• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Polyurethane resin containing isocyanate is marked by excellent tensile and mechanical strengths and this test aims to gauge its applicability as a medical high polymer. Tris [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate and hexamethylenediisocyanate were added to a basic mixing ratio of HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), MMA (methyl methacrylate), NVP (n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) and crosslink agent, EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) with increasing proportions and copolymerized respectively. Also, the basic physical properties of the polymerized high polymers including refraction rate, tensile strength, light transmission and water content were measured to confirm that they are appropriate as hydrogelcontact lenses. After measuring the physical properties of high performance polymers produced by adding tris [2-(acryloyloxy) ethyl]isocyanurate, it was found that the average tensile strengths of sample TRIS1 to TRIS10 were between 0.285 and 0.612 kgf, while the average values of refractive index were ranged from 1.441 to 1.449 with water content from 30.00 to 37.35%.The measurement of physical properties of the copolymers generated by adding hexamethylenediisocyanate showed that the average tensile strength of sample HEXA1 to HEXA10 ranged from 0.267 to 1.742 kgf, the refractive index ranged from 1.443 to 1.475 and water contents were in the range of 21.22 to 35.58%. In all combinations the transmission rates satisfied the transmittance of general hydrogel contact lenses. From theresults, it is possible to conclude that the produced copolymers can be used as contact lens materials with excellent tensile strength.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2019

This experiment is to evaluate the physical properties of the hydrogel lens with the addition of carbon-based nanomaterials, Graphene oxide and Carbon nanotube, and to confirm the improvement of strength. Hyaluronic acid, a hydrophilic substance, was used as an additive by using HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a base monomers. Graphene oxide and two types of Carbon nanotubes(Amide functionalized and Carboxilic acid functionalized) were added 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, respectively, and the physical properties were analyzed by measuring water content, refractive index, breaking strength and SEM image. In the case of the sample added with each carbon nano material, the water content tended to increase for all three materials. The breaking strength tended to increase in Graphene oxide and Carbon nanotube; Carboxilic acid functionalized, but in the case of Carbon nanotube; amide fuctionalized, the breaking strength tended to decrease. However, Carbon nanotube; amide fuctionalized had the highest breaking strength among the three nano materials. Thus, the addition of certain carbon nanomaterials seems to be appropriate for improving the strength of hydrogel lenses.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2024

In this study, the surfaces of two gold nanoparticles of different shapes were modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and used for contact lenses. The polymer was based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and spherical and sea urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles were used as additives. CTAB was used to modify the surface of the sea urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles. To analyze the physical properties of the prepared contact lens, optical transmittance, refractive index, water content, contact angle, and atomic force microscope (AFM) were measured and evaluated. The results showed the nanoparticles did not significantly affect optical transmittance, refractive index, or water content of the lens, and tensile strength increased according to the ratio of the additive. The addition of the sea urchin-shaped nanoparticles resulted in lower wettability compared with the spherical nanoparticles, but somewhat superior tensile strength. In addition, it was found that the wettability of the lens was improved when the surface-modified sea urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles were added. The types of gold nanoparticles and surface modification methods used in this study are considered to have great potential for use in ophthalmic materials.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2013

목적: FDA 기준에 의해 분류된 시판용 콘택트렌즈와 실험실에서 제조한 콘택트렌즈의 물리화학적 특성에 따라 라이소자임과 알부민의 흡착 특성을 살펴보고자 한다. 방법: 실험실에서 제조한 렌즈는 HEMA(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)와 TRIM(3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate) 등의 모노머를 사용하였으며 캐스트몰드 방법으로 제조하였다. 라이소자임과 알부민을 함유한 인공눈물을 제조하였다. 각각의 렌즈에 대해 흡착시간(48시간)과 인공눈물의 pH(pH 6, 6.8, 7.4, 8.2, 9)에 따라 단백질 흡착량 변화를 추적하고, 콘택트렌즈에 흡착된 각각의 단백질은 HPLC로 정량하였다. 결과: 두 단백질의 흡착에 대한 평형상태 도달하는 시간은 하이드로겔 렌즈에 비해 실리콘하이드로겔 렌즈에서 더 오래 걸렸다. 평형상태에서 두 단백질에 대한 흡착량은 실리콘하이드로겔 렌즈에 비해 하이드로겔 렌즈, 비이온성 렌즈에 비해 이온성 렌즈에서 높게 나타났다. 또한, 고함수 렌즈에서는 라이소자임이, 저함수 렌즈에서는 알부민의 흡착량이 많았으며, 이온성 고함수의 Group IV 하이드로겔 렌즈(H4)에서는 라이소자임만이 흡착되었다. 인공눈물의 pH에 따른 두 단백질의 흡착량은 각 단백질의 등전점에 가까워질수록 증가하였다. 결론: 라이소자임의 흡착량은 콘택트렌즈의 함수율보다는 렌즈 표면의 이온성에 더 큰 영향을 받으며, 알부민은 렌즈 표면의 이온성보다 함수율에 더 많은 영향을 받는다. 실리콘하이드로겔 렌즈에서 단백질의 흡착은 콘택트렌즈의 극성뿐만 아니라 실리콘 모노머에 포함된 Si 원자수와 그 화학적 구조에 의해 결정되는 세공의 크기 등이 함께 고려되어야 한다.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.627-638
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• 1992

