• Title/Summary/Keyword: H1N1 influenza

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Views on the Orientation of Science in Decision-Making Revealed in Undergraduate Students' Discussion on Socio-Scientific Issues

  • Jho, Hunkoog;Song, Jinwoong;Levinson, Ralph
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.581-596
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study was to identify students' views on the orientation of science and to investigate the relationship between their views and decision-making on socio-scientific issues (SSI). In this study, 27 university students attending a science course were asked to discuss four controversial issues: the Toyota recall, the green car, the global warming and swine influenza (influenza A (H1N1)). The study was comprised of two stages. At the first stage, we examined students' views on the nature of science and on the orientation of science with the open-ended questionnaire based on VNOS and VOSTS. While they held relatively similar views on the nature of science, their views on the orientation of science were distinct as pragmatic, intrinsic, communal and ethical views. At the second stage, to examine the role of their views on the orientation of science in decision-making, we selected four students who had similar views on NOS but different views on the orientation of science. The four students were selected from each group of views on the orientation of science and their decision-making processes were analyzed following grounded theory. Across SSIs, they relied upon their views on the orientation of science as the strategies for decision, though considered different perception, and causal and contextual conditions. This study indicates that understanding students' views on the orientation of science would be helpful for achieving scientific literacy for informed decision.

점검 : AI 안심해도 되는가! -세계 AI 발생현황과 AI 예방대책

  • Lee, Yun-Jeong
    • KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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    • v.42 no.9
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    • pp.119-121
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    • 2010
  • 무덥던 여름이 지나가고 조금씩 선선한 바람이 부는 계절이 돌아오고 있다. 더위에 지친 사람들과 동물들에게는 반가운 가을이지만, 조류인플루엔자(AI; Avian Influenza)라고 하는 질병 때문에라도 양계농가에서는 마냥 느긋하게 즐길 수만은 없는 계절이기도 하다. 우리나라는 2008년 5월 발생을 마지막으로 H5N1형의 고병원성 조류인플루엔자(HPAI)가 종식되어 현재는 HPAI 청정국 상태를 유지하고 있다. 하지만 세계적으로 HPAI 발생이 지속되고 있어 재유입의 가능성이 상존하고 있고, 이전 우리나라에서의 발생이 모두 봄 가을 철새 이동시기에 있었던 점, 그리고 인플루엔자 바이러스의 특성상 저온 환경에서 오래 생존할 수 있는 점 등을 생각하면 환경 온도가 낮은 가을에서 다음해 봄까지 기간이 아무래도 문제가 될 수 있는 시기라 하겠다. 따라서 본 원고에서는 우리나라 주변국을 중심으로 세계의 AI 발생현황을 알아보고 다가오는 계절에 대비하여 농가에서 지켜야 할 예방수칙에 대해 간략히 소개해 보고자 한다.

The Study of Health-Risk Perception: Implications for Health Services Research (건강 위험 인식 연구 : 보건학 연구를 위한 함의)

  • You, Myoung-Soon
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.45-70
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    • 2009
  • Outbreaks of health risks such as the Influenza A virus (H1N1) are continuing, which highlights the immediacy of risk control strategies to reduce public's fear and protect the safety of the society. Evidence suggests that success for risk management is basically dependent on the public's willingness to adopt health behaviors recommended by experts, and the behavioral intention relies on their risk perception. Understanding of how individuals think of and feel about health risks is thereby important. This article aims to provide insights for future study on health-risk perception. The main streams and recent developments of theorizing and research on health risk perception are reviewed. The issues, such as (1) health risk perception is an important component for shaping relevant health policies as it reflects public trust of the institutions managing health risks, (2) despite this significance, however, few attempts have been made to address the meaning of 'perceiving health risks' in health services research, are shed light on. On the basis on the critical discussion of the contributions and the limitations of the literature, this article finishes with a few of research agendas by three levels of analysis in risk perception research.

Surface Mmodification of Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticle (Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) 나노입자의 표면 수식)

  • Oh, Yu-Mi;Jung, Taek-Kyu;Chi, Sang-Cheol;Shin, Byung-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.601-607
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    • 2003
  • We studied on preparation of nanoparticles modified surface using biodegradable polymer, poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Two kinds of PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by a spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion (SESD) method using cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) as a cationic surfactant and polyethylene glycol-block-polypropylene glycol copolymer (Lutrol F68) as a nonionic surfactant. Model protein was coated on the surface of nanoparticles by the ionic complexation. The model protein was that influenza vaccine ($H_3N_2,\;H_1N_1$, B strain) labeled with NHS-fluorescein. The sizes of cationic nanoparticles were 140-160 nm and the surface charges were 50-60 mV. The sizes of nonionic nanoprticles were 80-90 nm and the surface charge was -10 mV. After coating vaccine on the surface of nanoparticles, the sizes of cationic nanoparticles were increased to 380-400 nm and the size of nonionic nanoparticles was not increased. The amount of coated vaccine on the cationic nanoparticles was 22.73 ${\mu}g$/mg.

