• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 1998

Cigarette smoking is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has negative effects on blood lipid and lipoprotein . Some of the associations between smoking and chronic disease can be attributed to the less healthful lifestyles of smokers. A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations . Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect vitamin supplementation on plasma lipid patterns in smoking college men. 24subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group (n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8) and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin C supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol, and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid+ 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the plasma lipid patterns before and after the vitamins were supplemented. The results obtained were as follows ; In the vitamin C supplementation group, the concentration of total cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly with the supplementation of vitamin. In the vitamin E and vitamin C+E supplementation groups, however, there were no significant differences observed with the supplementation of vitamin. Concentration of plasma LDL, triglyceride, free fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. In terms of plasma fatty acid composition, the concentrations of saturated fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. The concentrations of palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, however, significantly increased in the vitamin E supplementation group(p<0.05). The concentration of plasma linoleic acid significantly increased in the vitamin C+ E supplementation group)(p<0.05). The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk in view of the plasma total cholestrol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of the vitamin C supplementation group and fatty acid concentration of the vitamin E supplementation group.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.307-313
• /
• 2002

The primary objective of these studies was to screen the materials showing inhibitions of HMG-CoA reductase in vitro. The secondary objective was to determine the effect of garlic, lovastatin and copper on cholesterol concentrations in plasma, liver and breast tissues in pullets. The degree of inhibition of the selective samples on HMG-CoA reductase activity was determined in vitro. The inhibition ratios of water soluble garlic extracts, lovastatin (methanol extracts) and copper to HMG-CoA reductase activity were 51.3%, 87.5%, and 82.0%, respectively. Control diet (basal diet) and experimental diets, garlic powder (3% in diet), lovastatin (300mg/Kg of diet) and copper (200mg/Kg of diet) were fed to pullets in order to investigate the changes of cholesterol concentration in plasma and tissues. Total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol in blood plasma were significantly reduced in pullets fed diet containing 3% garlic powder. However, copper significantly increased total cholesterol compared to control and lovastatin did not affect plasma cholesterol concentration. Total cholesterol and triglyceride of liver and breast tissues in pullets were not affected by adding the cholesterol-lowering materials to diets. The data suggests that it is not easy for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to reduce cholesterol levels in body due to complication of cholesterol metabolism. However, garlic administration can lower the levels of plasma cholesterol in pullets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 1997

The effects of Aster scaber(Cham chyi) and Ixeris dentata(Sumbagui) of composite were studied on lipid metabolism in rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups and fed diets containing 1% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate, 10% coconut oil and 5% lard(control group) for 4 weeks. For each experimental diet added was 5% plant powder or extract of the plant which was equivalent to 5% Plant powder by dry weight. The lipid components of serum were assayed. The concentration of the total cholesterol was significantly lower in Cham chyi, and Sumbagui powder and the extract groups of those powder than the control group. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in rats fed Cham chyi and Sumbagui powder than the control group. The concentration of LDL, LDL-cholestrol, VLDL and chylomicron were comparatively lower in Cham chyi and Sumbagui powder groups than those in the control group. The concentration of seum triglyceride was lower in Cham chyi powder fed group than the control group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2002

Objective ; In order to study the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus(AS) aqua-acupuncture manufactured with water soluble fraction and ether soluble fraction on the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats Methods ; The fractions of AS aqua-acupuncture were carried out on corresponding bilateral loci of Bisu(BL20) everyday for 4 weeks. The experimental animals were divided into control group and AS groups(AS water fraction group and AS ether fraction group). Thereafter the levels of serum glucose, total choleterol, HDL, triglyceride, AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, urinary albumin excretion, index of kidney hypertrophy, heart rate, mean blood pressure and fibronectin in glomeruli and tubular cells were measured. Results ; The increased serum total cholestrol, triglyceride levels, HDL and urinary albumin excretion, the index of kidney hypertrophy, the mean blood pressure and the amount of fibronectin in glomeruli and tubular cells were significantly decreased in the AS groups, showing more significant decrease in the AS water fraction group as compared with the control group. In the serum ALT, AST, creatinine and BUN levels, there were no significant changes in the AS groups as compared with the control group. Conclusion ; According to the above results, it reveals that Acanthopanax senticosus water soluble and ether soluble fraction have the antidiabetic effect, the antilipidemic effect and the inhibitory effect of renal damage. Also, the results showed that Acanthopanax senticosus water soluble fraction is more effective than ether soluble fraction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.268-281
• /
• 1995