분자량과 관능기수가 각각 다른 4가지의 polypropylene glycol(PPG)과 toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate(2, 4-TDI)를 이용하여 polyurethane prepolymer(NCO terminated)를 합성한 후 NCO기 말단에 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(2-HEMA)를 반응시켜 PPG계 polyurethane methacrylates 수지를, PPG대신에 bisphenol A(BPA)를 이용하여 BPA계 polyurethane dimethacrylate 수지를 합성하였다. 합성된 PPG계 polyurethane dimethacrylate 수지에 반응성희석제인 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate(TEGDMA), 중합개시제인 cumene hydroperoxide(CHP) 중합금지제인 hydroquinone(HQ)를 첨가하였을 때, 첨가량변화에 따른 토오크강도의 변화를 고찰하였고, BPA계 polyurethane dimethacrylate 수지와 블렌드하였을때의 조성비에 따른 토오크강도의 변화를 고찰하였다. 토오크 측정결과, TEGDMA 40wt%, cumene hydroperoxide 4wt%, hydroquinone 200 ppm이 첨가되었을 때, 가장 큰 토오크강도를 나타내었으며, PPG계와 BPA계를 블렌딩하였을 때는 PPG/BPA가 4/6일 때 가장 큰 토오크강도를 나타내었다. 반응성희석제인 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate(TEGDMA), 중합개시제인 cume hydroperoxide(CHP), 중합금지제인 hydroquinone(HQ)를 동일하게 첨가한 후, 분자량과 관능기수가 다른 PPG계 polyurethane dimethacrylate 수지들의 열경화시의 토오크강도를 측정한 결과, 관능기수가 같은 수지들(PD750, PD1000, PD2000)의 경우에는 분자량이 적은 수지(PD750)일수록 큰 토오크강도를 나타내었고, 관능기수가 많을수록(PT 700) 큰 토오크강도를 나타내었다. 개시제만을 첨가한 후, 열경화를 통해서 얻어진 PPG계 수지들의 겔들을 DSC분석을 통해서 Tg변화를 측정하여 본 결과, 경화시 분자량이 가장 적고, 관능기수가 가장 많은 PT 700이 가장 큰 폭의 Tg증가를 나타내었으며, 분자량이 가장 큰 수지인 PD 2000이 가장 적은 폭의 Tg증가를 나타내었다. 그리고, Tg를 통해서 가교점간 분자량 Mc를 측정한 결과, 가장 큰 폭의 Tg를 보인 PT 700가 가장 적은 Mc를 가지고 있었다. 따라서, PT 700이 경화시 가장 조밀한 망목구조를 형성한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.547-552
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• 2009

천연고분자물질인 키토산은 생체적합성과 생체활성이 좋은 특성을 가지고 있기 때문에 생체 의료용 재료로 중요하게 다루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 수용성 키토산을 교차결합제인 EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)와 HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), MMA (methylmethacrylate), MA (methacrylic Acid) 그리고 개시제인 AIBN을 사용하여 공중합 하였다. 공중합한 안의료용 재료의 물리적 특성을 측 정한 결과 함수율 24$\sim$59%, 가시광선 투과율 88$\sim$89%, 인장강도 0.1$\sim$2.4 Kgf를 나타내었다. 또한 포도 상구균, 녹농균에 대한 항균성 시험 결과 키토산을 포함하지 않은 고분자에 비해 높은 항균성을 나타내 어 향후 이 공중합체가 고기능성을 가진 안의료용 재료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1999

소프트 콘택트렌즈는 HEMA(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)를 재질로 하여 사용하기 시작하여 현재는 실리콘을 이용한 재질까지 발달하고 있다. 본 연구는 국내에서 유통되는 7개 회사의 콘택트렌즈 재질에 대한 세포독성과 보존 용액의 세포독성을 평가하기 위해 시행하였다. 수집된 콘택트렌즈를 $121^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 용출한 용액과 렌즈 보존용액을 배양 생쥐 섬유모세포와 각막 상피세포에 25% 농도로 48시간 동안 처리하여 세포증식 저해 정도를 조사하였다. 렌즈의 용출액은 세포독성이 없었으나 보존용액 중 3개회사 제품에서 세포증식 저해가 나타났다. 본 연구는 렌즈의 재질이나 보존용액에 대한 독성평가의 중요한 지침으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.709-713
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to develop novel intestinal specific drug delivery systems with pH sensitive swelling and drug release properties. The carboxyl group of ibuprofen was converted to a vinyl ester group by reacting ibuprofen and vinyl acetate as an acylating agent in the presence of catalyst. The glucose-6-acrylate-1, 2, 3, 4-tetraacetate (GATA) monomer was prepared under mild conditions. Cubane-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid (CDA) linked to two 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) group was used as the crosslinking agent (CA). Methacrylic-type polymeric prodrugs were synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of methacrylic acid, vinyl ester derivative of ibuprofen (VIP) and GATA in the presence of cubane cross linking agent. The structure of VIP was characterized and confirmed by FTIR, $^1H$ NMR and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy. The composition of the cross-linked three-dimensional polymers was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The hydrolysis of drug polymer conjugates was carried out in cel-lophane membrane dialysis bags, and the in vitro release profiles were established separately in enzyme-free simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF, pH 1 and SIF, pH 7.4). The detection of a hydrolysis solution by UV spectroscopy at selected intervals showed that the drug can be released by hydrolysis of the ester bond between the drug and polymer backbone at a low rate. Drug release studies showed that increasing the MAA content in the copolymer enhances the rate of hydrolysis in SIP. These results suggest that these polymeric prodrugs can be useful for the release of ibuprofen in controlled release systems.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2007