The Singapore Field Epidemiology Service: Insights Into Outbreak Management

  • Ooi, Peng-Lim;Seetoh, Theresa;Cutter, Jeffery
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.277-282
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    • 2012
  • Field epidemiology involves the implementation of quick and targeted public health interventions with the aid of epidemiological methods. In this article, we share our practical experiences in outbreak management and in safeguarding the population against novel diseases. Given that cities represent the financial nexuses of the global economy, global health security necessitates the safeguard of cities against epidemic diseases. Singapore's public health landscape has undergone a systemic and irreversible shift with global connectivity, rapid urbanization, ecological change, increased affluence, as well as shifting demographic patterns over the past two decades. Concomitantly, the threat of epidemics, ranging from severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza A (H1N1) to the resurgence of vector-borne diseases as well as the rise of modern lifestyle-related outbreaks, have worsened difficulties in safeguarding public health amidst much elusiveness and unpredictability. One critical factor that has helped the country overcome these innate and man-made public health vulnerabilities is the development of a resilient field epidemiology service, which includes our enhancement of surveillance and response capacities for outbreak management, and investment in public health leadership. We offer herein the Singapore story as a case study in meeting the challenges of disease control in our modern built environment.

Crystal structure of CodW in Bacillus Subtilis - the first N-terminal serine pretense

  • Park, Seong-Hwan;Park, Hyun-Ho;Lim, Young-Jun;Kang, Min-Suk;Lim, Byung-Kook;Seong, Ihn-Sik;Jimin Wang;Chung, Chin-Ha;Eom, Soo-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.25-25
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    • 2002
  • CodWX, encoded by the cod operon in Bacillus subtilis, is a member of the ATP-dependent protease complex family, and is homologous to the eukaryotic 26S proteasome. It consists of two multimeric complexes: two hexameric ATPase caps of CodX and a protease chamber consisting of CodW dodecamer. Prior structural studies have shown that the N-terminal threonine residue is solely functional as a proteolytic nucleophile in ATP-dependent proteases such as HslV and certain β-type subunits of 20S proteasome, which have a primary sequence similarity of -50% and -20% with CodW respectively. Here we present a 3.0 Å resolution crystal structure of CodW, which is the first N-terminal serine protease among the known proteolytic enzymes. In spite of the same fold and the conserved contacts between subunits with HslV in E. coli and H. influenza, this structure shows the five additional residues extending from conserved Thr1 among the other ATP-dependent pretense and extraordinary basic proteolytic chamber.

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Exosome-mediated delivery of gga-miR-20a-5p regulates immune response of chicken macrophages by targeting IFNGR2, MAPK1, MAP3K5, and MAP3K14

  • Yeojin Hong;Jubi Heo;Suyeon Kang;Thi Hao Vu;Hyun S. Lillehoj;Yeong Ho Hong
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.851-860
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    • 2023
  • Objective: This study aims to evaluate the target genes of gga-miR-20a-5p and the regulated immune responses in the chicken macrophage cell line, HD11, by the exosome-mediated delivery of miR-20a-5p. Methods: Exosomes were purified from the chicken macrophage cell line HD11. Then, mimic gga-miR-20p or negative control miRNA were internalized into HD11 exosomes. HD11 cells were transfected with gga-miR-20a-5p or negative control miRNA containing exosomes. After 44 h of transfection, cells were incubated with or without 5 ㎍/mL poly(I:C) for 4 h. Then, expression of target genes and cytokines was evaluated by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction. Results: Using a luciferase reporter assay, we identified that gga-miR-20a-5p directly targeted interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 (MAP3K14). Moreover, the exosome-mediated delivery of gga-miR-20a-5p successfully repressed the expression of IFNGR2, MAPK1, MAP3K5, and MAP3K14 in HD11 cells. The expressions of interferon-stimulated genes (MX dynamin like GTPase 1 [MX1], eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A [EIF2A], and oligoadenylate synthase-like [OASL]) and proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma [IFNG], interleukin-1 beta [IL1B], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNFA]) were also downregulated by exosomal miR-20a-5p. In addition, the proliferation of HD11 cells was increased by exosomal miR-20a-5p. Conclusion: The exosome-mediated delivery of gga-miR-20a-5p regulated immune responses by controlling the MAPK and apoptotic signaling pathways. Furthermore, we expected that exosomal miR-20a-5p could maintain immune homeostasis against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infection by regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cell death.

Emerging Zoonoses: the "One Health Approach"

  • Rabozzi, Giulia;Bonizzi, Luigi;Crespi, Eleonora;Somaruga, Chiara;Sokooti, Maryam;Tabibi, Ramin;Vellere, Francesca;Brambilla, Gabri;Colosio, Claudio
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.77-83
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    • 2012
  • Zoonoses represent a public health risk recently pointed out by the spreading of previously unknown human infectious diseases emerging from animal reservoirs such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza caused by H5N1-virus. These outbreaks have shown that animal breeding activities can pose a significant public health risk. Until now, the risk of zoonoses has probably been underestimated, particularly in occupational settings. The emergence or re-emergence of bacterial (Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella spp) or viral (hepatitis E virus) infections shows that zoonoses should be considered as emerging risks in agricultural and animal breeding and should be addressed by specific preventive interventions. Close cooperation and interaction between veterinarians, occupational health physicians and public health operators is necessary, for a worldwide strategy to expand interdisciplinary collaborations and communications in all aspects of health care for humans, animals and the environment. This is what the One Health Approach was intended to be.