This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of DHA-rich fish oil (DHA-rich oil) added to different dietary fats on lipid metabolism. Rats were fed perilla oil, sesame oil and beef tallow with or without DHA-rich oil for 12 weeks. The weight gain was higher in groups with DHA-rich oil than that of groups without DHA-rich oil, with DHA-rich oil, while weight of epididymal fat pad was lower in perilla oil and beef tallow groups with DHA-rich oil. The contents of total lipid and triglyceride in plasma were not affected by dietary fat types, but that of total and HDL cholesterol in plasma were higher in sesame oil group than perilla oil and beef tallow groups without DHA-rich oil. The contents of total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholestrol and LDL cholesterol in plasma were decreased by DHL-rich oil addition. The contents of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were not affected by dietary fat type. The contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were not affected by dietary fat type. The contents of total lipid and TG in liver were not affected by DHA-rich oil addition while hepatic cholesterol increased by DHA-rich oil addition. The activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were highest in beef tallow group without DHA-rich oil and decreased by DHA-rich oil addition. Peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation had an inverse relationship against the activities of lipogenic enzymes. In conclusion, dietary DHA-rich oil decreased fat accumulation and had hypolipidemic effect, especially in beef tallow group. Also groups with DHA-rich oil showed more hypolipidemic effect than perilla oil group. And DHA-rich oil addition to diets resulted in increasing dietary n-3/n-6 ratio. Therefore increase in n-3/n-6 ratio as well as dietary DHA were considered to be responsible for the hypolipidemic effect resulted from DHA-rich oil addition.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.255-267
• /
• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the correlations among physical anthropometric measurement, diet intakes, physical fitness test, and serum lipids in eight sedentary women(control group), and twenty seven exercising women(aerobic groups), aged 35~45 years. The results of the study are as follows : 1) systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) of aerobic groups were lower than serf entary. Pulse rate was decreased according to the length of aerobic periods. Muscular endurance and jump power of all subjects were stronger than standard range, and those of aerobic exercising groups were stronger than control group. Muscular power of the upper half of the body In all subjects were lower than standard range. 2) Daily calorie intakes of all subjects were in the ring: of recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for Koreans. But daily protein Intakes were higher than RDA. daily cholestrol intakes of all subjects were slightly less than 200~300 mg: which is normal consumption of Koreans. 3) There was a significant positive correlation between serum 7G and daily protein intakes. It was considered that excessive protein intake converted to serum 7G. There was not a significant correlation between serum TC and dietary TC. Therefore, dietary TC seemed to have not much effect on serum TC. Physical fitness was negatively related to serum TG, TC, LDL-C, but positively related to HDL-C, HDL-C /TC. It was found that the serum lipids could be changed better according to improving the physical fitness. There were significant positive correlations between SBP and serum TC, LDL-C. (According to this results), the higher SBP, the higher serum TC, LDL-C tended to be. There was a significant positive correlations between sit up and weightloss nth exercise r=0.7(p<0.001), push ups and weightless with exercise r=0.5(p<0.001). It was considered that muscle strength could be improved according to the weightloss. 4) The purpose of exercise in aerobic groups was rather promoting health than reducing body fatness. Most of al1 subjects (83.2%) drank caffeine-contained beverage therefore, we should concern about that absorption of Fe could be Interrupted and blood pressure could be elevated by caffeine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
• /
• 1998.05a
• /
• pp.49-49
• /
• 1998

Chrominum(cr) plays an important role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and Cr deficiency impairs glucose tolerance and increase serum cholestrol and triglyceride. The relationships of serum Cr with serum glucose and lipids was examined in 79 female college students in Choong-Nam ares. Subjects were devided into underweight. normal and overweight groups according to their BM11. The average age, weight, height and BMI were 21.9yr, 55.89kg, 158.54cm and $22.62kg/m^2$, respectively. Height were not di fferent between groups. Serum Cr and glucose concentrations were not signi ficantly different between groups. However, there were tendency of increasing serum Cr level with increasing body weight. Serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in underweight group than other groups. BM! had positive corelations wi th LDL-cholesterol, Al and LPH, and negative corelations with HDL-cholesterolltotal cholesterol ratio. Serum Cr concentration had positive corelation with serum glucose concentration and negative corelation with LDL-chloestrol and LPH.nd LPH.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of obesity, serum antioxidant mineral concentrations and blood lipid parameters in middle school students. Subjects were assigned to two groups, obese (BMI$\geq$25, 32 boys, 24 girls) and normal group (18.5

