• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate Modernism of Gabrielle Chanel in respect to her fashion business. Chanel always considered the work of a fashion designer 'a technique, a craft, a trade' and chastised couturiers who looked upon themselves as artists. She was the first to cater to the public in its broader sense and to produce standard which appealed to every taste, the first to democratize the art of dressmaking for purely economic reasons. The results were as follows; 1. Chanel personified ~his new spirit of independence and evolved a style of dress for the modern, liberated woman. 2. Chanel excelled at fabrics, their interpretation, and an ability to use them. She had taken a humble material, one that was used by men and that they had shunned, and turned it into a fashionable fabric. In the process she also accelerated the growth of the ready-to-wear industry for it was a fabric within the financial reach of the majority of woman who wanted to dress fashionably but were not well off. 3. Chanel thought black chic and would never go out of fashion. As American Vogue for 1 October 1926 prognosticated, her little black dress became a kind of uniform. 4. Chanel represented an exception among couturiers because she was flattered that her styles were so popular and widely copied. She believed that her style would be affirmed by high-street copies-after all, copying is the sincerest form of flattery. 5. Chanel changed the concept of costume jewellery. It was not an original idea of Chanel's. Whereas Poiret had pioneered the original idea of costume jewellery, it was Chanel's avant-garde way with it not to mention her usual deceptive simplicity and supreme artistry that made costume jewellery evolve a successful and lucrative part of the fashion industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.295-303
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• 2009

This autobiographical narrative interview study aims at exploring how A, one Korean 82-year-old female farmer strived vigorously to learn by herself and to teach her children (4 boys and 3 girls) despite the fact that she was not afford to pay tuitions on time. From 40 times of interview-data three major findings emerged: (1) A learned how to read Korean Japanese and Chinese characters and how to calculate at a free-of-charge teaching center although her father didn't approve of her learning; (2) A tried very hard to earn money inside and outside home to support her children's education, organizing many mutual fraternity meetings to seek mutual financial support, selling mostly farm products as well as farming almost all day and everyday; (3) Although it was so hard to educate three daughters, A was proud of the fact that she was able to put her second daughter to a high school with a promise to pay her tuition later. Some implications of the findings are added.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the maternal perception of her newborn and identify the risk of mother-infant relationship. Broussard's Neonatal Perception Inventories were completed by 113 mothers on the first or second postpartum day (Time I ) while they were still in the University Hospital. These inventories were again administered when the infants were approximately one month of age (Time Ⅱ). The data was analyzed by S.P.S.S. program and the results were as follows: 1) There were differences between the mothers' exportations of the average baby and perceptions of their babies at Time I and Time Ⅱ (p<0.01). 2) The maternal perception of her newborn at Time I was not related with the education, the parity, the experience of abortion, the type of delivery and the sex of baby but related with the method of feeding (p<0.05). 3) The maternal perception of her newborn at Time Ⅱ was not related with the education, the parity, the experience of abortion, the type of delivery and the method of feeding but related with the sex of baby (p<0.05). 4) The changes of maternal perception between Time I and Time Ⅱ were not related with the education, the parity, the experience of abortion, the method of delivery and the sex of baby but related with the method of feeding (p<0.1). 5) The maternal perception of the newborn was not correlated with the age and the duration of labor.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.42-57
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• 2007

The purpose of study is to investigate costumes of the heroin in the opera which has performed by 4 different directors ; Metropolitan opera by Franco Zeffirelli, San francisco opera by David Hockney, Salzburg Festival by David Pountney and Korea Arena opera by Zhang Yi-mou. In these performances, Her costumes normally expressed the change of her characteristic from a haughty and cruel lady to a lady who realized a true love. The former is wearing exaggerative and splendid styles while the latter is wearing simple and ladylike styles. Costume styles of each performance are like this. In the Metropolitan's opera, costumes are very splendid using brilliant fabrics and accessories of Chinese peking opera. Their costume styles are influenced by Chinese 'Pao' which is similar to Ming Style. In the San Francisco's opera, costumes are very simple, specially pattern of dragons. This silhouette mixed Chinese style and western dress. In the Salzburg Festival's opera, costumes are based on simple western style but they expressed her mind effectively like a extremely long skirt which means her haughtiness. In the Seoul arena opera, costumes are based on Ming styles using silk which embroidered dragons, phoenixes and flowers.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2006

1. Objectives The purpose of this case is to report that a Soyangin Heat sensation in the chest patient Diagnosed as Hyperthyroidism was treated with 'Yangkyuksanhwa-tang' and Antithyroid drugs in conjunction and then her symptom and thyroid function test results improved. 2. Methods We diagnosed her Hypetthyroidism on Soyangin Syndrome. So we treated her with 'Yangkyuksanhwa-tang' and Antithyroid drugs in combination. 3. Results This patient's symptom and thyroid function test results were improved 4. Conclusions By a combined treatment on a Soyangin Heat sensation in the chest patient Diagnosed as Hypetthyroidism, her symptom and thyroid function test results were improved. This case study showed an efficient results by giving Yangkyuksanhwa-tang in treatment of Soyangin Heat sensation in the chest patient.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2004

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of Taeumjowi-tang on the Taeumin bronchiectasis 2. Methods Consulting her Cheyungkisang(體形氣像) and QSCC, we had diagnosed her as Taeumin and treated her with Taeumjowi-tang(太陰調胃湯). 3. Results After the treatment, she felt her symptoms, cough, sputum, dyspnea, dizziness, general weakness, flushing sign, improved. 4. Conclusions We have concluded that these effects must be useful in the clinical study of the Sasang constitutional treatment on Bronchiectasis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2022

