• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.350-356
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• 1994

Purpose : Hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m-macroggregated albumin (HAPS) study was carried out in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and in six patients without liver tumor to evaluate HAPS findings of hepatocellular carcinoma and usefullness of HAPS. Materials and Methods : HAPS with planar and SPECT study were performed in 22 patients after conventional hepatic or celiac arteriography. For HAPS study, 4-5 mCi of MAA mixed with 2ml of saline was injected into proper hepatic artery or its distal branches at the rate of approximately 1ml/sec. We analysed 21 HCCs over 2cm in diameter(average diameter; 6.4cm) and 17 of 21 HCCs were over 4cm in diameter(Table 1). CT, sonography and angiography were performed within two week in all 16 patients and liver scan was performed in 12 patients. Results : Three different pattern of tumor perfusion were observed in 16 patients with HCC (Table 2). 1) diffuse increased perfusion in 16 of 21(76%)(Fig. 1) 2) increased peripheral perfusion in 4 of 21(19%) (Fig. 2) 3) diffuse decreased perfusion in 1 of 21 (5%) Arteriovenous shunt indicated by lung uptake of MAA were observed in 9 of 16(56%)(Fig. 4). In contrast, angiography demonstrates arteriovenous shunt in 2 of 16(13%). There was no accumulation of radioactivity on RBC-blood pool scan in all six patients with HCC examined (Fig. 1). Conclusion : HAPS is useful study in evaluation of perfusion pattern or vascularity of HCC and in detection of arteriovenous shunt.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권12A호
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• pp.1966-1973
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 차세대 통신 인프라로 부상하고 있는 성층권 통신시스템에 대하여 간략하게 소개하며 이를 통해 고품질의 서비스를 제공하기 위한 방법으로 다양한 형태의 오류정정부호를 제안한다. 성층권 통신시스템은 고주파수 특성에 의한 강우 감쇠, 대기 산란 등으로 인해 신호전력의 저하가 심하므로 부호화 이득이 높은 연접부호의 사용이 바람직하며 이러한 연접부호를 설계하기 위해 본 논문에서는 성층권 통신시스템 국외 개발업체가 제안한 연접부호와 최근의 부호이론 분야에서 각광받고 있는 반복복호법을 사용한 다양한 형태의 연접부호들의 성능을 비교 분석한다.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.202-211
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• 2021

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) have been regulated by the Air Pollution Control Act (1978) and their atmospheric concentrations have been monitored in 39 monitor sites in Korea. However, measurement standards of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HAPs at ambient levels have not been established in Korea. Primary reference gas mixtures (measurement standards) at ambient levels are required for accurately monitoring atmospheric VOCs in HAPs and managing their emissions. In this study, primary reference gas mixtures (PRMs) at 5 nmol/mol were developed in order to establish primary national standards of VOCs in HAPs at ambient levels. Primary reference gas mixtures (PRMs) were prepared in pressurized aluminum cylinders with special internal surface treatment using gravimetric method. Analytical methods using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) coupled with a cryogenic preconcentrator were also developed to verify the consistency of gravimetrically prepared HAP VOCs PRMs. Three different columns installed in the GC-FID were evaluated and compared for the retention times and separation of eighteen target components in a chromatogram. Results show that the HAP VOCs PRMs at 5 nmol/mol were consistent within a relative expanded uncertainty (k=2) of less than 3 % except acrylonitrile (less than 6 %) and the 18 VOCs were stable for 1 year within their associated uncertainties.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2022

