\pm}7.06cm$ before the exercise, and the absolute reach after the exercise was $77.56{\pm}6.09cm$ (p<.05). Conclusions: There was a significant difference when the movement of the lower limbs supported the superior limbs, and a significant difference was found in the ROM when the non-dominant side supported the dominant side. Therefore, the AR-based exercise program improves the balance of the human body and the range of motion of the joints, and research that aims to improve patients abilities should continue.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.359-365
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• 2020

Developmental dysplasia of the hip broadly includes inadequate development of the hip joint involving the acetabulum or proximal femur, or both. Although ultrasonographic studies in neonates have greatly lowered the frequency of neglected or operatively treated cases, its sensitivity is less than desired. Hip dysplasia without subluxation is commonly diagnosed incidentally and strongly related to degenerative arthritis in females after the 4th decade. Hip dysplasia with subluxation shows symptoms through various periods, depending on its severity, especially for women with onset during pregnancy. A complete physical examination and early treatment for neonates are extremely important for obtaining satisfactory outcomes. To avoid underdiagnosis and to serve appropriate treatment on time, the authors recommend examining any suspicious hips in infants under two years of age. The study will discuss the diagnosis and primary treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.273-287
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• 2022

(K)Hanbok, which is Korea's traditional clothing, differs from the Chinese Hanfu or Japanese Kimono. This study aims to understand the fundamental differences between (K)Hanbok and Hanfu. The Goryeo Dynasty (K)Hanbok, which was particularly popular in China, was established because the Ming Dynasty Hanfu and Chinese fashion were considerably influenced by the 'Koryo Yang'. Firstly, while (K)Hanbok is bulky, Hanfu of the Han Dynasty is characterized by forming a slim silhouette. Due to the climate of the Northern Hemisphere, (K)Hanbok shows a rich silhouette comprising multiple layers of inner pants and a pleated skirt over a voluminous underskirt. On the other hand, the Han's Hanfu creates a straight silhouette in the form of a wrap, revealing the contours of the body. The pleated skirt of the (K)Hanbok can use six to twelve width fabrics, depending on the social position; however, the Hanfu of the Han is a skirt without any pleats. Secondly, the clothing patterns, which have various shapes, are totally different in how they are made and sewn. The Korean (K)Hanbok is a two-piece separate, whereas the Chinese Hanfu style is a one-piece with a skirt. The short length of the (K)Hanbok jacket has a Sup which is cut and pasted allowing the front closure to overlap. Nevertheless, the Hanfu of the Han does not have this Sup because it is of a wrap-around, one-piece style and has an exceptionally large front, and wraps around at the waist which extends to the sides. Thirdly, the (K)Hanbok jacket has separate string Gorums for fastening, and an additional belt around the waist; however, in the case of Gorum, it is unnecessary for a wrapping style of Hanfu. Fourthly, Koreans as an agricultural horse-riding people, basically wore the trousers attached a comfortable gusset, while the Chinese Hanfu had no pants, but the Chinese wore Gaedanggo pants which exposed the hips, inevitably during the Warring States period.