• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2005

The etiologic agents of haemorragic fever with ranal syndrom (HFRS) in Korea are Hantaan and Seoul virus in the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. In order to elucidate the role of maternal immunity to Hantavirus infection in rats, the protective effect of the maternal antibody were studies by using rats experimentally infected with Seoul virus strain HR80-39. Antibody titers of sera and viral antigen against Seoul virus were investigated by indirect immunofluorscence antibody technique (IFA). The dam sera had IFA antibody titers ranging from 1:128 to 1:1,024 after parturition. In fetuses, IFA antibody titers ranged from 1: 16 to 1:64 just after birth, increased to peak titers ranged from 1:256 to 1:1,024 in the 2nd week after birth. Challenged newborn rats had IFA antibody titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:1,024 after inoculation. No viral antigen was detected in lungs or other organs of the newborn rats. The maternal antibody to Seoul virus was transferred prenatally through placenta and postnatally via colostrum from immune dams to their offspring. These results demonstrated that maternal antibody to Seoul virus was quite effective in protecting newborn rats against same virus infection.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1992

The epidemic of tsutsugamushi disease, along with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) and leptospirosis, has been ingrowing concern as it occupies a considerable proportion of the so-called seasonal febrile illnesses in autumn in Korea. This study was conducted to describe certain epidemiologic characteristics of the reported cases of the tsutsugamushi epidemic in Chollanamdo province in 1991. The findings could be summarized as follows: 1. Among three seasonal febrile illnesses in Autumn, tsutsugamushi disease occupied 91.9 percent of whole serologically confirmed cases. 2. Male-female sex ratio was 1 : 1.8. Majority of cases (77.4% in men, 65.1% in female) were in older age group (>=50 year of age). 3. Date of disease onset were distributed between late September and November. The 67.4% of cases were developed from October 21 to November 10, 1991. 4. The 41.5% of cases were reported from southern maritime districts. Reported dates of index cases and median cases were earliest in inland districts followed by southern maritime and latest in western maritime districts. 5. Most frequently reported clinical symptoms were chill (100%), high fever (100%), headache (81.7%), and skin eruption (70.4%).

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 1998

Hantaviruses are distributed in rodent population world-widely even in geographical areas where hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has not been reported. Various species of Family Muridae and Arvicolidae serve as the natural reservoirs of hantaviruses. Hantaan virus, Seoul virus, Puumala virus, Prospect HII virus, Sin Nombre virus and New York virus are members of genus Hantavirus and isolated from lungs of A. agrarius, R. norvegicus, C. glareolus, M. pennsylvanicus, P. maniculatus and P. leucopus respectively. This experiment was intended to find the distribution of hantavirus infection among wild rodents and isolate the hantavirus from lung tissue of seropositve Apodemus peninsulae, and compared the nucleotide and amino acid sequences with prototype of hantaan virus 76-118 strain. Hantaviral sequences were amplified from lung tissues of A. peninsulae by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Alignment and comparison of the 324 nucleotide of G2 region of M-genomic segment diverged 4.6% and 0% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, and complete N protein-coding region of S-genomic segment diverged 3.7% and 1.4% nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. This is the report to spill-over on the hantaan virus from A. agrarius to A. peninsulae in Korea.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.124-128
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• 2002

Hantaan (HTN) and Puumala (PUU) viruses are major etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), an important public health problem in Korea after the Korean War. The objective of present study was to determine allergenic potency of an inactivated combination vaccine against HTN and PUU viruses inflection. As a series of allergenicity assessment, a homologous active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and homologous/heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) tests using the mice and guinea pigs were carried out. In the ASA test, no anaphylactic symptoms were observed in the guinea pigs sensitized with the vaccine alone as well as the vaccine emulsified with an adjuvant. By homologous PCA test, the vatscine did not induced the potential IgE antibody production in the sera obtained from the sensitized guinea pigs. In addition, IgE against the vaccine was not significantly enhanced from the mice inoculated with the vaccine, which was judged by the heterologous PCA test in rats. On the other hand, the inoculation of ovalbumin appeared to allergenic reactions both in the ASA and PCA tests. The results suggest that a combination vaccine against HW and PUU viruses have no allergenic potential in mice or guinea pigs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1382-1389
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• 1997

저자들은 감기증상 후에 빠른 시간내에 급성호흡부전증에 이르렀던 환자에서 신증후성 출혈열과는 다르게 주로 호흡기와 순환기를 침범하는 한타바이러스 폐 증후군 1예률 경험하였기에 고하는 바이다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2021