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.284-289
• /
• 2002

The effects of Okcheonsan powder on the body weights, the organ weights, the blood glucose level, the lipid and protein concentrations of serum and liver in diabetic rats were studied. Female rats (Sprague-Dawley, mean weight 313.6$\pm$18.5 g) were randomly assigned to one normal and two diabetic groups. They were fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. The diabetic groups were divided into the diabetic control (D-control group) and 3% Ok-cheonsan groups (D-Okcheonsan group). Rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. The body weights, the concentrations of total lipid and triglyceride of liver, the concentrations of total protein and albumin of serum in tole D-control and the D-Okcheonsan groups were significantly decreased compared with those in the normal group. The pancreatic weight in the D-control group was significantly more increased than that in the D-Okcheonsan group, but in the D-Okcheonsan group it was similar to that in the normal group. The fasting blood glucose levels and the atherogenic index in all the diabetic groups were significantly higher than those in the normal group. The concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of serum, and the cholesterol of fiver in the D-Okcheonsan group were significantly lower than those in the D-control group. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholestrol/total cholesterol ratio of serum were similar to those in all the groups. The concentrations of phospholipid of serum and liver in the D-Okcheonsan group were significantly decreased compared with those of the normal group, In conclusion, the Okcheonsan powder feeding could decrease the pancreatic weight, the concentrations of the triglyceride, the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of serum, and the cholesterol of liver in the diabetic rats. But the concentrations of the blood glucose, the hepatic triglyceride and the atherogenic index seems to be not affected by it.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.25-45
• /
• 1992

Many phychiatrists have reported that the change of serotonin concentration would cause mental disorder and affect the pathological conditions such as schizophrenia, depression and eating behabior. The end product of serotonin metabolism was excreted as 5-HIAA in urine. Serum lipids, according to the report, were concerned with obesity, said it was. This study aims to observe the changes of plasma serotonin, urinary 5-HIAA and serum lipids, making use of Fat Cell Mass rate of 27 normal persons and 42 psychosomatic patients. For this, I also observed the change of serotonin, 5-HIAA and lipids of the psychosomatic patients by the use of 3 kinds of herbs as treatment medication on the basis of physical symptoms and the results were obtained as follows; 1. Urinary 5-HIAA is correlated with the body water rate(r=0.381), while reversely correlated with the Fat Cell Mass rate(r=-0.330). 2. Compared the control group with the patients group for the serum lipids value, they showed the significant results ; $146.4{\pm}5.71$ mg/dl and $166.9{\pm}6.56$ mg/dl in the total cholestrol value over- weights, $471.2{\pm}42.99$ mg/dl in the total lipid value, and $158.1{\pm}6.50$ mg/dl and $181.1{\pm}6.30$ mg/dl in the phospholipid of the obesity, respectively. 3. With comparison of each group to other group to the others for Fat Cell Mass rate, the total cholesterol showed the significant differences when the Fat Cell Mass rate was 20% or more, HDL-cholesterol value when 30% or more, and triglyceride when 30% or more, respectively. 4. there was significant variations in the relations between Fat Cell Mass rate and body water, which body mass index was increased as the body water was decreased. 5. Fat Cell Mass rate was correlated with Cholesterol(r = 0.420), triglyceride (r = 0.443), and $\beta$-lipoprotein(r = 0.450) of serum lipids, while reversely correlated with HDL -Cholesterol(r = -0.354) and urinary 5- HIAA had the correlation coefficient of -0.330. 6. What related with body water rate urinary 5-HIAA (r = 0.381) and $\beta$-lipoprotein(r = -0.405). 7. there were significant changes in the total cholesterol value and HDL-Cholesterol Value of serum lipids after dose of Ondamtang, significant increase in the 5-HIAA value after dose of Samulansintang, and significant devrease in the Trigylceride value of serum lipids after dose of Shihosogansan. As a result, it was seen that there was direct correlations among the Fat Cell Mass, urinary 5-HIAA, and serum lipids and stress from the mental conditions was not correlated directly to Serotonin, 5-HIAA, and serum lipids. I would like to conclude, therefore, that the detailed study should be performed on the function of serotonin of hypothalamus.