• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.2358-2372
• /
• 1993

In this study, the computer modeling for prediction of the performance of fin-tube heat exchanger using alternative refrigerant, HFC-134a was developed and the computer program for calculating the various properties of HFC-134a and the existing refrigerant CFC-12 and HCFC-22 was made. The heat exchanger modeling is based on a tube-by-tube approach, which is capable of analysis for the complex coil array. Performance of each tube is analyzed separately by considering the cross-flow heat transfer with external airstream and the appropriate heat and mass transfer relationships. A performance comparison according to the different refrigerants is provided using this developed model. As the result of this study, total heat transfer rate of evaporator and condenser using HFC-134a were found higher than that of using CFC-12 for the same operating conditions. When the mass flow rate of HFC-134a was less than CFC-12 about 18. 16%, the cooling capacities of evaporator were found to be the same.

• 태양에너지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 1997

열펌프건조기는 증발기에 의한 냉각및 감습기능과 응축기에 의한 가열기능을 대류형건조기와 연계시킴으로써 필연적 손실로 분류되던 배기가 갖고 있는 현열과 잠열을 회수하여 재활용할 수 있는 이점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 HFC134a를 냉매로 사용한 배치형(batch type) 열펌프건조기를 설계제작하여 건조실의 유지온도, 공기의 바이패스비(bypass ratio), 냉매의 과열도를 일정하게 유지하고 정면풍속(face velocity)과 압축기속도를 변화시켜 건조기의 성능을 분석하였으며 정면풍속의 증가에 따라 열펌프의 성적계수는 증가하나 SMER(Specific Moisture Extraction Rate)은 감소하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 2002

The effects of the Rhynchosia nulubilis extracts on serum lipid concentrations were evaluated in rats. Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were divided into six groups and fed high fat and high cholesterol diets for four weeks. Experimental groups were administered with following diets; basal fat diet(control) and basal and high fat diets with 1% cholesterol and Rhynchosia nulubilis extract(40mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 4000mg/kg). The concentrations of serum triglyceride in rats fed the Rhynchosis mulubilis extract, high fat, 1% cholesterol, and RN-HFC(-40, -400, -4000mg/kg) groups were lower than those in other groups. The concentrations of total cholesterol in the RN-HFC (-40, -400, -4000mg/kg) groups were lower than those in fat diet groups. The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol in serum of the RN-HFC(-40, -400, 4000mg/kg) groups were significantly higer than those of other groups. The levels of LDL-cholesterol in serum of the RN-HFC(-40, -400, -4000mg/kg) groups were tended to be lower than those of other groups. These results suggest that Rhynchosia nulubilis extract may reduce elevated levels of serum lipid concentrations in rats fed high fat diets.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 D
• /
• pp.700-702
• /
• 2000

The new design methodology of a hybrid fuzzy controller by means of the genetic algorithms is presented. In fuzzy controller which has been widely applied and used. in order to construct the best fuzzy rules that include adjustment of fuzzy sets, a highly skilled techniques using trial and error are required. To deal with such a problem, first, a hybrid fuzzy controller(HFC) related to the optimal estimation of control parameters is proposed. The HFC combined a PID controller with a fuzzy controller concurrently produces the better output performance than any other controller from each control output in steady state and transient state. Second, a auto-tuning algorithms is presented to automatically improve the performance of hybrid fuzzy controller, utilizing the simplified reasoning method and genetic algorithms. In addition, to obtain scaling factors and PID Parameters of HFC using GA, three kinds of estimation modes such as basic, contraction, and expansion mode are effectively utilized. The HFCs are applied to the first-order second-order process with time-delay and DC motor Computer simulations are conducted at step input and the performances of systems are evaluated and also discussed from performance indices.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 LNG나 LPG등과 같은 초저온용 단열재로 사용되는 폴리우레탄 폼을 대체하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 레졸형 페놀수지를 사용하여 페놀 폼을 합성하였다. 페놀 수지 발포 폼을 합성하기 위해 HCFC-141b, HFC-365mfc와 HFC-227fa의 혼합물, n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane 및 cyclohexane을 발포제로 사용하여 발포제에 따른 페놀수지 폼의 물성변화를 고찰하였다. 발포제로 cyclohexane을 사용하였을때 가장 우수한 단열성능과 압축강도를 나타내었으며 동일한 발포제를 사용하여 합성한 폴리우레탄 폼과의 내열성을 비교한 결과 폴리우레탄 폼에 비해 매우 우수한 내열성을 나타내었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.966-979
• /
• 1998

Thermodynamic and dynamic analysis has been conducted to investigate performance variations induced by substitution of alternative refrigerants, HFC134a or HC600a for CFC12 in hermetic reciprocating compressors. For the thermodynamic analysis, mass and energy conservation laws are applied to the cylinder volume and Helmholtz resonator modeling method is adopted to describe gas pulsations at suction and discharge system. The modeling of the dynamics of the compressor mechanism has been performed with lumped mass method to analyse the bearing loads and friction losses at each bearing. To verify the correctness of this analysis, results of the performance simulation have been compared to those of calorimetric measurrements of compressor operating with CFC12. Analysis of the various losses, noise and reliability as well as performance has been conducted to present the design guideline for the compressor development with alternative refrigerants. It is found that compressors with alternative refrigerants, HFC 134a or HC600a give better COPs than those with CFC12 under the same operating conditions and especially, compressors with HC600a show better reliability and noise characteristics also.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.569-580
• /
• 1998