Nephrocalcinosis often occurs in infants and is caused by excessive calcium or vitamin D supplementation, neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism, and genetic disorders. Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH), a rare cause of nephrocalcinosis, results from genetic defects in CYP24A1 or SLC34A1. Mutations in CYP24A1, which encodes 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase, disrupt active vitamin D degradation. IIH clinically manifests as failure to thrive and hypercalcemia within the first year of life and usually remits spontaneously. Herein, we present a case of IIH wih CYP24A1 mutations. An 11-month-old girl visited our hospital with incidental hypercalcemia. She showed failure to thrive, and her oral intake had decreased over time since the age of 6 months. Her initial serum parathyroid hormone level was low, 25-OH vitamin D and 1,25(OH)₂ vitamin D levels were normal, and renal ultrasonography showed bilateral nephrocalcinosis. Whole-exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants in CYP24A1 (NM_000782.4:c.376C>T [p.Pro126Ser] and c.1310C>A [p.Pro437His]). Although her hypercalcemia and poor oral intake spontaneously resolved in approximately 8 months, we suggested that her nephrocalcinosis and renal function be regularly checked in consideration of potential asymptomatic renal damage. Hypercalcemia caused by IIH should be suspected in infants with severe nephrocalcinosis, especially when presenting with failure to thrive.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2018

Background: In Korea, stomach cancer is the second most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. the time of diagnosis is very important for treatment so early detection and surgery are currently considered the mainstay of treatment, when diagnosed advanced with tumor extension through the gastric wall and direct extension into other organs, with metastatic involvement. Recently, new drugs, drug combinations, and multimodal approaches have been used to treat this disease and In cancers over expressing or amplifying HER2, the combination of cisplatin-fluoropyrimidine-trastuzumab is considered to be the treatment of reference. but At present, the choice of treatment schedule for HER2-negative tumors is based on the medical institution's preferences and adverse effects profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using FOLFOX regimen as a first-line therapy or a salvage therapy in the patients with HER2-negative advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Methods: We retrospective reviewed the patient medical record from March 2012 to July 2017. This study evaluated 113 patients. Sixty-eight patients were treated with the FOLFOX regimen for the first time (first-line group) and 45 patients were treated with the FOLFOX regimen as a second (35 patients) or third (10 patients) chemotherapy (salvage group). Results: In the first-line group, the response rate was 54.9%. In the salvage therapy group, the response rate was 24.4% and The difference was statistically significant (p=0.205). The median TTP of the first-line group was 10.7 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 7.8-13.7 months) and that of salvage line group was 6.1 months (95% CI, 3.8-8.4 months). The median OS of the first-line group was 15.8 months (95% CI, 12.7-18.9 months) and that of the salvage therapy group was 10.2 months (95% CI, 8.2-11.9 months). drug toxicity was similar andtolerable between two groups. Conclusion: In patients with unresctable metastatic gastric cancer, after failing to respond to first-line therapy, most patients have no alternative other than second-line therapy because the disease is highly progressive. if the performance status of the patient is good enough to be eligible to treatments beyond best supportive care. FOLFOX regimen can be a considerable therapeutic option for salvage treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1381-1385
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• 2014

Background: The prognostic value of the Ki67 expression level is yet unclear in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Ki67 expression levels and prognostic factors such as grade, Her2 and hormone receptor expression status in breast cancers. Materials and Methods: Clinical and pathological features of the patients with breast cancer were retreived from the hospital records. Results: In this study, 163 patients with breast cancer were analyzed, with a mean age of $53.4{\pm}12.2$ years. Median Ki67 positivity was 20% and Ki67-high tumors were significantly associated with high grade (p<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (p=0.035), Her2 positivity (p=0.001), advanced stage (p<0.001) and lymph node positivity (p<0.003). Lower Ki67 levels were significantly associated with longer median relapse-free and overall survival compared to those of higher Ki67 levels. Conclusions: High Ki67 expression is associated with ER negativity, Her2 positivity, higher grade and axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancers. The level of Ki67 expression is a prognostic factor predicting relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.151-163
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• 2005

Objective : The objective of this study is to enlarge the range of treating which understanding taech'u acupoint(GVl4) can be applied to by inspecting and analyzing documentary records about taech'u acupoint(GVl4). Method : Various contents about taech'u acupoint(GVl4) can be inquired into through investing and analyzing 41 kinds of documentary records ranging from old books to contemporary materials. Results : 1. The spot of taech'u acupoint(GVl4) is under the process of the 7th cervical vertebral. 2. Taech'u acupoint(GVl4) can be found in two positions which can be posturized by a patient. One is a position in which a patient lies on his/her face. The other is a position in which a patient sits up straight with his/her head bent. 3. The depth of acupuncturing can be varied from 3 puns to 2 chons. 4. The amount of moxa can be varied from 3 jangs to 60 jangs. 5. To treat throush taech'u acupoint(GVl4) can lower fever, relieve a state of oversensitiveness, and let vitality flown. Conclusions : The range of treating through taech'u acupoint(GVl4) can be chronic wasting diseases, neuropsychotic diseases, feverish diseases, respiratory diseases, and diseases which can be around taech'u acupoint(GVl4).