• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2002

This study was carried out to determine the effect of chemical fertilizer and two fermented types of pig slurry on the total dry matter yield and quality of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and chemical properties of soil after harvest in Jeju area. Three treatments consisted of chemical fertilizer (CF) 200kg 7kg Nha $^1$, aerobic fermented pig slurry (PS)200kg 7kg Nha $^1$, and aerobic fermented pig slurry treated with probiotics (PS+P) 200kg 7kg Nha $^1$were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The heights of plant applied fermented pig slurry were slightly taller than those of plants applied chemical fertilizer during early growing stage, but there was no difference among treatments when the plants were harvested. The total forage dry matter yields were in the range of 14,848~ 15,42kg/ha, but they were not significantly different. Also, CP, NDF, ADF and mineral contents in the forage(% of DM basis) did not differ among treatments. The pH of soil was ranged from 5.35 to 5.63, but it was not significantly different. However, the content of available $P_2O_5$ of soil was higher(P<0.05) in chemical fertilizer treatment than that of soil in fermented pig slurry treatments. The content of K was higher(p<0.05) when ffrrmented pig slurry treated with probiotics was applied after the 1st harvest. but it was not different among treatments after the and harvest.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2018

본 연구는 참우드풀과 우드풀의 중간형으로 알려진 좀우드풀(Woodsia intermedia Tagawa)의 전엽체 증식 및 포자체 형성을 위한 기내 외 번식조건을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 실험재료는 포자를 발아시켜 획득한 전엽체를 8주 간격으로 계대배양하면서 확보하였다. 전엽체 증식에 적합한 배양조건을 탐색하고자, 전엽체 300mg을 다진 후 배지종류(Knop, 1/4, 1/2 및 1MS)와 배지구성물질(sucrose와 활성탄)의 농도를 달리하여 8주간 배양하였다. 배양실은 온도 $25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$와 광도 $30{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(16/8h)로 조절되었다. 연구결과, Knop배지에서 생체중이 2.4g으로 전엽체의 증식이 가장 왕성하였다. 한편 MS계열 배지는 농도에 관계없이 매우 저조한 증식을 보였다. Sucrose는 0.5%를 첨가한 배지에서 생체중의 증가량이 가장 컸으며, 활성탄은 첨가농도에 관계없이 유사한 증식수준을 나타냈다. 포자체 형성에 적합한 토양조건을 확인하고자, 인공토양(원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트 및 마사토)의 비율을 달리하여 5종류의 혼합토양을 조성하였다. 혼합토양을 사각분($7.5{\times}7.5{\times}7.5cm$)에 충진하고, 준비된 전엽체 1g을 10초간 분쇄한 다음 토양표면에 분주하여 11주간 재배하였다. 재배환경은 온도 $25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 광도 $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(16/8h) 및 습도 $72{\pm}2.0%$로 조절되었다. 연구결과, 모든 처리구에서 포자체의 형성이 확인되었으며, 특히 원예상토와 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼합한 토양에서 포트당 421.0개의 많은 포자체가 형성되었다. 다음으로 원예상토와 펄라이트를 2:1(v:v)로 혼용한 토양, 원예상토, 피트모스, 마사토를 1:1:1(v:v:v)로 혼합한 토양, 원예상토 단용, 원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트를 1:1:1(v:v:v)로 혼합한 토양 순으로 각 228.0, 203.3, 126.8, 91.5개 형성되었다. 따라서 좀우드풀의 포자체를 대량으로 생산하기 위해서는 원예상토와 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼용한 토양에 전엽체를 분주하여 재배하는 방법이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.414-421
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Jeung-pyun containing 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% Rudbeckia laciniata L. powder. In this study, increase in the content of Rudbeckia laciniata L. powder led to an increase in pH, hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness, and gumminess while moisture of Jeung-pyun had decreased. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the pores in Jeung-pyun merged leading to a decrease in the number of pores, while the pore size increased along with the increase in R. laciniata L. content. In the sensory evaluation tests, Jeung-pyun with 5% R. laciniata L. powder showed the best results. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of Jeung-pyun increased with the addition of R. laciniata L. powder. Based on these results, we conclude that R. laciniata L. has good quality characteristics and antioxidant activity, making it a good ingredient for Jeung-pyun.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 2010