In this study, condensation heat transfer coefficients(HTCs) of a plain tube, low fin tube, and Turbo-C enhanced tube for CFC-11, HCFC-123, CFC-12, HFC-l34a are measured and compared against each other. All data are taken at the vapor temperature of 39$^{\circ}C$ with a wall subcooling temperature 3~8$^{\circ}C$. Test results show that HTCs of a low vapor pressure refrigerant, HFC-123, for a plain, low fin, and Turbo-C tubes are 10.5~20.5%, 8.2~12.2%, 16.5~19.2% lower than those of CFC-11, respectively. On the other hand, HTCs of a medium vapor refrigerant, HFC-l34a, for a plain, low fin, and Turbo-C tubes are 20.6~31.8%, 0.0~8.0%, 13.2~20.9% higher than those of CFC-12, respectively. For all refrigerants tested, HTCs of Turbo-C tube are the highest among the three tubes showing almost 8 times increase in HTCs as compared to those of a plain tube. Nusselt's prediction equation for a plain tube yielded 12% deviation for all plain tube data while Realty and Katz's prediction equation for a low fin tube yielded 20% deviation for all low tube data.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.589-599
• /
• 1995

The frictional pressure drop of a capillary tube flow is experimentally investigated for pure refrigerants such as R32, R125, and R134a and refrigerant mixtures such as R32/R134a(30/70 by mass percent), R32/R125(60/40), R125/R134a(30/70), and R32/R125/R134a(23/25/52). The binary interaction parameters for the calculation of viscosities of refrigerant mixtures are found based upon the data in the open literature. Several homogeneous flow models predicting the viscosity of two-phase region are compared to select the best model. Cicchitti's equation is known to be the most adequate for the prediction of the viscosity for refrigerant mixtures, which is used in the analysis of adiabatic capillary flows. A model for the prediction of the frictional pressure drop of single and two-phase flow is developed for refrigerant mixtures in this study. This model may be used to design and analyze the performance of a capillary tube in the refrigerating system.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.160-168
• /
• 2010

최근 고유동 콘크리트(High Fluidity Concrete 이하 HFC)에 대한 연구는 많은 시공사례와 함께 진행되고 있지만, 콘크리트의 내구성능을 평가하는 항목 중 하나인 염소이온 침투에 대한 연구는 미비하며, 기존의 내구성관련 연구는 고강도 이상(40MPa)연구됨에 따라 보통강도 고유동 콘크리트의 염소이온 침투에 관한 연구는 찾아보기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 석회석 미분말을 혼합한 보통강도 HFC를 제조하여 콘크리트의 공극구조 및 염소이온 침투특성을 분석 고찰하였다. 실험결과 석회석 미분말을 혼합한 2성분계 및 3성분계 고유동 콘크리트의 경우 콘크리트의 공극 크기는 0.005~0.05 ${\mu}m$ 사이에서 가장 많이 분포하고 있으며, 석회석 미분말의 혼합률이 증가할수록 평균 공극 직경은 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 석회석 미분말의 혼합률이 증가할수록 염소이온 침투깊이 및 확산계수는 증가하는 경향이 나타나며, 확산계수는 압축강도 및 평균공극직경 사이의 상관관계에서 결정계수 0.90 이상의 양호한 상관성이 있었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2008

케이블 TV망은 분배센터에서 가입자에게 방송 신호를 내려보내는데, 하이브리드 파이버 동축케이블(HFC)이 사용된 뒤로는 상향채널을 인터넷 같은 광대역 서비스로 확장해 활용하고 있다. 그런데 이 상향채널은 잡음에 취약한데 한 노드의 증폭기에 누적된 자식노드로부터의 잡음이 어떤 수준을 넘게 되면, 잡음이 더 이상 전파되는 것을 막기 위해 해당되는 노드를 분리하는 것이 필요하게 된다. 각 노드에 이익이 주어질 때 노드 선택 문제(NSP)는 각 노드에 누적된 잡음이 주어진 임계값을 넘지 않으면서 선택된 노드의 이익의 합이 최대가 되게 노드들을 선택하는 문제인데 NP-hard임이 증명되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 NSP의 근사해를 구하는 휴리스틱들을 제안하고 비교 분석하였는데, 구간 분할 휴리스틱이 greedy 휴리스틱보다 더 우수한 결과를 보였다. 이 휴리스틱들은 HFC 운영 시스템에 구현되어, 사용료를 더 많이 지불하는 우수 고객들에 해당하는 노드를 케이블 TV망에서 가능한 분리하지 않음으로써 더 좋은 질의 서비스를 제공하는 데 사용할 수 있다.