• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.544-553
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• 2017

There is an overall guideline of the installation of air quality monitoring stations in Korea, but specified steps for the selection of monitoring sites for hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) are not provided. In this study, we proposed a systematic method for the selection of monitoring sites for HAPs using geographic information system (GIS). As a case study, the Seoul metropolitan area (Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province) was chosen, and 15 factors including population, vehicle registration, and emission data were compiled for each grid cell ($7km{\times}7km$). The number of factors above the top 30% of individual data for each grid cell was used to select priority monitoring sites for HAPs. In addition, several background sites were added for data comparison and source identification. Three scenarios were suggested: Scenario 1 with 7 sites, Scenario 2 with 17 sites, and Scenario 3 with 30 sites. This proposal is not the final result for an intensive monitoring program, but it is an example of method development for selecting appropriate sampling sites. These results can be applied not only to HAPs monitoring in megacities but also to the national HAPs monitoring network.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3755-3761
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• 2013

This study aims to assess the ecological risk of the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) emitted in the semiconductor manufacturing processes in Korea by using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR, EPA, US, EPI $Suite^{TM}$ 4.1). Owing to the absence of environmental standards of hazardous air pollutants in the semiconductor manufacturing processes in Korea, 18 HAPs in the semiconductor field included in both the US EPA NESHAPs and the hazardous air pollutant list of Ministry of Environment in Korea were selected. As a results 8 chemicals (44.4%) of the selected 18 HAPs were VOCs. Cyanides (cyanides) and ethylene oxides (epoxy resins), and tetrachloro-ethylene (aliphatic compounds, halides) showed long half-lives. Cyanide HAPs especially had the highest half-life with the estimated value of 356.533 days. Nickel compounds (heavy metal compounds) possessed the highest water solubility followed by acetaldehyde (aldehyde compounds), ethylene oxides, and 1,4-dioxanes. The halides, including tetrachloro-ethylenes, carbon tetra-chlorides, benzene (aromatic compounds), and lead (heavy metals), are estimated to take the longest time for biodegradation. Tetrachloroethylene, with the acute toxicity end point of 3.685-7.033 mg/L, was assessed to be the most highly toxic substance among the 18 HAPs. However, considering the absence of the HAPs in the common category of log $K_{ow}{\geq}4$and $BCF{\geq}500$, which indicates the standard of bioconcentration potentials, potentials of the bioconcentration are considered to be low.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권9B호
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• pp.602-609
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 HAPS 서비스 커버리지 내의 셀 구조로서 광역 서비스가 가능하고 동일 채널 간섭을 억제하면서 주파수 이용 효율을 높이기 위해 지상 이동 통신 시스템과 유사한 셀룰러를 가정하여 매크로 셀과 마이크로 셀이 혼재하는 계층적 셀 구조의 성능을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 기존 지상 이동 통신 시스템에서 사용되고 있는 인접 셀 간섭 계수를 도입하여 매크로 셀에 미치는 마이크로 셀의 간섭영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 HAPS는 지상 이동 통신 시스템과는 다르게 셀 간의 간섭 영향은 셀 간의 거리에는 크게 영향이 없고 마이크로 셀의 유저의 수 및 전력제어 계수 퐁에 의해 지배적으로 영향을 받으므로 이 계수를 적절히 조절한다면 매크로 셀 간에 마이크로 셀 삽입에 의한 계층적 구조를 실현할 수가 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.152-153
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• 2006

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.324-326
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• 2007

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.592-593
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• 2009

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.713-721
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• 2013

This study is about emission characteristics of HAPs and particulate matters emitted by spray of paint and organic solvent usually used in vehicle paint facilities. To analyze emission characteristics of HAPs and particulate matters emitted from vehicle paint facilities are calculated based on the measuring emission quantity of pollutants based on the amount of paint used (kg) and unit area ($m^2$) by paint manufacturers (J company, K company, and R company). In cases of paint manufacturers (J, K, and R), average emission factors of VOCs, carbonyl compound, particulate matter, and PAHs per 1 kg of paint were 327.81 g/kg, 5.98 g/kg, 336.70 g/kg, and 0.0078 g/kg respectively. The average emission factors of VOCs, carbonyl compounds, particulate matters, and PAHs by unit area were $171.55g/m^2$, $3.10g/m^2$, $176.27g/m^2$, and $0.0036g/m^2$ respectively.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) are difficult to measure, analyze and assess for risk because of low ambient concentrations and varieties. Types of HAPs are Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and Aldehydes. HAP emissions from vehicles are a contributor to serious adverse health effects in urban areas. In this study, hazardous air pollutant emissions from road transport vehicles by Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) weight fraction and PAHs emission factors are estimated in 2008. The top-five-most hazardous air pollutant emissions were estimated to toluene 864.3 ton/yr, acrolein 690.6 ton/yr, acetaldehyde 554.5 ton/yr, formaldehyde 498.7 ton/yr, propionaldehyde 421.6 ton/yr in 2008. The results for a cancer and non-cancer risk assessment of HAPs emissions show that the major cancer driver is formaldehyde and the non-cancer driver is acrolein.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권1A호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2006

이 논문은 최근 대두되고 있는 DMB 서비스와 차세대 이동통신의 새로운 해결 후보 기술로 다시 부각된 HAPS를 이용한 성층권 고공 항등체 탑재용 DMB 트랜스폰더의 지표면 수신전계 강도를 지상 수평 전파 모델과 비교한 것이다. 기존 지상 수평전파를 이용한 DMB 서비스의 요구되는 최저 수신 전계강도 $42.56\;dB{\mu}V/m$로 이를 충족하기 위해 1KW의 출력이 필요한데 비해 고공전파통신은 약 1천분의 1에 해당한 1W로 10Km와 20Km 상공에서 각각 거리별 서비스가 가능함을 시뮬레이션을 통해서 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 양질의 회절과 간섭이 없는 청정 전파는 향후 신기통신의 매체로서 지상 수평전파를 대치할 수 있는 새로운 제 3의 전파자원으로 활용이 가능함을 확인할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2022

Satellite communication for high altitude platform stations (HAPS) and low earth orbit (LEO) systems suffer from dust and sand (DU&SA) storms in the desert regions such as Saudi Arabia. These attenuations have a distorting effect on signal fidelity at high frequency of operations. This results signal to noise ratio (SNR) to dramatically decreasing and leads to wireless transmission error. The main focus in this paper is to propose common relations between HAPS and LEO for the atmospheric impairments affecting the satellite communication networks operating above Ku-band crossing the propagation path. A double phase three dimensional relationship for HAPS and LEO systems is then presented. The comparison model present the analysis of atmospheric attenuation with specific focus on sand and dust based on particular size, visibility, adding gaseous effects for different frequency, and propagation angle to provide system operations with a predicted vision of satellite parameters' values. Skillful decision and control system (SD&CS) is proposed to control applied parameters that lead to improve satellite network performance and to get the ultimate receiving wireless signal under bad weather condition.