Hantaan virus(HTNV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) with a case fatality rate ranging from <1 to 15 % in human. Hantavax^Ⓡ is a vaccine against the Hantavirus, which has been conditionally approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety(MFDS). However, only 50 % of volunteers had neutralizing antibodies 1 year following the boost. Effective antiviral treatments against HTNV infection are limited. Hantaviruses generally cause asymptomatic infection in adult mice. On the other hand, infection of suckling and newborn mice with hantaviruses causes lethal neurological diesease or persistant infection, which is different from the disease in humans. The development of vaccines and antiviral strategies for HTNV has been partly hampered by the lack of an efficient lethal mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of the candidate vaccines or antivirals. In this report, we established a lethal mouse model for HTNV, which may facilitate in vivo studies on the evaluation of candidate drugs against HTNV. The median lethal dose value of HTNV was calculated by probit analysis of deaths occurring within two weeks. Five groups of ten ICR mice were injected intracranially with serial 2-fold dilutions (from 50 to 3.125 PFU/head) of HTNV. Mice injected with HTNV began to die at 8 days post-infection. The lethal dose required to kill 50 % of the mice (LD₅₀) was calculated to be 2.365 PFU/head.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2009

연구배경: 쯔쯔가무시병, 렙토스피라병, 신증후출혈열은 우리나라에서 흔한 급성열성질환으로 최근 발병과 유행성의 보고가 있음에도 불구하고 열성질환에 있어서 폐침범에 대한 연구는 부족한 상태이다. 열성질환에 있어서 폐합병증이 있을 때 임상적으로 더 심한 경과를 보이고 CRP 수치도 더 높게 측정되는 경우가 있어 입원 시 측정한 CRP값이 조기에 적극적인 치료 대상에 대한 예측인자가 될 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 1월부터 2008년 5월까지 한림대학교 춘천성심병원에서 혈청학적 검사에서 양성이거나 임상적으로 진단을 받았던 환자를 대상으로 후향적 연구를 하였다. 결 과: 총 105명의 환자가 대상이 되었고 쯔쯔가무시병 63명(63%), 신증후출혈열 32명(30.5%), 렙토스피라병 10명(9.5%)이었고 폐침범은 42명(40%)에서 관찰되었으며 폐부종 20명(19%), 가슴막삼출 20명(19%), 간질폐렴 2명(2%)이었다. CRP는 평균 8.87${\pm}$7.29 mg/dl였고 20 mg/dl 이상의 높은 값을 보였던 환자도 8명 있었고 폐침범 중 간질폐렴 형태에서 가장 높은 평균값을 보였다(p=0.027). 폐합병증을 보였던 환자군에서 임상적으로 심한 경과를 보였으며 중환자실 입원치료와 인공호흡기 치료를 동반하고 있었고 더 높은 CRP값을 보였다(p=0.0073). 결 론: 급성열성질환에 있어서 폐합병증을 보인 군에서 더 높은 CPR 수치가 측정되었으며 입원 시 CRP측정을 통해 조기에 더 적극적인 치료가 필요한 환자군을 선택할 수 있고 폐침범에 의한 사망률과 치명률의 감소에도 도움이 될 것으로 추정된다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1996

Histopathological vascular changes in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Hantaan virus include increased vascular permeability, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and changes in coagulation activity. Although vascular endothelial cells of main target organs such as kidney infected with Hantaan virus are not damaged but swelling of endothelial cells, perivascular exudates and infiltration of mononuclear cells and fresh interstitial hemorrhages are common. However, the pathogenesis of cell infiltration and hemorrhages around vascular endothelial cells are not well understood. Some endothelial cell molecules or vascular adhesins that acts as adhesion moleulces for leukocyte are expressed on endothelial cells close to site of inflammation. However, whether the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM) on vascular endothelial cells are increased by infection with Hantaan virus has not been studied. In this study, the relationship between the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ELAM and adhesion of mononuclear cells on endothelial cells of human blood vessels infected with Hantaan virus was investigated. The endothelial cells of umbilical vein was passaged three times in culture medium and the monolayered cells were infected with $10^5\;pfu/ml$ of Hantaan virus grown in Vera E6 cell cultures. The multiplication of virus in cultured endothelial cells was monitored by immunohistochemistry and the expression of adhesion molecules was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ELAM. And in situ hybriditation against ICAM-1 was also performed. The endothelial adhesion molecules, VCAM and ICAM, were expressed after 6 hours postinfection, respectively, and their expressions lasted for 72 hours. Similar expression of VCAM and ICAM appeared on endothelial cells by infection with virus, but the expression of ELAM was not recognized up to 72 hours postinfection. Microscopically, it was noted that many monocuclear cells adhered on endothelial cells infected with viruses. In an electronmicroscopic study, the transendothelial migration of mononuclear cells was observed on monolayered endothelial cells infected with virus. This results suggested that the endothelial adhesion molecules, particulary VCAM and ICAM, might be expressed on endothelial cells by infection with Hantaan virus and these molecules play a key role in the adhesion and extravasation of inflammatory cells around blood vessels.