This work was carried out to investigate chemical composition and meat quality of crossbred Korean native chickens (KNC). Ninety 1-d male chicks were used in this work and were divided into 4 groups as A: (KNC egg-meat type C strains $\times$ KNC meat type S strains) (female) $\times$ KNC meat type H strains (male), B: (KNC egg-meat type C strains $\times$ KNC meat type H strains) (female) $\times$ KNC meat type S strains (male), C: (KNC native R strains $\times$ KNC meat type S strains) (female) $\times$ KNC meat type H strains (male), D: (KNC native L strains $\times$ KNC meat type H strains) (female) $\times$ Ross broiler (male) strains. They were fed the broiler diets for 12 weeks at the flat house and twenty seven chickens were slaughtered at week 5 and 10. Chicken thigh and breast were weighed and physicochemical compositions and sensory characteristics were investigated. Physical compositions of meats have no difference among strains at 5 week, and B strains differed from other strains at 10 week (P<0.05). The pH, moisture, and collagen content of meat from B strains were lower than other strains at 5 week. Ash and collagen of A strains were the lowest at 10 week (P<0.05), but others have no difference among strains. In sensory test, juiciness of D strains was the highest at 5 week, and tenderness of B strains was the lowest at 10 week (P<0.05). In conclusion, the crossbreeding of KNC did not affect physical traits but affected chemical composition of the chicken meat slaughtered at 5 week.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.413-421
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• 1999

Background: Ischemia reperfusion injury is known to contribute to the major causes of the early graft failure in lung transplantation. Triiodothyronine (T3) has been suggested to ameliorate ischemia reperfusion injury from both in vivo and in vitro experiments of various organs. Prospecting its beneficial effect for pulmonary allograft preservation, we made a new solution by adding T3 into the extracellular type dextran solution. Material and Method: Twelve adult mongrel dogs underwent left lung allotransplantation. Six donor dogs were flushed with the new solution(Group 1, n=6), and the remaining six were flushed with Euro-Collins solution to serve as controls(Group 2, n=6). Allografts were stored in each preservation solution for 20 hours at 4$^{\circ}C$. Left single lung transplantations were performed. The right pulmonary artery and the right main bronchus were clamped at 15 minutes after the reperfusion and maintained throughout the experiment to evaluate the transplanted left lung function. Result: Arterial carbon dioxide tension was better in group 1 than in group 2 throughout the experiment period and the difference was statistically significant at 2 hours after reperfusion(28.0${\pm}$3.0 mmHg and 53.1${\pm}$17.4 mmHg, p<0.05). The differences of arterial oxygen partial pressure, peak airway pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance showed no statistical significance. The malondialdehyde(MDA) level, measured from tissue obtained at 120 minutes after reperfusion showed no statistically significant difference. The tissue wet/dry ratio of group 1(649${\pm}$27 %) was significantly lower than that of group 2(686${\pm}$71 %, p<0.05). The microscopic examination revealed varying degrees of injury represented mainly by findings such as perivascular neutrophil infiltration, capillary hemorrhage and interstitial congestion. These findings were less severe in group 1 than those in group 2. Conclusion: The new solution demonstrated superior allograft preservation after 20 hour ischemia compared to Euro-Collins solution in canine single left lung transplantation model, these results suggest that T3 might be a promising agent for pulmonary allograft preservation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.412-421
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• 2012

The yerba mate that grows in the subtropical forests of South America is an evergreen tree within the Aquifoliaceae family. The yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) tea is habitually used as a drink in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil. A wild mate tree needs about 25 years to fully grow to 15 a height of meters; however, they only grow to a height of 3-5 meters when cultivated. The leaves are 7-11 cm long and 3-5cm wide with a serrated margin. Yerba mate tea-based beverages are made from the leaves and stems of the mate tree. It is known that they contain a rich content of antioxidants and polyphenol, vitamins, amino acids, minerals and colorants. Dyeing properties of a mate plant in the silk, wool, linen and cotton fabrics were investigated. Constituents of colorant of mate tea are chlorophyll and carotinoid; in addition, it has more minerals such as (Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg, Na, K, Zn, and Cu) than green tea. Mate tea colorants showed good affinity to silk and wool fabrics. It was found that the optimum condition for dyeing was 30 minutes for dyeing time, 7 for pH of dyebath, and at a dyeing temperature of $80^{\circ}C$. The maximum absorbance wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of silk and wool fabrics dyed with mate tea were at 420-440nm; however, that of linen and cotton fabrics were at 400nm. K/S values of fabrics dyed under optimum conditions were 1.979 for silk fabrics, 1.541 for wool fabrics, 0.551 for linens and 0.465 for cotton fabrics. Munsell hue values of dyed fabrics measured 3.1Y-6.4GY for silk, 1.4Y-8.3Y for wool, 5.5Y-3.7GY for linen, and 5.3Y-1.3GY for cotton. All dyed fabrics showed hues in-between greenish yellow and greenyellow. Colorfastness to rubbing, perspiration and dry-cleaning of dyed fabrics with mate tea were very good; however, the grades of colorfastness to washing of dyed linen and cotton fabrics were poor, and colorfastness to light were poor.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.421-439
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• 2003