The current state of telecommunications infrastructure in the Arctic does not allow providing a wide range of required services for people, businesses and other categories, which necessitates the use of non-traditional approaches to its organization. The paper proposes an innovative approach to building a combined communication network based on tethered high-altitude platform station (HAPS) located at an altitude of 1-7 km and connected via radio channels with terrestrial and satellite communication networks. Network configuration and composition of telecommunication equipment placed on HAPS and located on the terrestrial and satellite segment of the network was justified. The availability of modern equipment and the distributed structure of such an integrated network will allow, unlike existing networks (Iridium, Gonets, etc.), to organize personal mobile communications, data transmission and broadband Internet up to 100 Mbps access for mobile and fixed subscribers, rapid transmission of information from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). A substantiation of the possibility of achieving high network capacity in various paths is presented: inter-platform radio links, subscriber radio links, HAPS feeder lines - terrestrial network gateway, HAPS radio links - satellite retransmitter (SR), etc. The economic efficiency of the proposed solution is assessed.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2008

본고에서는 20km-50km 성층권상공에 위치하는 HAPS(High Altitude Platform Station) 구현을 위한 최근의 연구동향에 대해 알아본다. 기존의 지상 및 위성통신시스템에 비해 HAPS만의 고유의 특징을 살려 3G 이상의 광대역 이동 통신서비스 및 재난재해 응용 등 일본, 미국, 유럽에서 차세대 HAPS에 대한 연구를 활발히 진행하고 있는 시점에서 이들의 연구동향을 분석하여 소개함으로 서, 향후 국내에서도 국가적인 차원의 HAPS 연구개발이 활발히 이루어질 수 있는 계기가 마련될 수 있으리라 기대한다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.41-44
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• 2010

Hazardous air pollutants such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzene, formaldehyde have been concerned about the adverse health effect of long-term exposure. Contour map is useful for finding high-concentration region, emission source, and distributions of HAPs in the ambient air. To make a contour map, we have developed simple analytical method for selected HAPs; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as BaP, benzene and its derivatives such as toluene and xylene, and aldehydes and ketones. We have applied these methods to investigate air pollution by HAPs in some cities in Japan. The results show that these methods reveal actual emission sources if the PRTR emission report was not submitted.

• 위성통신과 우주산업
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• 제13권1호통권28호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2006

HAPS(High Altitude Platform Station) which is defined as a station located on an object at an altitude of 20 to 50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to the earth is promising technology capable of providing broadband multimedia services. In this study, economical aspects of HAPS service are analyzed by estimating the revenue and costs incurred by the service. To evaluate the profitability of HAPS service, the number of subscribers is estimated and then the net present value (NPV), payback period, and the rate of return on investment (ROI) are calculated under various scenarios

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제15권5호통권65호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2000

WRC-2000 회의를 계기로 성층권 통신시스템용 주파수가 새롭게 분배됨에 따라 정보통신 인프라가 취약한 후진국 및 개도국뿐만 아니라 여러 선진국들을 중심으로 성층권 비행선을 이용한 통신 및 무선응용 서비스의 활용에 대해서 관심이 점점 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 성층권 통신시스템의 개요를 소개하고 WRC-2000 회의의 HAPS(High Altitude Platform Station) 관련 주요 의제 및 진행 경과와 결과를 중심으로 국제 표준화 동향을 알아보고자 한다. 그리고 현재 미국, 일본 및 유럽 등 몇몇 기술 선진국을 중심으로 진행되고 있는 성층권 통신시스템 개발과 관련하여 기술 개발 동향에 대해서 살펴보고 성층권 통신시스템(HAPS)의 기대효과 및 향후 전망에 대해서 논의하고자 한다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2021

Satellite communication for high altitude platform stations (HAPS) and geostationary orbit (GEO) systems suffers from sand and dust (SANDU) storms in desert and arid regions. The focus of this paper is to propose common relations between HAPS and GEO for the atmospheric impairments affecting the satellite communication networks operating above Ku-band crossing the propagation path. A double phase three-dimensional relationship for HAPS and GEO systems is then presented. The comparison model present the analysis of atmospheric attenuation with specific focus on sand and dust based on particular size, visibility, adding gas effects for different frequency, and propagation angle to provide systems' operations with a predicted vision of satellite parameters' values. Thus, the proposed system provides wide range of selecting applicable parameters, under different weather conditions, in order to achieve better SNR for satellite communication.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.269-270
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• 2006