• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2006

The head to disk spacing must be decreased to increase recording densities in hard disk drives. Recently, to decrease the head to disk spacing, smooth disk having no bumps onto the lading zone has used. In this research, we compared the number of particles generated ill HDD with smooth and textured disks. We used a sampling method using a particle sampler and a CPC (condensation particle counter) to detect particles in HDD. First, we sampled and counted particles generated with disk rotational speed and various rest times when the smooth disk and textured disks were used, then analyzed the sampled particles by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and AES (auger electron spectroscopy). In results of measuring particles, more particles in case of LZT disk drive generated than that of the smooth disk drive in all test modes. The number of particles generated in the smooth disk was very low. The particle generation increased as the rest time increased (smooth/LZT disks) and more particles in case of LZT disk drive generated than that of the smooth disk drive. In results of analyzing particle components, Al, Ti, Si components were detected and we could not found differences between components in case of smooth/LZT disk drive.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1056-1061
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• 2000

Particles existing in a hard disk drive are known as a major source of TA(thermal asperity). Researchers have investigated how particles induce the TA phenomena, but have not verified yet the reason why and how particles are generated in a HDD. The objective of this study is to investigate why and how particles are generated, and in what condition, the largest number of particles is generated. The number of particles generated in a HDD was measured over the landing zone after various rest times of slider and during various motions and positions of slider. It is found that the large number of particles was generated when the HDD was turned on after a long rest time of slider and that a few of particles were continuously generated when the slider flied over the disk surface. It is thought that the number of particles generated in a HDD was related to the rest time of slider because the rest time of slider increased stiction, and that there were intermittent contacts between the slider and the disk surface when the slider flied over the disk surface.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.985-990
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• 2003

With the rotational speed of the hard disk drive (HDD) increased, the low frequency structural vibration induced by the unbalance force gives rise to the structure home noise of the personal computer, and finally degrades the noise quality. As the unbalance of the hard disk drive is decided by the mechanical assembly allowance between clamping and platter disk, there is limit to control this unbalance by the improved assembly method. To improve the noise and vibration performance of PC, basically the unbalance of HDD needs to be measured absolutely and reduced during the stage of the disk assembly. This study introduces the HDD unbalance measurement methods of the absolute magnitude based on the mobility concept, and the unbalance location information with the acceleration orbit.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2003

The fundamental fluid mechanics associated with the rotation of a smooth plane disk enclosed within a cylindrical chamber have been studied experimentally. In order to acquire systematic information pertinent to this problem torque and friction loss data were obtained over a wide range of disk Reynolds numbers for axial clearance-disk radius ratio H/R from 0.025 to 0.2 and radial tip gap-disk radius ratio s/R from 0.021 to 0.105. Loss analysis of hard disk drive (HDD) is presented to describe the contribution of windage loss of a rotating disk. The minimum loss form factor of HDD can be obtained from this analysis at each operation conditions.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2001년도 제34회 추계학술대회 개최
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• pp.159-165
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• 2001

The fundamental fluid mechanics associated with the rotation of a smooth plane disk enclosed within a cylindrical chamber have been studied experimentally. In order to acquire systematic information pertinent to this problem torque and friction loss data were obtained over a wide range of disk Reynolds numbers for axial clearance-disk radius ratio H/R from 0.025 to 0.2 and radial tip gap-disk radius ratio s/R from 0.021 to 0.105. Loss analysis of hard disk drive(HDD) is presented to describe the contribution of windage loss of a rotating disk. The minimum loss from factor of HDD can be obtained from this analysis at each operation conditions.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.274-276
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• 2010

노트북 시스템의 소음 원으로는 크게 3가지가 있는데 HDD, System Cooling Fan 그리고 ODD로 나뉠 수 있다. 이 중 HDD를 제외한 다른 두 가지는 사용자가 소음을 인지하고 받아들이는데 무리가 없지만 HDD는 소음 발생 이유를 납득하기가 어렵다. 즉, System Fan은 CPU와 Chipset의 온도를 낮추어야 하니 반드시 필요한 소음으로 인지하고, ODD는 필요시에만 동작하여 소음을 발생하니 소음이라고 생각하지 않는다. 하지만 HDD의 경우 사용자가 HDD를 Access하지 않아도 Disk 작업이 발생하는 경우가 있는데(캐쉬 정리, Defragmentation 등) 이 때에는 사용자가 소음을 납득하지 않는다. 더군다나 도서관이나 새벽의 방 안에서처럼 조용한 환경에서 사용 시에는 더욱 더 소음이 두드러져 사용자의 불만을 야기하게 된다. 이에 사용자가 소음에 대해 거부감을 갖지 않고 HDD의 감성불만인 소음에 대해 Claim을 제기하지 않도록 HDD의 소음 수준을 낮추는 알고리즘을 개발하고 적용하는 방법에 대해 연구한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.122-127
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• 2002

A frequency-domain PES estimation and its prediction method are proposed for the tightly-coupled servo/mechanical design of high-TPI HDD system above 100 kTPI. The major two disturbance energies which are related with mechanical vibrations inside of HDD are used to predict the drive-level PES, while considering closed-loop servo dynamics. One is the torque disturbance which mainly comes from aerodynamic excitation of HSA system and the other is the displacement disturbance from disk-spindle dynamics. In order to obtain the accurate error transfer function of closed-loop servo control, the plant model is measured by accurate experiment. The measured PES is compared with predicted one in terms of frequency-domain PES spectrum and its standard variation value. It is proved that the proposed frequency-domain PES estimation/prediction method is capable of predicting drive-level PES of high-TPI hard disk drive.

• 소음진동
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1995

A criterion for the selection of spindle motor speeds in a hard disk drive (HDD) is investigated to guarantee stability and reduce nonrepeatable runout of a spining disk. Since the natural frequencies of the spining disk and the forced frequencies generated from the spindle motor depend on the rotating speed, careful consideration should be taken to avoid the resonance between the disk and motor. To do this, the natural frequencies of the spining disk are calculated and they are compared with the forced frequencies from the spindle motor.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2007

하드 디스크(Hard Disk) 결함의 표준 패턴 클래스는 6가지로 분류되며, 이는 하드 디스크 생산 공정의 불량 처리 과정에서 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 다층 퍼셉트론(Multi-Layer Perceptron)을 이용한 하드 디스크 결함 분포의 패턴 인식 기법을 제시한다. 결함 분포로부터 5가지의 특징들을 추출하고, 이를 이용하여 퍼셉트론의 입력을 구성하였으며, 미리 분류된 표준 패턴 클래스를 이용하여 퍼셉트론의 출력을 구성하였다. 구성된 입출력 데이터들은 오차 역전파(Error Back-Propagation) 알고리듬을 통하여 다층 퍼셉트론의 학습에 사용되었다. 테스트 결과 제시된 신경망은 하드 디스크의 패턴 분류에 만족할 만한 성능을 나타내었다.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

Recently, Flash Memory Drives are one of the best media to support portable and desktop computers' storage devices. Their features include non-volatility, low power consumption, and fast access time for read operations, which are sufficient to present flash memories as major database storage components for desktop and server computers. However, we need to improve traditional storage management schemes based on HDD(Hard Disk Drive) and RAID(Redundant Array of Independent Disks) due to the relatively slow or freezing characteristics of write operations of SSDs, as compared to fast read operations. In order to achieve this goal, we propose a new storage management scheme called Hetero-Mirroring based on traditional HDD mirroring scheme. Hetero-Mirroring-based storage management improves RAID-1 operation performance by balancing write-workloads and delaying write operations to avoid SSD freezing.