Statement of problem : It is difficult to obtain a good titanium casting body using the traditional sprue design because of high melting point of Ti, and the low fluidity and high reactivity of molten Ti. Purpose : A new sprue design for titanium casting bodies needs more trial and error. In order to decrease the number of trial and error, computer simulation(MAGMASOFT, Magmasoft Giessereitechnologie GmbH, Achen, Germany) was used to optimize sprue design in U-shaped implant superstructures. Material and method : Five kinds of sprue were examined for the design of the sprue former for titanium casting: Sprue design A(sprue length 4 mm, rectangular shape, 4 sprues), Sprue design B(sprue length 4 mm. round shape. radius 2 mm, 7 sprues), Sprue design C (sprue length 2 mm, round shape, radius 2 mm, 7 sprues). Sprue design D (sprue length 2 mm, cone shape, large radius 3mm. small radius 2mm, 7 sprues), and Sprue design E( sprue length 2 mm. one unit channel shape). Sprue design F(sprue length 2mm, one unit channel shape) was also examined for the design of the customized sprue former in the Biotan system(Schutz Dental Gmbh, Germany). The casting bodies were taken in Sprue design A, Sprue design D, Sprue design E, and Sprue design F in the Biotan casting system. The numerically predicted defects were compared with the experimental dental castings by the radiographic and sectional view observations. Results : 1. According to the result of computer simulation, turbulence during mold filling was decreased in the sequence of Sprue design F, Sprue design E, Sprue design D, Sprue design C, Sprue design B, and Sprue design A. 2. The calculated solidification time contours indicate that hot spot was moved from the casting body to the sprue button in the sequence of Sprue design A, Sprue design B, Sprue design C, Sprue design D, and Sprue design E. The filling pattern of Sprue design F was similar to that of Sprue design E. 3 The predicted filling pattern shows that less turbulence was found in the customized sprue former than in the standard sprue former. 4. According to the results of the radiographic and cross sectional observations, casting defects less than 1mm were found at the center of a casting body with Sprue design E and Sprue design F. However, larger casting defects of 4mm were found in a casting with Sprue design A. 5. The predicted casting porosity was similar to that of the real casting. Conclusion : One unit channel-type and customized sprue former can be recommended. Further research and developement of various sprue designs using computer simulation in necessary to optimize casting design, in order to reduce the formation of casting defects in implant titanuim super-structures.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.411-421
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the key factors that contribute to landslide causes through swelling clay minerals and terrain analysis in landslide sites taken place of in Yongin city, Gyeonggi-do, 2011. The study was conducted based on field survey by XRD (X-ray Diffraction), XRF (X-ray fluorescence), spectroscopic analysis on soil samples obtained from landslide sites and ASTER satellite image. Illite shows absorption features; $Fe^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ at 0.9 and $1.0{\mu}m$, broad water absorption features near 1.4 and $1.9{\mu}m$, and additional Al-hydroxyl features at 2.2, 2.3 and $2.4{\mu}m$, respectively. These absorption features are consistent with the bands 5, 6, and 7 of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) satellite image. Illite image was extracted using band math of $SWIR_{Illite}$. From these results, we confirmed the applicability of ASTER satellite image using identification of swelling clay minerals to landslide study.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the reproductive performance of average (less than 10,000 liters milk in 305 days) and high yielding (more than 10,000 liters milk in 305 days) Holstein cattle at commercial dairy herds (n=22). Data on milk progesterone (10 to 60 days postpartum), days to post-partum estrous, days to post-partum conception, service per conception and calving interval were recorded for two consecutive years. Post-partum milk progesterone concentration and days to reach peak milk progesterone concentration were similar in high and average yielding cows. High yielding cows took more days to show signs of first postpartum estrous than average yielding cows. Post-partum conception was 20 days earlier in average yielding cows than high yielding cows. Artificial insemination per conception was similar between average and high yielding cows. Calving interval was 26.9 days longer in high yielding cows compared to average yielding cows. In conclusion, better reproductive and feeding management may help improve the reproductive performance of high yielding dairy cattle in commercial dairy farms.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.421-426
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• 1986

This study was attempted to find out effective storage methods of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018, industrial strain for fermented mil k production, without severe bacterial death and activity deteriorations. The cryoprotective effect of the ammo acid mixture consisting of glycine and DL-g1utamic acid on the test strain were examined and also compared with those other protectants already reported. The apparent protective effect by the amino acid mixture was observed to controls. Both glycine and DL-glutamic acid prevented the freezing death of test strain and his effect of 1. casei YIT 9018 had reached stationary stage in MRS-broth 18h after inoculation. Cells harvested from stationary stage were most resistant to freezing damage. The viability of the test strain was affected by rehydration media and the recovery of viable cells was increased about threefold when amino acid mixture was used for rehydration. The presence of non-fat milk solid (NFMS), sucrose and lactose in amino acid mixture increased viability of the test strain up to 85％. In this case, optimal concentrations of NFMS, sucrose and lactose were 10％, 7.5-10％, 7.5-10％, respectively.