• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.413-418
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• 1998

Intracardiac velocities were determined and the wave-forms described for 4 flow areas of the normal canine heart following administration of chemical restraint drugs including xylazine HCl, ketamine HCl, and thiopental sodium using pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography. The result was that xylazine HCl and thiopental sodium reduced intracardiac flow velocities through mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary valves. It is also thought that precautions are required before using these drugs. Patterns of wave-forms had no changes between control and treatment groups. Doppler echocardiography allows the clinician to determine flow velocities across the different valves and within the various chambers of the heart. It is shown that establishing normal values and those related to chemical restraint administrations and knowing what influences them should allow the clinician to non-invasively diagnose a variety of pathological cardiac conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.782-784
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• 2008

Ag/Ni bimetallic cluster loading on porous carbon fibers was accomplished in order to enhance the HCl removal efficiency of the carbons. The surface properties of the Ag/Ni/carbons were determined by XRD and SEM. N2/77 K adsorption isotherms were investigated using BET and Boers t-plot methods. The HCl removal efficiency was confirmed by a gas chromatography technique, and it was found that that efficiency was predominantly improved in the presence of Ag/Ni clusters compared with the efficiencies of the as-received and single-metal-plated carbons. This indicates that synergetic reactions exist between Ag/Ni and HCl gas, resulting in advanced HCl removal capacity of porous carbons.

• 약학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.240-245
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• 1975

The quantitative analysis of ethambutol.2HCl as well as commercial ehambutol preparations was undertaken by gas-liquid chromatography by finding optimum conditions, such as the use of internal standard, stability of an ethambutol-2HCl-caffeine standard solution, and the effect of column temperature, N, O-bis-(trimethylsily) acetamide [B.S.A.] concentrations and other substances present in the preparations. Under the chromatiographic conditions, an ethambutol-2HCl. caffeine standard, 9 min, 30sec. The relative molar response of ethambutol.2HCl and caffeine studied was 2.08. Ethambutol.2HCl could be quantitated up to 1$\times$10$^{-8}$ moles. the possible decomposition of B.S.A. due to the moisture when tested and the incoplete reaction for silylation could be minimized.

• 약학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.303-307
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• 1983

Pipethanate*HCl reacts with ammonium cobaltothiocyanate to form a stable ion pair which has an absorption maximum at 626nm. The reaction product was insoluble in water but freely soluble in most organic solvents. 1, 2-Dichloroethane was the best extracting solvent among the several organic solvents. Pipethanate*HCl can be determined not only by the spectrophotometry but also inderectly by estimation of cobalt in the organic phase by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Linear relationship was found between absorbance and concentration in the range of $1.0{\times}10^{-3}~4.0{\times}10^{-3}M$ by spectrophotometry and $1.5{\times}10^{-4}~4.0{\times}10^{-4}M$ by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. With this method it was possible to determine pipethanate$\cdot$HCl in the pharmaceutical preparations.

• Carbon letters
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2004

The atmospheric pressure plasma treatments ($Ar/O_2$ and $Ar/N_2$) of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were carried out to introduce hydrophilic functional groups on carbon surfaces in order to enhance the hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) adsorption. Surface properties of the ACFs were determined by XPS and SEM. $N_2$/77 K adsorption isotherms were investigated by BET and D-R (Dubinin-Radushkevich) plot methods. The HCl removal efficiency was confirmed by HCl detecting tubes (range:1~40 or 40~1000 ppm). As experimental results, it was found that all plasma-treated ACFs showed the decrease in the pore volume, but the HCl removal efficiency showed higher level than that of the untreated ACFs. This result indicated that the plasma treatments led to the conformation of hydrophilic functional groups on the carbon surfaces, resulting in the increase of the interaction between the ACFs and HCl gas.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.312-318
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• 1989

Microcapsule of Propranolol HCl with Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) by coacervation-phase separation method was studied. Encapsulation was carried out in the CAP-liquid paraffin-acetone ethanol solvent system. The optimum weight ratio for microencapsulation in the CAP-liquid paraffin-solvent system was 1.32:89.18:9.50 or 1.65:89.42:8.93. The wall thickness of microcapsules increased according to increasing of CAP concentration, but dissolution rate decreased. The dissolution of propranolol-HCl in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid test solution was completed within 3 min., but T50% of propranolol HCl from 10.0% CAP-microcapsules were 390 min. and 210 min. respectively. The released amount from 12.5% CAP-microcapsules was 41.8% within 720 min. in simulatd gastric fluid test solution and T50% of those in simulated intestinal fluid test solution was 250 min.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2005