Implementation of integrated monitoring system for trace and path prediction of infectious disease (전염병의 경로 추적 및 예측을 위한 통합 정보 시스템 구현)

  • Kim, Eungyeong;Lee, Seok;Byun, Young Tae;Lee, Hyuk-Jae;Lee, Taikjin
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2013
  • The incidence of globally infectious and pathogenic diseases such as H1N1 (swine flu) and Avian Influenza (AI) has recently increased. An infectious disease is a pathogen-caused disease, which can be passed from the infected person to the susceptible host. Pathogens of infectious diseases, which are bacillus, spirochaeta, rickettsia, virus, fungus, and parasite, etc., cause various symptoms such as respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, liver disease, and acute febrile illness. They can be spread through various means such as food, water, insect, breathing and contact with other persons. Recently, most countries around the world use a mathematical model to predict and prepare for the spread of infectious diseases. In a modern society, however, infectious diseases are spread in a fast and complicated manner because of rapid development of transportation (both ground and underground). Therefore, we do not have enough time to predict the fast spreading and complicated infectious diseases. Therefore, new system, which can prevent the spread of infectious diseases by predicting its pathway, needs to be developed. In this study, to solve this kind of problem, an integrated monitoring system, which can track and predict the pathway of infectious diseases for its realtime monitoring and control, is developed. This system is implemented based on the conventional mathematical model called by 'Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) Model.' The proposed model has characteristics that both inter- and intra-city modes of transportation to express interpersonal contact (i.e., migration flow) are considered. They include the means of transportation such as bus, train, car and airplane. Also, modified real data according to the geographical characteristics of Korea are employed to reflect realistic circumstances of possible disease spreading in Korea. We can predict where and when vaccination needs to be performed by parameters control in this model. The simulation includes several assumptions and scenarios. Using the data of Statistics Korea, five major cities, which are assumed to have the most population migration have been chosen; Seoul, Incheon (Incheon International Airport), Gangneung, Pyeongchang and Wonju. It was assumed that the cities were connected in one network, and infectious disease was spread through denoted transportation methods only. In terms of traffic volume, daily traffic volume was obtained from Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). In addition, the population of each city was acquired from Statistics Korea. Moreover, data on H1N1 (swine flu) were provided by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and air transport statistics were obtained from Aeronautical Information Portal System. As mentioned above, daily traffic volume, population statistics, H1N1 (swine flu) and air transport statistics data have been adjusted in consideration of the current conditions in Korea and several realistic assumptions and scenarios. Three scenarios (occurrence of H1N1 in Incheon International Airport, not-vaccinated in all cities and vaccinated in Seoul and Pyeongchang respectively) were simulated, and the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach its peak and proportion of Infectious (I) were compared. According to the simulation, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days when vaccination was not considered. In terms of the proportion of I, Seoul was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Seoul, the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach at its peak was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Pyeongchang, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. Based on the results above, it has been confirmed that H1N1, upon the first occurrence, is proportionally spread by the traffic volume in each city. Because the infection pathway is different by the traffic volume in each city, therefore, it is possible to come up with a preventive measurement against infectious disease by tracking and predicting its pathway through the analysis of traffic volume.

Centrality Measure in Weighted HPAI Transmission Network: The case of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza Virus in Gimje, South Korea in 2008 (가중 HPAI 확산 네트워크에서 중심성 분석: 2008년 한국 김제 지역의 HPAI 발병 사례를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hyungjin;Suh, Kyo;Jung, Namsu;Lee, Inbok;Seo, Ilhwan;Moon, Woonkyung;Lee, Jeong-Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.79-89
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    • 2012
  • 농가를 방문하는 가금관련업체의 관계자 및 차량은 HPAI 질병 확산의 매개체가 된다. 농가들의 가금관련업체 이용 정보를 이용하면 농가간의 연결을 확인할 수 있고 HPAI 확산 가중 네트워크를 구성할 수 있다. 네트워크 분석중 중심성 측정은 질병에 취약하거나 타 농가에 영향력이 큰 역할을 하는 농가를 분석하는 방법으로 HPAI 초기 확산을 통제하는 방법으로 이용된다. 단, HPAI 바이러스는 네트워크의 연결선 가중치에 따라서 확산 경로가 달라질 수 있다. 기존의 분석 방법은 확산 경로에 있어 대치되는 연결선의 강도와 연결선의 수 중 하나만을 고려하기 때문에 질병 확산을 정확히 모의하는데 한계가 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 2008년 발병한 한국 김제 지역의 39개 농가를 대상으로 가금관련업체 이용자료를 적용한 HPAI 확산 네트워크에 연결선의 가중치에 지수를 적용하는 방법으로 기존의 방법과 결과를 비교했다. 이 자료는 가금 산업 네트워크의 한국 지역 농가 적용성을 평가 할 수 있을뿐만 아니라 추후 잠재적인 질병 발병 차단을 위한 정보 제공에 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.