A preparation process's conditions of aqueous sol which contains anatase-type nano titania particles with photocatalyic properties was established by using Yoldas process, so called, DCS(Destabilization of Colloidal Solution) process in this study. And crystal size change and phase transformation of titania particles in aqueous titania sol depending on reaction conditions was investigated by a light scattering method and XRD analysis of frozen dried powders, respectively. This sol with photo catalytic nano titania particles was used to the following hydrophilic hybrid coating film's fabrication and its properties was evaluated. Subsequently, for coating film using the above mentioned aqueous titania sol, non-aqueous titania sol was prepared without any chemical additives and its time stability according to aging time was investigate. By using the above mentioned aqueous titania sol and non-aqueous sol, a complex oxide coating sol for metal and ceramic substrate and a organic-inorganic hybrid coating sol for polymer substrate was prepared and it's hydrophilicity depending on UV irradiation conditions was evaluated. As a conclusions, the following results were obtained. (1)Aqueous titania sol The average particle size of titania in formed aqueous titania sol was distributed between 20$\sim$90nm range depending on reaction conditions. And the crystal phase of titania powders obtained by frozen drying method was changed from amorphous state to anatase and subsequently transformed to rutile crystal phase and it is attributed to concentration gradient in aqueous sol. (2)Non-aqueous titania sol Non-aqueous titania sol was prepared using methanol as a solvent and a little distilled water for hydrolysis and nitric acid as a catalyst were used. The obtained non-aqueous titania sol was stable at room temperature for 20 days. Additionally, non-aqueous titania sol with addition of chealating reagent such as acethylaceton and ethylene glycol prolonged the stability of sol by six months. (3)Complex sol and hybrid sol with super hydrophilicity The above mentioned aqueous titania sol as a main photocataylic component and non-aqueous titania sol as a binder for coating process was used to prepare a complex sol used for metal, ceramic and wood material substrate and also to prepare the organic-inorganic hybrid sol for polymer substrate such as polycarbonate and polyethylene, in which process APMS(3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), GPTS(3-Glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane) as a hydrophilic silane compound and HEMA(2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate) as a forming network in hybrid coating film were used. The hybrid coating film such as prepared through this process showed a superhydrophilicity below 1$10^{\circ}$ depending on processing conditions and a pencil's hardness over 6 H.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2015

목적: 해조류에서 추출된 알지네이트(alginate)와 염화칼슘($CaCl_2$)이 포함된 하이드로겔을 제작하여 물리적 특성을 살펴보고 콘택트렌즈로의 활용성을 파악하고자 한다. 방법: 하이드로겔 콘택트렌즈의 재료인 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate(HEMA)와 개시제인 azobisiobutyonitile(AIBN), 가교제인 ethylenglycoldimethacrylate(EGDMA)를 사용하여 본 실험에 사용 할 시료를 필름 형태로 제작하였다. Phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)용액에 24시간 수화시킨 후 1%, 2% 알지네이트와 1%, 3%, 5% 염화칼슘 용액에 각각 24시간씩 interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)을 실행하였으며, 물리적인 특성을 평가하기 위해 굴절률, 함수율, 접촉각 및 인장강도를 측정하였다. 결과: IPN후 필름의 물리적 특성을 측정한 결과 함수율은 30.89~36.89%, 굴절률은 1.434~1.441, 접촉각은 $62.98{\sim}80.45^{\circ}$, 인장강도는 2.378~4.215 ($gf/mm^2$)로 각각 나타났다. 또한 알지네이트의 함량이 증가함에 따라 물리적 특성 변화가 거의 없었으며, 염화칼슘의 함량이 증가함에 따라 함수율은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. IPN 결과, HEMA를 기본으로 하는 콘택트렌즈에 비해 함수율 및 접촉각은 감소하였으나 인장강도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 1차 IPN보다는 2차 IPN에서 인장강도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 염화칼슘을 포함하는 하이드로겔의 경우, 24시간 중합한 시료 및 2% 알지네이트와 2차 IPN한 시료에서는 염화칼슘의 함량이 증가하면 접촉각이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 염화칼슘의 농도 증가는 하이드로겔 필름의 인장강도를 증가시킨다. 알지네이트와 염화칼슘이 포함된 하이드로겔은 콘택트렌즈로서의 기본적인 물리적 특성을 가지고 있으며 앞으로 콘택트렌즈 소재로 활용할 가능성이 충분히 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.