The pellets with multiple drug release system (MDRS) of Diltiazem. HCl which consist of immediate drug release layer, drug reservoir layer and controlled release rate membrane, were prepared by using CF-Coater. As main factors for more effective MDRS of Diltiazem. HCl, ethylcellulose was used for the controlling drug release rate, and diethylphthalate was used for plasticizer, respectively. In vitro evaluation study was performed by comparative dissolution test between our test MDRS and reference Diltiazem. HCl preparation. The physical tests were performed using FT-IR and SEM. In vivo evaluation was also performed by observing the behavior of a plasma drug concentration after oral administration. The bioavailability was determined by analyzing the blood sample after oral administration to healthy, male volunteers once a day. As a result, there were no significant differences in bioequivalence parameters $(AUC_{\infty},\;C_{max},\;t_{1/2})$ between two systems. It might be concluded that our MDRS of Diltiazem. HCl could be an alternative delivery system to reference drug preparation.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.410-415
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• 2005

To investigate biological activity of noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin, we measured the antioxidant activity through vitro assay and cellular system. Both water and lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts dose-dependently scav­enged DPPH radical. Superoxide scavenging activity of lipid soluble fraction after treating HCl and trypsin was significantly more potent than those of other fractions in NBT/xanthine oxidase assay, which suggests that antioxidant activity of noni extracts was increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. In antioxidant assay using RBL 2H3 cells, water soluble frac­tion of noni extracts had little effect on silica-induced reactive oxygen species generation, whereas lipid soluble fraction inhibited in a dose dependent manner. In non-treated noni extracts, effect of water soluble fraction on silica/$CuSO_4$-induced lipid peroxidation was more potent than that of lipid soluble fraction. However, the effects of noni extracts were reversed in noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin. These data suggest that water soluble substances may be converted into lipid soluble substances by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. From the above results, it is suggested that lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts contain antioxidant used in vitro assay and RBL 2H3 cellular system. Such an effect of noni extracts may be increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2010

A Persian chinchila (2 years old, intact female) and a Korean domestic shorthaired cat (3 months, intact male) were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with tachypnea. The two cats were diagnosed as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) by blood and blood chemical examination, radiographic examination, RT-PCR and electrophoresis analysis of pleural effusion. Thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (Ozagrel HCl, 5 mg/kg, twice a day) was administered to the Persian chinchila and Korean domestic shorthair for 13 days and 16 days, respectively. Pleural effusion disappeared after treatment with Ozagrel HCl. Further study is needed to establish a new application protocol of Ozagrel HCl for FIP cases.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1997

In order to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of enrofloxacin-HCL)ENFLX-HCL) and enrofloxacin-KOH (ENFLX-KOH) after oral administration in broiler chickens, the study was performed. The chickens used in this study weighed $1.82 {\pm}0.2 kg$ and clinically healthy. The dose of intravenous and lral administration was 5 mg per kg of body weight as enrofloxacin. After intravenous injection of enrofloxacin, it showed two-compartment model with the rapid distribution phase and the slow elimination phase. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 2.70 l/kg. The mean half-life of elimination and distribution showed 8.26 h and 0.44 h, respectively. The mean area under curve (AUC) was calculated as $19.7 {\mu} g{\cdot} h/ml$. After oral administration of ENFLX-HCL and ENFLX-KOH with a rate of dose 5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg of body weight, Both of the products were showed one-compartment model unlike that of i.v. enrofloxacin standard solution showed the mean bioavailability of 79.64% for the ENFLX-KOG and 86.24% for the ENFLX-HCL. The mean total body clearance of the former was 0.24 l/kg/h and the latter 0.42 l/kg/h. Both enorfloxacin formulations seemed to have good tissue distribution and penetration as indicated by large volume of distribution : 2.72 l/kg for the -KOH and 4.44 l/kg for the -HCL. With the results obtained in this study, ENFLX-HCL could be used in place of its salt form in chickens.